Most of the summer vacation has passed, and the amount of consultations and surgeries for refractive surgery for myopia in major eye hospitals has increased significantly. Those who have just taken the college entrance examination have become the main force in this wave of "mirror removal"——
Can surgery be removed once and for all?
How many people are nearsighted in our country? A research report published by the World Health Organization in 2018 showed that there were 600 million myopia patients in China. On June 5 last year, the National Health Commission issued my country’s first eye health white paper "China Eye Health White Paper", which pointed out that the overall incidence of myopia in children and adolescents in my country was 53.6%, and the overall incidence of myopia in college students exceeded 90%.
Faced with such a large-scale incidence of myopia, going to a regular hospital for refractive surgery has become a "removal of the lens" and "big move" for more and more myopia patients. Is refractive surgery safe? How to protect eyes after surgery? How can minors who cannot undergo surgery prevent myopia?
How safe is the surgical removal of the mirror?
In 2018, Wang Kai underwent full femtosecond refractive surgery without any complications or sequelae. He even returned to work the next day after the operation. Now his work and life are all normal.
Wang Kai is the chief physician of the Eye Optometry Center of Peking University People's Hospital. As an ophthalmologist who has performed refractive surgery, he is positive about such operations.
"Refractive surgery is mainly divided into corneal refractive surgery and intraocular refractive surgery (ICL). Corneal refractive surgery includes surface surgery, full femtosecond, and half femtosecond; intraocular refractive surgery is mainly endoscopic, intraocular Contact lens implantation surgery.” Wang Kai said that at present, both at home and abroad, refractive surgery is one of the main treatments for lens removal.
In response to the safety of refractive surgery that many people worry about, Qin Liwei, deputy chief physician of the Department of Ophthalmology at the Sixth Center of the Department of Ophthalmology of the PLA General Hospital, said that with the continuous improvement of preoperative inspections and surgical equipment for refractive surgery, the prevention and treatment of surgical complications More mature, the surgical skills are becoming more and more exquisite, and the safety of refractive surgery has been greatly improved.
"There are basically no very serious complications during the operation. At most, the operation is suspended due to problems such as surgical cooperation and re-scheduled or surgical procedures are changed. The probability of sequelae and complications of the operation is very low."
Qin Liwei believes that we should increase publicity on the pros and cons of refractive surgery, seek truth from facts, and let everyone know more about this type of surgery, understand the indications of various types of surgery, and understand why your eyes should choose this type of surgery. It is not blindly choosing expensive and popular techniques.
At the same time, everyone should take a correct view of the misunderstandings and rumors about refractive surgery on the Internet.
You cannot deify this kind of surgery, think it is perfect, and don't shut it out because of individual false rumors.
But it is worth noting that the low probability of sequelae and complications does not mean foolproof. There is no absolutely safe operation.
Therefore, many ophthalmologists reminded that patients should actively cooperate with the doctor to perform strict and comprehensive eye examinations before the operation, and prepare for the operation according to the doctor's instructions; relax during the operation and cooperate with the doctor to successfully complete the operation; the most important thing after the operation is to strictly follow the doctor The post-operative precautions to be explained, according to the needs of the eye drops, come to the hospital for reexamination in time.
Zhao Yumin, director of the Optometry Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, gave an example: after refractive surgery, a hormone-based eye drops-fluorometholone eye drops, some people use it for a year, but some people order it. The intraocular pressure will increase afterwards.
After the operation, a boy did not go back to the hospital as ordered by the doctor for a post-operative review. Instead, he had been administering fluorometholone eye drops for three months. After half a year, he found that one of his eyes could not be seen clearly, and he was diagnosed after going to the hospital for an examination. Suffered from glaucoma.
In fact, this consequence could have been avoided. If you follow the doctor's instructions strictly after the operation, the doctor will find that his intraocular pressure is high, and you will be fine if you stop or change the medicine.
Surgery is correction not cure, myopia is irreversible
Many people will walk into a misunderstanding after completing refractive surgery: they think they can sit back and relax after the surgery.
But in fact, the operation only took the glasses off the bridge of the nose and put them on the eyeballs. Myopia still exists.
Many experts said in interviews that if you do not pay attention to eye hygiene after surgery, you will still be nearsighted if you use your eyes too close.
"After refractive surgery, you should also protect your eyes like preventing myopia." Qin Liwei said that after refractive surgery, there is a difference between eye protection before myopia. The eyes after refractive surgery are all myopia without glasses. , Their intraocular structure is still in the original state of myopia, especially for patients with high myopia before the operation, they must avoid extreme sports, trauma, and fatigue after the operation. When looking at objects, take part in outdoor sports, eat a balanced diet, and review your vision and fundus regularly.
Wang Kai agrees with this very much. He suggested that in the first half of the operation, you should pay attention to controlling the intensity of eye use, especially the intensity of using eyes at close range. If you hide in the bed and use your phone every day, the adjustment function of your eyes will not be able to keep up. Pseudo-myopia or vision regression will appear immediately.
If pseudo-myopia does occur, it can be recovered early by medication to relieve visual fatigue and relax by looking into the distance.
If you are indeed nearsighted, you can also decide whether you can perform a second operation or wear low-level corrective glasses based on the examination data.
Qin Liwei told reporters that this situation is more common in patients who are young before surgery, their own myopia is unstable before surgery, excessive use of eyes after surgery or the continuous development of high myopia, and most patients have few complications and sequelae. See.
"It's worth being vigilant that some people can't see clearly after myopia surgery. They may be nearsighted again, but they may also have other eye diseases. If you have any problems, you should go to the hospital in time to see if you are nearsighted. No, there are still other eye diseases. Don't'self-diagnose' and delay treatment." Zhao Yumin reminded.
Myopia prevention and control need to adhere to "teach-doctor collaboration"
In 2018, the eight departments jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for the Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents". It was proposed that by 2030, the rate of new-onset myopia in children and adolescents across the country will be significantly reduced, and the overall level of visual health of children and adolescents will be significantly improved, and the rate of myopia in 6-year-old children will be controlled About 3%, the myopia rate of primary school students dropped to less than 38%, the myopia rate of junior high school students dropped to less than 60%, the myopia rate of high school students dropped to less than 70%, and the excellent rate of national students’ physical health standards reached more than 25%.
Qu Jia, director of the National Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases Clinical Medical Research Center and head of the national comprehensive prevention and control of myopia experts in children and adolescents, pointed out that the prevention and control of myopia is not only a national strategy, but also a livelihood project involving all people.
On the one hand, we must continue to promote the myopia survey and other tasks, pay attention to the eye health of each child, and persevere in implementing various effective measures; on the other hand, we must carry out various forms of popular science propaganda, continuously enhance the concept of scientific eye health, and especially strengthen parental prevention. Control the initiative and enthusiasm of myopia, and guide children to develop good eye habits in daily life.
"In addition, the prevention and control of myopia must adhere to the'teach-doctor collaboration', give full play to the school's subjective initiative in the prevention and control work, and effectively promote the implementation of prevention and control work through measures such as reducing students' academic burdens and increasing students' outdoor sports."
Not long ago, Mingyue Lens joined hands with children and adolescents myopia prevention and control experts and social media to launch a "medical media co-creation seminar". Mao Xinjie, director of the Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Dongfang Hospital and director of the Optometry Center of the Affiliated Eye Optometry Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, It was stated at the meeting that the current myopia control requires a personalized solution. Only optometry is not comprehensive. Optometry diagnosis and treatment-eye axis measurement, binocular visual function inspection, etc. are needed.
After the doctor has a full understanding of the child's eyes through the ophthalmology diagnosis and treatment method, he chooses a personalized correction plan, and chooses different intervention methods according to different ages, degrees and needs.
"In addition to increasing the time for outdoor activities and reducing the burden of eye use, you can also choose different optical correction methods, such as functional glasses, orthokeratology lenses, and multifocal soft lenses. At the same time, some drugs can also help myopia control."
"At the moment, everyone's needs for visual health have changed, not only to see but also to see clearly, to see comfortably, and to see for a long time." Xie Gongxing, vice president of Jiangsu Optical Association and president of Mingyue Lens, explained to reporters In a pair of glasses, the function of "visual health" is mainly carried by the lens, and different lenses can meet the needs of different eyes.
For example, for children, there are myopia management lenses that delay the progression of myopia; for outdoor environments such as driving and going out, there are polarized sunglasses that block ultraviolet rays and anti-glare; for video screens that often use electronic screens, there are dual anti-blue light that blocks harmful blue light Lenses etc.
"Science plays a very important role in the prevention and control of myopia."
Ni Hailong, director of the Optometry Department of the Ophthalmology Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University and a member of the national comprehensive prevention and control of myopia experts in children and adolescents, told reporters: “It is necessary to pass on scientific knowledge of myopia science to the public, so that the science knowledge can be obtained through the media platform. Effective dissemination; also pay attention to pertinence, formulate different content according to different science popularization objects, and strengthen interaction in the science popularization process, so as to understand the misunderstandings of different objects, and strengthen their understanding, so as to turn into correct actions."
(Our reporter Chen Yin, our reporter's trainee Du Qian, Li Jie, our reporter's correspondent Peng Li)