Let the museum have a new "opening method"
——The National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference suggested how the New Era Museum should undertake the new mission
【Minshenghui】
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the development of my country's museum industry has achieved remarkable results.
The number of registered museums nationwide has increased from 4,692 to 5,788, which means that an average of one new museum is added every two days.
In 2020, museums across the country will hold more than 29,000 exhibitions and plan more than 225,000 educational activities. In the case of normalization of epidemic prevention and control and current limiting measures, they will still receive 540 million audiences, including 130 million minor audiences. "Museums" have become an important cultural lifestyle.
On May 24, 9 departments including the Central Propaganda Department and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Reform and Development of Museums."
On May 28, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference held a bi-weekly consultation forum on "Promoting the High-quality Development of Museums in the New Era".
To this end, from April 8 to 15 this year, some members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference went to Shanghai, Shaanxi and other places to conduct research.
The committee members believe that in the past, museums faced the question of "is there any", but nowadays, it is more about solving the question of "good or bad".
1. Combination of culture and education, a museum is a school
Visit China’s first set of stamps, "Dragon Stamps", draw brightly colored "Butterfly Stamps", put on professional attire to experience the "mail delivery life" of a postman... At the Longling Stamp Museum in Shenzhen, children are experiencing the "miniature encyclopedia" The unique charm of the whole book.
As the first stamp museum in China to be established on the campus of primary and secondary schools, Longling Stamp Museum cooperates with teachers of fine arts and Chinese studies from Longling School to develop museum-school cooperation courses based on experiential and participatory learning, and promote museums, primary and secondary schools. Combine education.
Moving the classroom into the museum is a realistic abstraction of the course. Compared with the book course, it is more popular, lively, and appealing. It can lead students to experience history and enhance aesthetics.
How to enhance the public education function of the museum is the focus of the committee members.
Through research, the committee members believe that it is necessary to promote the integration of museums with elementary and middle school education, play the role of "second classroom", and make museums an important place where children like to go, gain knowledge, and cultivate morality.
Facing the problem of low museums per school and per student, and uneven regional development, member Yuan Jing, a researcher at the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and dean of the Institute of Science and Technology Archaeology of Fudan University, suggested that some provinces, regions and cities should be encouraged to take the lead. First try to integrate museums with elementary and secondary education, and encourage elementary and secondary schools in pilot areas to cooperate with various museums based on the principle of integrating with school characteristics, the principle of prioritizing school projects, the principle of proximity and public welfare, and at the same time, “accelerate the digitalization of museums and the network The construction of intelligent, narrative, and visualized knowledge resources, and increase support for the network and information construction of rural primary and secondary schools, and use digital means to make museum education cover more rural primary and secondary school students."
How to give full play to the cultural education and social service functions of university museums has also attracted the attention of committee members.
As early as 2012, the National University Museum Education Alliance was established in Shanghai. It has attracted 111 universities to participate and receives more than 4.8 million visitors each year.
As a member of the Shandong University Museum, it is the only national first-class museum of history and archaeology among universities in the country. It has more than 40,000 cultural relics and specimens in its collections on the two campuses.
It plays a great role in recording school history, inheriting campus culture, and promoting discipline construction.
"Place university museums on the same level as university libraries and laboratories, raise the level of centralized management, and incorporate them into the overall construction system of universities." Committee member Lu Yongxuan, deputy director of Tianjin Art Museum, suggested that university museums clarify the concept of the museum and formulate diverse collection strategies. Improve the quality of exhibitions, improve the modernization level of operation management and the professionalization of the talent team.
2. Optimize the layout of the museum can rely on characteristics to "out of the circle"
In the museum town of Dayi County, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, there is a Jianchuan Museum settlement covering an area of 500 acres and a building area of nearly 100,000 square meters.
This non-state museum, founded in 1999, combines 32 themed venues on a cluster scale, including the Anti-Japanese War, the Long March of the Red Army, and earthquake relief, with a collection of more than 10 million items, including 4,790 national-level precious cultural relics.
Open the vibrato of Fan Jianchuan, the creator of the museum, and you can see a museum "enthusiast" and his beloved story.
In his opinion, the most important thing for non-state museums to enter the public’s field of vision is to be "interesting enough", attract visitors with vivid and diverse exhibits and theme exhibition halls, and expand their ideas, not only to record history, but also To record the present.
During the investigation, the village museum, which grew in the countryside and has its own earthy flavor, also attracted the attention of the committee members.
They carry the memory of the most primitive home.
Corroded hoe, yellowed food stamps, and bulky black-and-white televisions are all common objects among them, reflecting the changes of the times in Chinese rural society, and are the "metamorphosis" and "history of struggle" of a village.
The "Yellow River Rice Culture Museum" in Yuanyang County, Xinxiang City, Henan Province uses Yuanyang rice as an entry point to display rice stories with various physical collections, and has interactive experience halls such as rice wine workshops and rice vinegar workshops; Zanhuang, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province The county’s "original village home-made cloth museum" contains 100-year-old looms and 200-year-old spinning wheels, creating a cultural industrial park that combines traditional textiles and modern cloth industries. The museum in Zhangshantou Village, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province has not only Han Cultural relics unearthed from the tombs, as well as live performances of intangible cultural heritage such as paper-cutting, clay sculptures, and martial arts, and even a 90-year-old old man who witnessed the Battle of Taierzhuang spontaneously told tourists about the anti-Japanese story in Zhangshantou Village.
The Village Museum presents local characteristics in front of tourists with a down-to-earth appearance, and provides cultural supplements for the rural revitalization strategy.
More and more non-state-owned museums and rural museums that are "interesting" and "fun" like this "out of the circle" have emerged. They reflect the characteristics of the industry, regional characteristics, and memories of the times, and become beneficial to the existing museum system. supplement.
The rural museum is "the concretization of memory, the vividness of homesickness, and the characteristic of cultural roots. It must be promoted as a whole from the strategic height of rural revitalization and rural cultural development", introduced by Member Yang Andi, Director of the Department of Culture and Tourism of Jilin Province, In the five years since Jilin Province launched the "Jilin Imprint-Village Museum" project, a total of 91 rural museums have been built in the province. They are reshaping the people's understanding of the cultural heritage of their hometown and helping people in borders and ethnic areas to correctly understand nationalities and ethnic groups (family) The relationship between migration history and local culture has played an active role in clarifying vague historical issues and correcting the source.
Commissioner Xu Yanan, deputy mayor of Ningbo Municipal People's Government in Zhejiang Province, believes that priority should be given to encouraging the establishment of special non-state museums with category characteristics, industry characteristics, folk customs characteristics, and cultural heritage protection.
Optimizing the layout of museum development, changing the current situation of the large number of comprehensive and historical traditional museums, and the underdevelopment of thematic museums has become another focus of the committee's attention.
They suggested that we should take the road of distinctive and differentiated development, and work hard on "specialization" and "precision" to overcome the low-level, homogenous, and "one-sided" phenomenon.
3. Connotation development The only way for the development of museums
During the epidemic, Douyin launched the “Traveling to the Museum at Home” activity, cooperating with 9 major first-class museums including the National Museum of China, connecting the museum’s collection of audio, video and VR materials to the platform, and leading audiences across the country to appreciate the fine collections through live broadcast.
When traditional culture and modern technology merge, the museum is given new life and has a brand new "opening method".
During the investigation, the research team saw that as the promotion and application of new technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence in museums is accelerating, the theme of museum exhibitions has become more distinctive, the content continues to expand, and the modernization and intelligence of museums continue to improve.
Accelerate the construction of smart museums and the construction of digital systems, promote the open sharing of cultural relics information resources, and use technology to "light up" museums, which has become the only way for the development of museums in the new era.
In addition to the empowerment of new technologies, some committee members also proposed that the new era of museums should take the road of connotative development, use new management concepts, strengthen museum research capabilities, deeply explore and interpret the contemporary value and world significance of collections, and improve the knowledge of exhibitions and displays. Sex and interest make the museum "live".
"Increase resource sharing, through the establishment of scientific research information management platforms, break through the barriers between museums and museums and between museums and society, increase cooperation between museums and universities, scientific research institutions, and cultural enterprises, and promote culture, technology, and culture. Integrate development with art, culture and tourism.” Hou Ningbin, director of the Shaanxi History Museum, proposed to enhance scientific research capabilities to promote the high-quality development of the museum, broaden and optimize the museum’s international exchange path, establish and improve collection management, scientific and technological protection, display and exhibition, social education, Comprehensive exchange training system for cultural communication and cultural industry.
Commissioner Wang Yamin, former executive vice president of the Palace Museum, discovered during his investigation and long-term work in museums that the museum has long “adhered to” the traditional concept of its main business, and “looks above” on the booming tourism industry.
Most state-owned museums are classified as the first category of public welfare and rely solely on state financial support; museums that are already in the second category of public welfare are also actively striving to enter the ranks of the first category of public welfare.
"The reason for this situation is that the museum itself has insufficient confidence in'living' and insufficient ability to generate income independently." He suggested using innovative mechanisms to make museum operations alive, "implement the policy that museum practitioners enjoy scientific and technological innovation support. , To enhance the motivation and vitality of museum people who want to work, be able to work, and do things."
As a major museum country, the growth rate of the number of museums in my country and the level of hardware have ranked among the top in the world. However, to take the road of connotation development, talents are needed to support it.
The latest statistics show that the current number of museum employees in my country should be around 170,000.
At present, the total number of college museum graduates in the country has only reached 1/10 of the above-mentioned demand.
The master's degree in arts and sciences, which cultivates high-level practical talents in museums, enrolls about 500 students every year, and the average counterpart employment rate is only 49.95%.
Member An Laishun, a professor at the School of Letters of Shanghai University and vice chairman of the International Association of Museums, has some concerns. He called for the establishment of a three-dimensional museum professional talent training system to support and foster the development of museum disciplines.
(Our reporter Yu Haiping, our correspondent Du Yuxin)