Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 12 -

Topic: the next five years, social security, income distribution, pensions and other changes will usher in six

　　Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter Jiang Lin

　　The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security recently announced the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the Development of Human Resources and Social Security on its website.

The plan has made comprehensive arrangements for improving the social security system and deepening the reform of the income distribution system of enterprises and institutions. There are many policy breakthroughs. A series of changes in social security, pensions, and wage income will occur in the next five years.

[Change 1] Social Security: The level of benefits will be steadily improved

　　Social security benefits are connected with people’s life-saving money and pension money.

The plan sets "the level of social security benefits to increase steadily" as one of the main goals during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.

　　The plan is clear to promote the coordinated adjustment of social insurance benefits and economic and social development, comprehensively consider price changes, average employee wage growth, fund affordability, and financial situation, improve the basic pension insurance and work-related injury insurance benefits adjustment mechanism for employees, and improve unemployment Linkage mechanism between insurance protection standards and price hikes.

　　According to data from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, from 2012 to 2020, the monthly pension per capita of enterprise employees has increased from 1,686 yuan to about 2,900 yuan, and the national average monthly unemployment insurance premium has increased from 686 yuan to 1,506 yuan.

This year, the basic pension for employees has achieved "17 consecutive increases." The increase in benefits has been paid in the near future, and it is expected to continue to increase in the future according to the requirements of the plan.

　　The plan also proposes to fully implement the basic pension insurance benefits for urban and rural residents and the normal adjustment mechanism of basic pensions, gradually increase the basic pension standards for urban and rural residents, increase the coverage of corporate annuities, and promote the development of personal pensions.

　　A series of new measures will continue to increase the "gold content" of social security, so that the bottom line of people's livelihood protection will be strengthened.

[Change 2] Income distribution: "upgrade lower and expand middle" to narrow the gap

　　Focusing on the requirement of promoting common prosperity in a more active and proactive manner during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the plan is to make a package of policy arrangements for each category and situation.

　　For example, focusing on non-public enterprises, improving the effectiveness of collective wage negotiation, focusing on increasing the labor compensation of front-line workers; strengthening prior guidance on wage distribution in different industries and groups, and exploring and publishing salary distributions that reflect the characteristics of different industries and groups Guidelines.

　　Institutions have gradually realized the normal adjustment of the total performance wages, implemented a separate list of the performance wages of high-level talents, explored the incentive and restraint mechanism of the income distribution of main leaders, deepened the reform of the salary system of public hospitals, promoted the reform of the salary system of universities and scientific research institutes, and improved firefighters Salary and welfare policy.

　　State-owned enterprises generally implement full-staff performance management, establish a remuneration system for core key talents with market competitive advantages, and promote the distribution of outstanding contributions to talents and frontline key positions.

　　The plan also makes arrangements to continuously increase the proportion of middle-income groups, focusing on college and vocational college graduates, skilled workers, small and micro entrepreneurs, and migrant workers.

　　Experts said that these arrangements reflect a general trend. In the next few years, the government will strengthen the regulation and guidance on the distribution of wages and incomes of enterprises and institutions, and narrow the income gap through “lowering the expansion of the middle”, so that more ordinary people will have “money”. The bag" bulged.

[Change Three] Pension: Gradually increase the minimum payment period

　　According to the Social Insurance Law, individuals participating in basic pension insurance who have paid for more than 15 years when they reach the statutory retirement age shall receive the basic pension on a monthly basis.

However, as the aging of the population continues to deepen, this regulation will be adjusted during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.

　　The plan proposes to gradually increase the minimum payment period for receiving basic old-age pensions and revise the number of months for calculating and issuing basic old-age insurance personal accounts for employees.

　　"These are the'combined punches' that the state has played to ensure the balance of pension funds. They are inevitable measures under the background of my country's aging." said Zheng Bingwen, director of the World Social Security Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

　　According to estimates by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the number of new retirees during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period will exceed 40 million, and the working-age population will decrease by 35 million.

　　Zheng Bingwen said that appropriately increasing the minimum payment period, paying more and receiving more pensions, is beneficial to increasing the replacement rate of personal pensions and the sustainability of the system.

　　Experts said that the increase in the minimum payment period has little impact on employees of enterprises and institutions, and the main impact is on flexible employees.

The latter is completely self-paid, and it is common to pay by the minimum period.

The final increase in the number of years still needs to be determined based on the average number of years of employment of Chinese workers.

[Change 4] Employee Injury Insurance for Flexible Employment: Takeaway riders and others will no longer "running naked"

　　Authoritative data shows that there are 200 million people in flexible employment in my country, and the number of workers in new forms of employment has increased significantly in recent years.

In 2020, about 84 million people will provide services in the sharing economy.

However, according to the current regulations, the flexible employment relationship between flexible employees and their employers is an unstable labor relationship, and they cannot obtain work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and other system guarantees.

　　In response to these pain points and difficulties, the plan proposes to establish and improve the labor rights protection mechanism of new employment forms; formulate trial measures for occupational injury protection, promote the pilot program of occupational injury protection for flexible employees on the platform, and allow flexible employees to participate in social insurance at the place of employment Household registration restrictions.

　　"To make up for the shortcomings of security in a timely manner, and to improve the employment, labor remuneration, social insurance, skills training and other aspects of the system will not only help to safeguard the labor rights of workers in new employment forms, but also help promote flexible employment, increase job opportunities and People's income." said Zhang Chenggang, director of the China New Employment Form Research Center, Capital University of Economics and Business.

　　In accordance with the deployment of relevant departments, the next step will be to clarify the responsibility of Internet platform companies to protect the rights and interests of workers, to provide flexible employees on the platform with fair protection that is generally consistent with work-related injury insurance benefits, and to prevent takeaway riders from "streaking".

[Change 5] Injury insurance for civil servants and employees: to achieve wide coverage and full coverage

　　To realize the wide coverage of work-related injury insurance policies for professional workers, and to include all civil servants and staff of agencies (units) managed by the Civil Service Law into the work-related injury insurance system. This is another new requirement put forward by this plan.

　　It is understood that my country’s work injury insurance system was gradually established on the basis of the "Provisional Measures for Enterprise Workers’ Work Injury Insurance" in the 1990s. Civil servants and public officials were not initially included. The department refers to the corresponding regulations to give pensions and preferential treatment.

　　However, the coverage of pension and preferential treatment is narrower than that of work-related injury protection.

When civil servants and public officials encounter traffic accidents that are not their primary responsibility, sudden death at work, or occupational diseases on their way to and from work, work-related injury benefits may not be effectively guaranteed.

　　In order to promote civil servants to participate in social insurance in accordance with the law and enjoy insurance benefits in accordance with national regulations, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has actively supported and encouraged all localities to include civil servants in the scope of work-related injury insurance in recent years.

Up to now, more than 20 provinces across the country have incorporated civil servants into the work-related injury insurance system as a whole, and some prefectures and cities in the remaining provinces have also launched pilot projects for civil servants to participate in work-related injury insurance.

　　According to the plan, in addition to achieving full coverage of civil servants and public participation, my country will also study and improve work-related injury insurance related systems and supporting measures, focusing on high-risk industries, and continue to expand the coverage of work-related injury insurance, so that the number of participants in work-related injury insurance will increase from 2.68 at the end of 2020. 100 million people will increase to 280 million in 2025.

[Change 6] Protection of the rights and interests of workers in rest: improve the working hours, rest and vacation system

　　In response to issues such as overtime work by enterprises and forced labor in bad weather, the plan is to respond to social concerns, propose perfect working hours, rest and vacation systems, and specifically deploy and carry out the management of prominent employment problems in key industries.

　　"With the increasing number of non-standard labor relations, there is an urgent need to make more thorough and scientific arrangements for the labor hours of workers in new forms of employment to safeguard the rights and interests of laborers." said Su Hainan, a special researcher at the Chinese Society of Labor.

　　Many experts believe that Internet platform companies should be urged to reasonably determine the maximum daily online time or working hours in accordance with regulations and arrange breaks.

At the same time, it will strengthen labor supervision and law enforcement, and provide basic rights and interests protection for flexible employment and new forms of employment.

　　The Ministry of Transport and other departments recently jointly issued the "Opinions on Doing a Good Job in the Protection of the Legal Rights and Interests of the Courier Group", which clearly requires the relevant parties to study and formulate the labor quota standards for the couriers, determine the minimum labor remuneration standards for the couriers and the annual labor remuneration increase. Implement a paid vacation system.