Haitian Jean D'Amérique, winner of the 2021 RFI Théâtre prize for "Opéra Dust"

Jean D'Amérique, Haitian writer and poet, winner of the RFI Théâtre 2021 prize for “Opera Dust”.

© Siegfried Forster / RFI

Text by: Siegfried Forster Follow

10 mins

Me, I have a style, words and I try to tell my time, because it's now or never.

 »At 26 years old, the Haitian writer Jean D'Amérique receives this Sunday, September 26, the RFI Theater 2021 prize for his play« Opera Dust ».

A powerful and poetic resurrection of the Haitian anti-colonialist resistant Sanite Bélair, assassinated by the French colonists in 1802.

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His favorite gesture?

The fist raised to the sky.

Jean d'Amérique admits to being like the characters in his texts: " 

always in revolt, against everything, against myself, against society, against the world

 ".

But, a few hours before receiving the RFI Théâtre 2021 prize during the Les Zébrures d'automne des Francophonies festival in Limoges, the future winner sits calmly with us and is relaxed, even smiling.

“ 

I am very happy to receive this award.

That's wonderful.

I have applied several times and twice have been a finalist.

This year, I have it, it's great.

 "

"

Haiti sends dead people every day

"

For John from America, writing seems to be a combat sport where there will be no survivors. Like his native country, described in the play by the patron of the dead as follows: " 

This country that we call Haiti, lately it sends deaths every day, it sends the dead here like grains of rain. .

 The poet's literary style is marked by an ultimate word, chanted as if it were the final work of the writer. In

Opera Dust

, he tries to bring the dead back to life, including a certain Sanite Bélair.

“ 

Sanite Bélair is a Haitian anti-colonialist resistance fighter.

She got involved very early in anti-slavery battles in Haiti, towards the end of the 18th century.

She was to be captured by French soldiers in October 1802. At the time, captured male rebels had to be shot and female rebels beheaded.

Sanite Bélair will refuse to be beheaded and she will end up not being shot.

I found there that there was already a very strong political act.

It is from there that I became interested in its history to try to make known its history.

And above all to talk about the fact that today she is under-represented in the pantheon of heroes.

 "

Sanite Bélair, a Haitian anti-colonialist resistance fighter

Outside of Haiti, she remains a very little known revolutionary and martyr, but even the inhabitants of her native island do not necessarily know the history and career of Sanite Bélair. “ 

In the canon of heroes, it is not found very often. I discovered it through a Haitian historian and anthropologist, Bayyinah Bello, who taught at my faculty in Haiti. Suddenly, I wanted to see Sanite Bélair reappear as a figure of resistance. We make odes for the heroes, but why not for a heroine

? It is a figure where all the struggles that have been led by other women crystallize as well.

"

The first scene takes place in a cemetery, in the beyond, but before a voice pronounces its first words, the author sets up an atmosphere in the “ 

somewhere

 ”, the “ 

very dark

 ”, the “ 

terribly empty”.

 ". Writing a play, is it the art of creating atmospheres? " 

In theater writing, I always try to give life to characters through words.

They are often beings who are grappling with silence, with darkness, who try to speak out in order to exist, to become alive.

In the play, for Sanite Bélaire, there is this voice which returns from beyond the grave and which will come back to haunt us.

In this awakening from the dust, I used a lot of elements from Haitian voodoo mythology to create this atmosphere: the night, the dust, to get this voice out of this abyssal space.

"

La rigoise, from slavery to today

Very early in history, a word appears. A word very little used and known in France, but that the Antilleans know terribly very well: the rigoise. A name that has crossed the history of Haiti and haunted the mind of John of America from his earliest childhood. " 

Rigoise is a very common word in Haiti. It's a whip made from animal skins. We use it to hit people. A tool widely used at the time of slavery in Haiti. And me, growing up in Haiti, I was confronted with this, because it is still used. There are street vendors with bundles of rigoises. As a child, I hated them, like all children, because we were afraid that our parents would buy them to beat us up. Later, when I learned the history of this element, I wondered how it is possible that it is still used today. It's a tool that has a terrible, horrible history, because it was used to hit slaves in Santo Domingo. So,I wanted to reuse this vocabulary to immerse the reader in this world of slavery in which Sanite Bélair had lived, things against which she fought.

"

#HeroineAnger

To resuscitate the heroine of his opera from the dust, Jean D'Amérique does not stop at warding off the past.

To bring her back, he seeks a connection with our contemporary world and creates a

hashtag

in the text itself

 : # HéroineEnColère.

“ 

For some time now,

I have noticed

: many social movements are born on the internet and social networks.

This side interested me, among other things for the question of the disappearance of the body, that is to say that we go through social networks to claim things, but this often poses a problem: where is the person who claims such a thing?

Why is she not showing up?

In the text, at one point, I say: why do you need to see her again to validate her words?

At the same time, it can create a kind of blur around a movement.

How it can amplify voices or give substance to struggles.

So, there you have it, Sanite Bélair comes from beyond the grave and she goes through social networks to launch her movement.

"

How did Jean Civilus become Jean D'Amérique

?

How to give substance to an idea? The poet himself has undergone a fundamental change. In other words: how Jean Civilus - his civil name when he was born in December 1994 in Côtes-de-Fer, a small town in the south-east of Haiti - became Jean D'Amérique? “ 

Jean D'Amérique, it was a way for me to be reborn. Perhaps this is my poetic birth certificate. As soon as I really got into writing, I took that name. It was a way for me to be reborn, because I was also at odds with my family, with society… and it was a poetic evocation. And I also always say, ironically, to take it out on the United States for believing America is theirs [laughs].

"

It remains to discover the need to use a capital D for his artist name Jean D'Amérique, which is very intriguing.

It's a capital D, because it's a big dream of travel - not of conquest, but of travel.

It is not nobility that I am looking for, but there is something big and musical for me that rings in this name.

So a capital D.

"

"

P is my favorite letter

 "

The musical aspect is decisive for the literary destiny of the young boy who grew up in the provinces, in a family not very oriented towards books. It was not either the great Haitian writers like Frankétienne or René Depestre who pushed him towards poetry, but rap and - who knows - perhaps the letter p, his favorite of the alphabet, the real house of the poet: “ 

P is my favorite letter. P for poetry, p for poem… And also, because I really like to carry texts aloud. In the p, there is something which chants. We can really rely on it to create rhythm

: the word, the poem, the poetry, the thought ...

At the age of eleven, after growing up in the countryside, I arrived in Port-au-Prince and I discovered rap.

I listened to a lot at the time.

This is where the act of writing is going to happen.

I see a kind of reflection through what I listen to in rap and which spoke of my social condition.

I also liked this poetry which is chanting and which is very virulent.

So that's how I started to write my first texts.

 "

When writing makes the writer dizzy

Today, he lives between Paris, Brussels and Port-au-Prince, and he has become the figurehead of the new generation of Haitian writers. From

Little flower of the ghetto

(2015) through

No path in the skin that bleeding embrace

, to

Atelier du silence

and his first novel

Sun to sew

, published in the spring of 2021, in his poetic jousts against misfortune in the world, Jean D'Amérique seems to want to take the emotions of his readers on waves 30 meters high in the middle of the ocean. He tells us that the writing of his texts sometimes makes him dizzy himself. " 

Yes, for me, writing is always in a place of urgency. It's an inner necessity, like a kind of torrent inside me and it has to come out. So the act of writing will go through this movement, with a lot of dizziness, a lot of torment. I try to convey this anger through the words so that the reader can be worked up by that as well. May the words reflect the anger that runs through me and that pushes me to write.

"

If, at first glance, the megalomaniacal title of the winning text makes you smile, after reading, even the resurrection of this

opera dust

in a real opera no longer seems to be excluded, thanks to the force of words and the historical weight of the resistance Sanite Bélair: " 

I am the last generation / corpses on vacation / I have finished my time of silence / I revoke my fate of dust

 ".

"What do we do with what we are?

"

“ 

Perhaps it is not me who will edit the text,

specifies Jean D'Amérique,

but, in any case, I see it a lot like a great song carried by the voice of this heroine. I imagine a large space, something that almost evokes the sacred to me in the voice of this heroine. So, yes, it's quite adaptable to opera.

"

At the age of 26, he has already written half a dozen books, collections of poetry, a first novel, awarded prizes, created the TransPoétique festival and he runs the Davertige poetry review. If this reminds you of the fury and the rage of great artists like Jim Morrison, Jean-Michel Basquiat or Amy Winehouse, Jean D'Amérique is not afraid to pass the 27-year-old milestone: “ 

I am starting to age, I have almost 27 years old, but I have always said to myself that age in itself is not a quality. What do we do with what we are

? What do we do with the time we have and what is at our disposal

? (…) I always have the feeling that the book I'm writing is going to be the last one I'm going to write.

"

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