To implement the "double reduction", we must increase the strength of the teacher in charge
[Expert perspective]
School education is carried out by the class collective, and all work of school education is closely related to the head teacher.
"Thousands of lines above, one needle below", in the process of implementing the "double reduction" policy in primary and secondary schools, the most specific, arduous, and complex tasks need to be carried out by the primary and secondary school head teachers.
As the backbone of school education, the head teacher of primary and secondary schools is not only the manager of class affairs, the instructor of class collective construction, but also the leader of the healthy growth of students and the communication liaison between the family and school. It is important to promote the implementation of the "double reduction" policy. Strength, special status and great responsibility.
At the same time, the "double reduction" will extend the working time limit, increase the work intensity, and increase the psychological burden of the primary and secondary school class teachers. In the long run, it will become an important constraint on the construction of a high-quality basic education system.
As a result, pay full attention to the work life and professional development of the group of head teachers in primary and secondary schools, strengthen the construction of the team of head teachers in primary and secondary schools, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of the teachers in the primary and secondary schools to be the head teachers, which is of great significance to the implementation of the "double reduction" policy. .
Families "burden" schools "increased burden", primary and secondary school teachers face multiple challenges
The purpose of implementing the "double reduction" policy is to allow schools to return to the main position of education and to allow students to return to the campus. This means that while the burden on students' schoolwork and family financial burden is reduced, it will inevitably bring about the burden of teachers' teaching and school management. Increase.
In addition to the normal subject teaching tasks, the teacher in charge of primary and secondary schools is also responsible for maintaining a good teaching management order, organizing and carrying out class collective social practice activities, extracurricular interest groups, club activities, and various cultural and sports activities. Family and school conflicts. To complete the assessment, inspection, and appraisal tasks assigned by the school, we must pay more attention to the all-round development of each student in the class, timely understand students' worries, listen to their voices, meet their reasonable needs, and provide targeted education and guidance.
In short, the teacher in charge of the primary and secondary school is responsible for the implementation of the "double reduction" policy, and is in a state of high-load operation, psychologically and emotionally exhausted.
From the perspective of working hours, the Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences has conducted surveys and statistics. Before the implementation of the "double reduction" policy, the working hours of primary and secondary school teachers reached 52.5 hours per week, far exceeding the 40 hours stipulated by the labor law. Many teachers are already overloaded. Work.
In accordance with the requirements of the "double reduction" policy, primary and secondary schools fully implement the "5+2" model during the compulsory education stage, and provide 2 hours of after-school service 5 days a week, and the end of after-school service is in principle no earlier than the local normal off-duty time , For students with special needs to provide extended care services, which means that the working hours of primary and secondary school teachers, including the head teacher, will be further extended.
Especially after the end of the after-school service, in addition to completing homework correction, preparation for the next day, teaching and research, etc., the teacher in charge of the primary and middle school also spends a lot of time and energy to communicate with the parents of the students on the school situation and coordinate the class management affairs with the subject teachers , Complete various management statistics and other tasks required by the school, and often work until 10 o'clock in the evening or even longer. The next day many class teachers have to rush to the school before 7 o'clock in the morning to make various preparations, and the basic rest time is difficult to guarantee.
From the perspective of work intensity, many school management models are based on the management of the head teacher. The daily management is basically done by the head teacher. Some schools even stipulate that the head teacher must do morning self-study, inter-class exercises, morning and afternoon eye exercises. , Lunch break, and school... the time of the class teacher is divided up and down, and messy, chaotic, and scattered have become normal work.
In daily work, the head teacher has to deal with various inspections of his own teaching, teaching and research, as well as the hygiene, discipline, safety and other aspects of the class. The contradiction between the work of the head teacher and the teaching work is prominent, and it is difficult to concentrate on completing the teaching tasks efficiently. Easily lead to increased pressure on the head teacher.
With the implementation of the "double reduction" policy, whether it is to "enhance homework completion guidance" or "improve the quality of after-school services, expand the learning space for students who have enough time to learn, and carry out a variety of science, culture and sports, art, labor, "Reading, interest groups and club activities" objectively greatly increase the difficulty of education and teaching for class teachers.
Teachers in primary and secondary schools, including the head teacher, are required to devote more time and energy to focus on the design of classroom teaching, pay attention to lesson preparation and teaching and research activities, and pay attention to the individual needs of students. This has brought further pressure on the work intensity of the head teacher in primary and secondary schools .
From the perspective of psychological burden, the head teachers of primary and secondary schools are under the triple mental pressure from public opinion, parents of students, and their own families, and they are overwhelmed.
On the one hand, the society generally believes that the head teacher is the specific manager of all the affairs of the students during the school. Any mistake in the work can easily be magnified and become the target of public opinion.
On the other hand, parents of students believe that the primary and secondary school head teachers have the most contact and understanding with the students, and are the first responsible person in the school. Therefore, "seeking the head teacher for something" has become a common perception among the parents of students, and they often regard their children with poor grades and children. Mental problems or minor conflicts between children are all blamed on the head teacher.
In addition, in addition to the status of teachers in primary and secondary schools, many of them are parents, but the long-term overload of work has resulted in almost no time to take care of their children, and it is difficult to take care of their own families. Family conflicts are prominent and the psychological burden is aggravated.
The implementation of the "double reduction" policy is effective, and urgent attention needs to be paid to the construction of the team of primary and secondary school teachers
The high-intensity work and tremendous psychological pressure that the primary and secondary school head teachers endure should arouse the attention of the society. The whole society should pay attention to the study, work and life of the primary and secondary school head teachers, and effectively strengthen the construction of the team of primary and secondary head teachers to continuously strengthen the main position of school education. Make a positive contribution.
The "double reduction" work is a systematic project. It is necessary to adhere to the government's leadership and multi-party linkage, give full play to the main role of the school, clarify the responsibilities of the family, the school and the society, and improve the cooperative education mechanism of the family, school and society.
The "Proposals of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Goals for 2035" clearly stated that "Improve the cooperative education mechanism of schools, families and society."
This is a higher requirement for the construction of a high-quality education system, and it is also a key breakthrough to solve the predicament of the primary and secondary school head teachers.
On Teacher's Day in 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping also pointed out in his speech at the National Education Conference that the family, school, government, and society are all responsible for running education well.
At the family level, it is necessary to re-clarify the positioning and function of family education, and actively undertake the family's education responsibilities.
Parents of students should teach by example, improve their own awareness of education responsibility, increase the importance and participation of children's moral development and adulthood, and buckle the first button of life for their children.
At the same time, parents should completely abandon the misconception that “education is a school’s business” and deeply understand that “parents are always the first responsible person for children”. The “double reduction” policy reduces the burden on parents, not parents. responsibility.
Every family should strive to be the ideal leader, character forger, habit fosterer, and reading companion for the child, pay attention to the child’s spiritual communication and behavioral interaction during the child’s growth process, and give the child in a positive and harmonious atmosphere. Subtle influence, respect children's growth rhythm and law, consciously take on more important educational responsibilities, and coordinate with the school and class teacher to jointly give children a more comprehensive and healthier education.
At the school level, it is necessary to further improve and improve the incentive and guarantee mechanism for class teachers in primary and secondary schools, stabilize the team of class teachers, and promote the professional development and team building of class teachers.
It is necessary to improve the evaluation system, regard the performance of the class teacher as an important evaluation indicator for the job title evaluation, increase the proportion of the year of the class teacher in the promotion of the title, and give priority to the class teacher in the evaluation and awards, which is linked to various advanced recommendations and honorary titles.
It is necessary to improve the welfare benefits, increase the performance salary and job allowances of the head teacher, and establish a special reward fund for the head teacher, so that the head teacher can obtain an economic status that matches his work.
It is necessary to establish a time guarantee, reasonably arrange the work tasks of the class teacher, provide them with the time and space necessary to focus on subject teaching and class management, and ensure that the class teacher has the time, energy, and enthusiasm to do well in class building and education.
For example, part of the temporary work can be appropriately allocated to teachers who are not head teachers, and a deputy head teacher can also be set up to help the head teacher share a large number of transactional tasks such as statistics, solitaire, and form filling, so as to avoid serious fragmentation of the work time of the head teacher.
At the social level, it is necessary to strengthen the understanding, respect and trust of the work of primary and secondary school head teachers, and create a strong atmosphere of respect for teachers and education in the whole society.
In December 2019, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Several Opinions on Reducing the Burden of Primary and Secondary School Teachers and Further Creating a Good Environment for Education and Teaching", proposing to create a more favorable environment for teachers to teach with peace of mind, peace of mind, and comfort.
Therefore, it is necessary to popularize and strengthen the concept of "the class teacher is an important position of primary and secondary schools, and to engage in the work of a class teacher is an important duty of primary and secondary school teachers", and fully create "the work of a class teacher is the main job and profession" and "being a class teacher is the most important achievement in educating teachers. Good social atmosphere.
Column articles are published through paper media, special programs, in-depth interviews are broadcast by TV media, short videos are released by online media such as Weibo, etc., to show the real day and difficulties of the work of head teachers in primary and middle schools, and let all walks of life understand the profession of teachers The meaning and value of the school, respect and safeguard the legal rights of primary and secondary school class teachers and the legal rights of education and management of students, and guide the public opinion to correctly handle family-school conflicts, teacher-student conflicts, and management issues.
(Author: Hu Xin, Lecturer, School of Education, Capital Normal University)