The six sacrificial pits of Sanxingdui have extracted 534 important cultural relics such as ivory, bronze, gold, jade and nearly 2,000 pieces of broken cultural relics. The theme activity of "Entering Sanxingdui and Understanding Chinese Civilization" was held in Guanghan City, Deyang, Sichuan. A series of archaeological results were announced. Among them, the "national treasure" bronze figure of the top cultural relic with a total height of 1.15 meters and a "one with respect for human beings" was "appeared" for the first time.

  How to protect this batch of unearthed cultural relics?

“The protection of unearthed cultural relics is divided into the emergency protection stage and the subsequent restoration stage of cultural relics. The cultural relics in Sanxingdui are now in the emergency protection stage.” said Xie Zhenbin, director of the Cultural Relics Protection Center of the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. The Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and related units have already Jointly formulate a number of emergency protection systems for cultural relics, and put a "protective cover" on the cultural relics of Sanxingdui.

Excavation of precise detection technology

  At present, the extraction of ivory in pits 3 and 4 has been basically completed; in pit 8, various fragments of sacred trees, gold objects, and copper masks have been found in the ash layer of nearly 20 cm; a newly unearthed golden mask fragment, ears and mouth The outline of is clearly visible... Approaching the Sanxingdui archaeological excavation site, various archaeological work is proceeding in an orderly manner.

In order to realize the protection of cultural relics in archaeology, Sanxingdui Archaeology pioneered the exploratory working cabin. The “transparent glass” on the four sides of the cabin used for on-site excavation work seems unremarkable, but it is equipped with a small frequency conversion environment control system, Archaeological operating systems and equipment with different functions such as high-pressure micro-mist humidification system, acquisition system and full video recording system.

  On the left front outside Pit 4 of the excavation site, there is a row of cultural preservation work "huts" full of technological elements.

"This is an emergency protection platform. It has an emergency detection and analysis room, an organic cultural relics emergency protection room, an inorganic cultural relics emergency protection room, and a micro-mark cultural relics emergency protection room, etc." Li Sifan, archaeological staff member of the Cultural Relics Protection Center of Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Say.

  In the emergency monitoring and analysis room, there are small portable instruments for on-site detection and analysis. If archaeologists want to learn about the materials of unearthed cultural relics or obtain more information, they will conduct inspections here.

In addition, for cultural relics of different materials, archaeological staff will carry out protection and treatment in the organic cultural relics emergency protection room and the inorganic cultural relics emergency protection room.

  What is the difference between the two?

Relevant staff members said that organic materials are cultural relics similar to ivory, seashells, lacquerware, fur, etc., while inorganic materials include gold and silverware, copperware and jadeware.

  According to the on-site staff, the extraction of ivory from the sacrificial pits No. 3 and 4 has been basically completed. The next step will be to excavate numerous exposed bronze wares.

New technologies for emergency protection reveal the "true colors" of cultural relics

  According to the on-site archaeological staff, the emergency protection and treatment of cultural relics are mainly divided into three steps: the reinforcement of cultural relics on site before they are unearthed, observation and simple cleaning after unearthed, and packaging and storage of cultural relics.

At present, the cultural relics in Sanxingdui are in the stage of emergency protection.

(Li Di Chen Ke)