No air conditioning in the hot summer, no heating in the cold winter
——Explore the first "near zero energy consumption" farm house in China
Our reporter Hua Ling
Technology supports carbon peak carbon neutrality
In the countryside, air-conditioning is not needed in the scorching summer, and heating is not needed in the cold winter, and the interior can still be as comfortable as spring. Can such a building be realized?
At the entrance of Banbidian Village, Weishanzhuang Town, Daxing, Beijing, when the reporter pushed open the wooden door of “Zero House” and walked into the high-value courtyard with a total construction area of nearly 400 square meters, he discovered that such a farm house actually exists.
This is the renovation of a villager’s house in 2019 with the national standard "Near-Zero Energy Building Technical Standards" as the ruler. It is the first building in China that has been completed and received an evaluation label as a "near-zero energy consumption" building. The “Green and Smart Rural Technology Integration and Demonstration” project demonstration project won the 2020 WAN World Architecture News Awards Silver Award in the sustainable building category.
So, what is the secret of this ideal "near-zero energy" farm house in the countryside?
Active energy saving: make full use of solar energy
Looking at Ling She from the outside, green trees conceal a red brick courtyard with vernacular style. The interior is designed with clear windows and neat patterns. If it is placed on the background of the wheat field of the famous oil painting "The Woman Who Gathers Wheat Ears", it seems There is no sense of violation.
Between the door of the zero house and the door of the living room, there is a sunlight corridor with a colorful roof. When the afternoon sun spreads on the transparent roof, the ground seems to be covered with colorful carpets.
"The roof is composed of 14 colored photovoltaic power generation thin film covers, with a total area of 22.7 square meters. It not only has good light permeability, but also generates electricity." Chief Architect of Tianjin Tianyou Architectural Design Co., Ltd., Tianjin University Architecture Ren Jun, a professor at the college, said.
Climbing up the stairs to the terrace on the roof of the Zero House.
Ren Jun pointed to the gray-black tiles laid on the entire roof and said, “This is Hanergy’s solar tile with an area of 96.4 square meters. The electricity it generates together with the roof of the sun corridor can meet the needs of most electrical equipment in the house. Electricity. Moreover, in the design, taking into account the latitude of Beijing, taking into account the snowy weather in the north, the angle of the roof and roof of the sun room is designed to be 40 degrees, so that even if there is a thick snow falling on it, it will soon melt Clean, can maximize the use of the sun's energy and store more electricity."
Not only that, the reporter observed that artistic flexible photovoltaic devices were installed on the building's enclosure.
A solar hot water system is also set up on the terrace to provide hot water for the kitchen and bathroom.
Ren Jun said: "Lingshe has realized the organic integration of photovoltaic building integration. It can not only rely on photovoltaic power generation to form a unique power supply operation system, but also benefit from the integration of the excess electricity generated into the national grid."
Passive energy saving: put a padded jacket on the house
It is understood that the joints between doors and windows of traditional houses are prone to air leakage, and the building walls are thin and have poor thermal insulation. This makes heating in winter or cooling in summer often require a lot of energy to maintain the temperature.
"In response to this situation, we added new thermal insulation materials in the seams of the windows and the walls, just like putting a padded jacket on the house, achieving a good effect of passive energy saving." Ren Jun said.
When you walk to the floor-to-ceiling windows of Lingshe, you will find that the walls of the building are filled with insulation materials. The walls are 80 cm thick, while the thickness of common houses is only more than 30 cm.
The roof and the ground are all covered with a 30 cm thick insulation layer, and the whole building seems to be in a warm bed.
According to calculations by professional organizations, the air-tightness coefficient of such passive energy-saving renovation measures reaches 0.6, while the air-tightness coefficient of traditional buildings is 10.
This means that even if there is a strong wind of grade 6 or 7 outside, people in the zero house standing by the window will not feel the cold wind coming in at all.
"We not only hope to achieve near-zero energy consumption, but also explore the technical paths and structural nodes of different structural systems to achieve near-zero energy consumption in the project. Therefore, brick-wood structures (reserved units), balsa wood structures, and modular structures (newly built Unit) Three structural systems. The fabricated modular unit adopts the SMART-6 light steel assembly unit structure system, with two insulation materials inside and outside to ensure the heat transfer coefficient and air tightness of the system. The structure and interior decoration are completed in the factory. The whole is transported to the site to complete the installation and exterior decoration." Ren Jun said.
So, will such a building be more boring; how to adjust the indoor temperature and airflow?
"This mainly depends on the operation and adjustment of the air source heat pump to achieve warm in winter and cool in summer, which is very energy-efficient." Ren Jun walked to the corner of the bookshelf in the study and said while demonstrating on a small touch screen display.
Finally, Ren Jun said: "In layman's terms, a near-zero energy building is designed to minimize heating, air conditioning, and lighting requirements through passive building design, and to maximize the efficiency of energy equipment and systems through active technical measures, and to make full use of renewable energy. To provide users with a comfortable indoor environment, the energy consumption level is lower than the national standard by more than 60%-75%. And we hope that through the transformation of the zero house, we can explore a low-cost, near-zero energy-consuming farm house to achieve The traditional architectural features of the house introduce new functions into the farm house, realize function conversion and rural revitalization, in order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the construction field."
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