How to protect the large ruins during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period
Beijing, November 18, reporter Li Yun
learned from the State Administration of Cultural Heritage that the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for the Protection and Utilization of Large Sites" (hereinafter referred to as the "Planning") has been issued recently.
Key words: the protection status of a large site
The large site is a core cultural relic resource that demonstrates China's millions of years of human history, 10,000 years of cultural history, and more than 5,000 years of civilization history.
The reporter learned from the State Administration of Cultural Heritage that in 2005, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage jointly issued the "Measures for the Management of Special Funds for the Protection of Large Sites", officially launching the protection of large sites.
With the support of development and reform, finance, natural resources (formerly land) and other departments, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage has successively formulated and implemented the "Eleventh Five-Year", "Twelfth Five-Year" and "Thirteenth Five-Year" special plans for the protection of major relics, and continued to guide the development of major sites. Site archaeological research, cultural relic protection, display and utilization, cultural inheritance, etc., have initially formed a large-scale site protection pattern with "six areas, four lines, and one circle" as the core and supported by 150 large sites. 36 sites have been assessed and announced. National Archaeological Site Park, the Grand Canal, Silk Road, Liangzhu, Yinxu, Laosi City, Yuanshangdu and other 7 major sites are included in the World Heritage List.
Key words two strengthen national attributes
According to the relevant person in charge of the Department of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the "Planning" strengthens the national attribute.
The "Planning" regards large sites as an important content of the construction of the Chinese civilization identification system, proposes to build a new pattern of protection and utilization of large sites in the new era, improve the planning system for large sites, incorporate large sites into national cultural parks and national parks, etc., highlighting national macro guidance .
The reporter noticed that the list of major sites during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period announced by the "Planning" has increased or decreased compared with the "13th Five-Year Plan" period.
The person in charge said that this is a manifestation of strengthening the country's attributes.
He said that when determining large sites during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, we should focus on important ancient sites and tombs that can reflect the main line of the development of Chinese civilization, and timely add new major archaeological discoveries to ensure the typicality and representativeness of large sites.
At the same time, the "Plan" clearly proposes that the central government should lead and interact between the central and local governments, encourage the construction of provincial archaeological site parks where conditions permit, and attach importance to mobilizing the enthusiasm and initiative of local people's governments.
Keywords three compact foundation work
On the basis of fully sorting out and summarizing the achievements of the protection of large sites in the past, the "Planning" will continue to strengthen basic work in response to new situations and new requirements, including large site archaeology, space use control, theoretical system research and technological application, and the rescue and protection of cultural relics. Wait.
The reporter saw that the "Plan" puts forward the basic principles of "adhering to archaeological support and insisting on protection first", and detailed the tasks during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, formulating 8 main tasks and 14 key tasks. For example, the "Archaeological China" major project, the construction of archaeological specimen warehouses in key national regions, the implementation of the "archaeology first, then transfer" policy, the construction of cultural and technological innovation bases, and the rescue and protection projects of major cultural relics in border areas are all for further consolidation. The foundation for the protection and utilization of large sites.
Keyword four, improve the level of utilization
High-level display and utilization is the main way to protect the results and benefit the people.
The reporter noted that the "Plan" pays more attention to utilization work than the previous three "Five-Year Plans."
In the "Basic Principles" chapter, the "Plan" puts forward the principles of rational utilization, innovation-driven, and integrated development, and clarifies the direction and requirements of utilization.
Two of the eight main tasks are related to utilization: "Improving the level of display and utilization of large sites" and "Promoting the high-quality development of the National Archaeological Site Park".
For example, the "Planning" requires that 30 large sites that have been opened, such as the Wanshouyan Site and the Yangshao Village Site, be the focus, to further optimize the display and exhibition, sign interpretation, landscape greening, road traffic, tourist services and other facilities to improve the level of opening services for the large sites. Provide the people with more open, shared, and profound public spaces.
It is also necessary to focus on the implementation of large site exhibition and utilization projects such as the Shimao site and Taosi site, and realize the opening of 60 to 70 large sites to the outside world.
The "Planning" also requires the development of a batch of research and practical activity courses centering on the archaeology and value connotation of large sites, combining the popularization of archaeology and cultural relics protection knowledge, strengthening Chinese history and Chinese cultural education, and being knowledgeable, interesting, and ideological. 10-15 influential research and practice high-quality routes.
In addition, relying on the large ruins, 5-10 research and practice bases with good demonstration and driving functions will be built, equipped with special facilities and research and exchange places with the function of entertaining and entertaining, and provide excellent learning, practice, living and other conditions and safety guarantees. Enhance the sense of Chinese civilization experience of the public, especially young people, at the site of the large site.
Key words five assessment to ensure implementation
How to ensure the implementation of the 8 main tasks and 14 key tasks required by the "Plan"?
According to the person in charge, the "Plan" uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative indicators to propose evaluation indicators for the protection and utilization of large sites during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.
For example, construct 20 archaeological specimen warehouses in key national areas, complete basic information collection on 100 important large sites, publish 20-30 archaeological reports on important large sites, further realize the opening of 60 to 70 large sites, and add 10 to 15 new sites. National Archaeological Site Park, etc.
At the same time, it fully considers the complexity of the protection and utilization of large sites, and still emphasizes the consolidation of the foundation and the demonstration cases, and puts forward qualitative requirements in archaeological research, theoretical research, technological innovation, and the construction of national archaeological site parks, especially for preventive protection. Theoretical research and system design, such as the distribution of rights and interests, compensation for cultural relics, and the linkage of land increase and decrease, are mainly encouraged and supported, and the local people’s government system innovation, experimentation and exploration are advocated.
The person in charge stated that the "Plan" focuses on existing policy dividends and actively integrates existing policies such as national parks, national cultural parks, national cultural relics protection and utilization demonstration areas, national cultural relics safety work inter-ministerial joint conference mechanism, research and education, and strives to achieve policy advantages maximize.