On the evening of Sunday, September 5, 2021, the Guinean army's special forces announced the dissolution of the government, the suspension of the constitution, and the closure of the land and air borders of the West African country, after the arrest of its president, Alpha Condé.

While the putschists called themselves the "National Committee for Assembly and Development", the Guinean Ministry of Defense said that "the presidential guard thwarted the coup attempt," without giving further details.

Ghana Empire..French Colony

Guinea is sometimes called Guinea Conakry to distinguish it from its neighbors Guinea-Bissau and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea.

Guinea was once part of the Ghana Empire.

1849: It became a French protectorate and colony.

1904: France declared it part of the West African colonies.

October 2, 1958: Gained its independence from France.

After independence, the political leader who fought against colonialism, Ahmed Sekou Toure, took power from October 2, 1958 until March 26, 1984.

March 26, 1984: Ahmed Sekou Toure died during an operation in the United States of America.

March 26, 1984: Prime Minister Loi Lansana Biavogui takes office as interim president for an 8-day period.

April 3, 1984: Lansana Conte leads a military coup that overthrows Lansana Biavogui's government, and announces the suspension of the constitution as well as Parliament, which is replaced by the Military Council of National Salvation headed by Conte.

April 5, 1984: Conte is proclaimed President of the Republic.

July 4, 1985: Former Prime Minister Diarra Traore (an army general who contributed to the coup with Conte and was prime minister for a short period) attempts to seize power when Conte was in Togo's capital, Lome, to attend a meeting of the Economic Organization of West African States.

The forces loyal to Conte were able to regain control easily, as 100 military figures were executed, including Traore, for their involvement in the failed coup attempt.

April 3, 1990: Conte promoted to general.

December 23, 2008: Conte dies after a struggle with illness, leaving a power vacuum.

Hours after the official announcement of Conte’s death, an army captain named Moussa Dadis Camara announced on state radio in Conakry the dissolution of the government, the suspension of the constitution, the cessation of political and trade union activities, and the formation of an advisory council called the “National Council for Development and Democracy” that includes military and civilians to run the country’s affairs.

Camara confirmed that the military leaders do not intend to continue in power for more than two years until fair and transparent presidential elections are held at the end of 2010.

- The leader of the putschists announced a night-time curfew throughout the country, and also issued an ultimatum to the disbanded pro-government forces not to resort to the use of mercenaries to try to return to power.

- The Military Council summoned government ministers and senior officers to the central military barracks "Alpha Yahya Gallo" in the capital, out of concern for their security and personal safety.

December 24, 2008: The putschists appointed their leader, Captain Moussa Dadis Camara, as the country's new president.

Camara issued a decision appointing Kabini Kumara, director of the African Export-Import Bank in Cairo, as prime minister and the government, and retired senior officers and generals.

Camara worked to reform the economic system, and to bring to justice those involved in corruption and human rights violations.

September 2009 massacre

- September 28, 2009: Security forces killed more than 150 people who gathered in a demonstration against the ruling military council in the stadium in the capital, Conakry, and raped dozens of women, according to the United Nations and human rights groups.

- Guinea was on the verge of a civil war, and weeks after these events, the head of the ruling military council, Moussa Dadis Camara, was wounded when his assistant shot him in a failed attempt on his life.

December 3, 2009: Western-backed Skoba Konate takes power and pledges to return power to civilians.

December 21, 2010: President Alpha Condé arrives after the country's first multi-party democratic elections.

An assassination attempt..a military coup

July 19, 2011: Conde was subjected to an assassination attempt carried out by military personnel, which brought to mind the coups in Guinea over the past decades.

July 20, 2021: The authorities arrested dozens of military personnel, including senior leaders close to the head of the former transitional regime, General Scuba Konate, and the former head of the military council, Musa Camara.

- September 6, 2021: Special Forces arrested President Alpha Conde and dissolved state institutions, while the Ministry of Defense confirmed that the Presidential Guard repelled an attack by Special Forces on the Republican Guard.

- The Commander of the Special Forces of Guinea Conakry, Colonel Mamady Domboya, announced, in a clip that spread on the social media platforms, the dismissal of President Alpha Conde.

Domboya said in a statement to the citizens, "We have decided to dissolve the institutions and the government and close the land and air borders, and we turn to those who are concerned to continue their work normally."

The putschists broadcast a video of President Conde being arrested, sitting on a sofa, wearing jeans and a T-shirt, and refusing to answer when asked if he was mistreated.

Country.. geography.. population

Official name: Guinea or Guinea Conakry

Short name: Guinea

Capital: Conakry

Political system: republic

Currency: Guinean franc.

Location: It is located on the western coast of Africa, bordered on the south by the Republic of Liberia and Sierra Leone, on the north by the Republic of Senegal and part of Guinea-Bissau, on the east by the Republic of Mali and Ivory Coast, and overlooking the Atlantic Ocean from the west, and consists of 4 natural areas: Lower or coastal Guinea, Guinea Central, Upper Guinea and Forest Guinea.

Area: 245.857 square kilometers

Natural resources: iron ore, fish, uranium, diamonds, gold

Climate: tropical.

Population: 13,026,502 people (2018 est.).

Ethnic distribution: Guinea has 24 ethnic groups, the most prominent of which are the Fula (Pul) which make up 43%, the Mandinka (Malinki) 35%, the Susu 20%, and the rest are small ethnic groups.

Religion: 85% Muslim, 8% Christian, 7% indigenous beliefs.

Languages: French is the official language, but most people speak one of the African languages, which are Fulani, Ngo, Soso or Soso, Toma, Kissi, Jerese, Sonenko (Mara).

Economy: Guinea's economy depends on agriculture as a basic craft, and the most important crops are cocoa and coffee as cash crops. Their cultivation prevails in the country, and oil palm cultivation is widespread.

Main products: bauxite, gold, diamonds, rice, coffee, fish.