Ensuring "safety on the tip of the tongue": these ten highly toxic pesticides will be phased out in batches soon
◎Our reporter Ma Aiping
The pass rate of routine monitoring of the quality and safety of agricultural products in my country has remained above 97% for six consecutive years, showing a steady and positive development trend overall.
However, the hidden dangers of agricultural product quality and safety represented by excessive pesticide and veterinary drug residues still exist in some regions and some varieties.
Recently, seven departments including the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the State Administration for Market Supervision have jointly launched the three-year action to "control illegal drug residues and promote the improvement" of edible agricultural products, and phased out the existing 10 highly toxic pesticides, especially the detection of residues on vegetables. Many highly toxic pesticides are eliminated first.
"These 10 highly toxic pesticides are phorate, hydrocarbophos, omethoate, carbofuran, methomyl, methafenphos, isofenphos-methyl, aldicarb, chloropicrin, and phosphatide. Aluminum.” Ma Youxiang, deputy minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that in the next step, we will increase sampling inspections, strengthen rapid testing technology, and strive to spend about 3 years. The problem of illegal use of banned and restricted drugs is basically solved, and the problem of excessive conventional agricultural and veterinary drug residues is effective. contain.
The use of highly toxic pesticides poses great safety risks
"Based on the current unreasonable use of pesticides in some areas of our country, the use of highly toxic pesticides poses great safety risks. At present, these 10 eliminated pesticides are mainly organophosphorus pesticides, which are used as broad-spectrum insecticides, fungicides, and pesticides. Nematode agents can also enter humans and animals through the mouth, nose, skin and other parts." Zhang Bo, an associate researcher at the Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told a reporter from Science and Technology Daily.
Since the organophosphorus polymer is not easy to decompose and is difficult to be degraded by microorganisms, it stays in the environment for a long time and is harmful to the environment. Its greatest risk is to damage other non-target organisms in the environment, and to harm people's health through toxin enrichment in the food chain. .
"The main reason for phasing out these 10 pesticides can be attributed to high ecological risks and unreasonable use. Scientific unified management and application are effective ways to solve the problem of highly toxic pesticides. Both'toxicity' and'dose' need to be considered at the same time. ." Zhang Bo said.
At present, my country has a large number of low-efficiency alternative pesticides that can be used for the prevention and control of target diseases and insect pests.
"Including new organophosphates, neonicotinoids, biological pesticides, etc., such as imidacloprid, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, carbofuran, thiodimethan, abamectin, bacillus thuringiensis, chlorflubenzuron, etc. They are all good substitutes. In addition, biological control of natural enemies will gradually become an alternative to chemical pesticide control in the future for sustainable pest control." Zhang Bo introduced.
Strengthen scientific and technological innovation, research and create green and efficient pesticides
How can we completely solve the problem of pesticide residues?
In this regard, Li Zhaojun, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Regional Planning of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said in an interview with a reporter from Science and Technology Daily that the first is to strengthen scientific and technological innovation and carry out research and creation of green and efficient pesticides.
Carry out R&D and innovation of green inputs, promote the application of new high-efficiency and low-risk pesticides, and further promote the replacement of chemical pesticides with high-efficiency and low-risk pesticides.
The second is to accelerate the development and promotion of scientific pesticide application technology.
Vigorously promote green prevention and control and precise scientific drug use, timely and accurately forecast disease and insect status, promote high-efficiency plant protection medicine equipment, promote standard control, symptomatic drug use, and timely and appropriate drug use.
"The third is to improve the efficiency of pesticide application through professional services. The professional service organization for integrated control of pests and diseases is booming, reducing personal dripping, and improving the efficiency of fertilizer use. The fourth is to strengthen publicity and guidance to improve the level of scientific drug use. Organize scientific and technical personnel Formulate pesticide reduction technical plans by region and crop, innovate propaganda methods, strengthen propaganda, and improve the acceptance of farmers and new business entities, so that they can effectively master the key techniques for pesticide reduction and avoid excessive and blind use of pesticides." Li Zhaojun said.
Ma Youxiang pointed out that the next step is to focus on the conventional drugs for cowpea, leeks and other agricultural products, and to develop a batch of quick test methods and products that are convenient to carry, quick to use, and accurate in results, so as to achieve quick extraction, quick inspection, and quick results to provide safe listing. Guaranteed.
(Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, June 16th)