How has our life changed in the first anniversary of garbage sorting?
Cui Xiangwen, the garbage sorting instructor of the teachers' dormitory in Dacheng Lane, Xicheng District.
Garbage sorting instructor in the four districts of Zifangyuan.
Used clothing recycling bins in Xinyijiayuan District.
The sorted trash bin of Zhang Shufang's house.
Smart trash can in Xinyijiayuan district.
In the past year, Zhao Bing, who lives in Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, has set a rule for his family to cook daily meals as much as possible, and refuse to leave the house without sorting garbage. In Dongcheng Xinyi Homeland, resident Zhang Shufang’s home is stepped on. The granddaughter said that you don’t need to bend over when you throw the garbage. In the fourth district of Zifangyuan, Fengtai District, Ms. Wang, a resident, was stopped by her daughter when she was throwing garbage. “The teacher said that corn kernels are not kitchen waste, but something else. Rubbish," my daughter told her.
Garbage sorting is changing the lives of Beijingers little by little.
On May 1 this year, the newly revised "Regulations on the Management of Domestic Waste in Beijing" came into effect for the first anniversary.
According to statistics from the Beijing Municipal Management Committee, the current awareness rate of garbage classification among Beijing residents has reached 98%, the participation rate has reached 90%, and the accurate delivery rate is around 85%.
Compared with before the implementation of the "Regulations", the average daily separation of household kitchen waste has increased by 11.6 times, and the separation of recyclables has increased by 46%.
However, the first anniversary of the implementation of the "Regulations" is not the end, and Beijing's waste management is ushering in a new beginning.
Changed lifestyle
Since the implementation of the new garbage classification regulations in Beijing on May 1 last year, 74-year-old Zhang Shufang has changed many living habits.
Every day at 8 o'clock in the morning, she would carry a cloth bag for grocery shopping, and go downstairs carrying the food waste, other garbage and courier boxes that had been sorted and bagged.
It has been her habit for many years to throw out trash when going out to buy vegetables. The difference is that she now sorts the trash.
“There are special garbage bins for kitchen waste and other garbage. The recyclables are packed in plastic bags. There is less harmful garbage, and they are placed in tin boxes. In order to make my wife and children bend over, my granddaughter also bought a stepped open lid. Food waste bins." Zhang Shufang said.
There is a set of trash can stations in front of the corridor. Zhang Shufang pulls the rope above the lid to open the trash can and put the garbage into the corresponding bucket.
Occasionally, she will throw garbage at the smart trash can station on the east side of the community to earn points, which can be exchanged for daily necessities such as soap and toilet paper.
Today, she has accumulated more than two thousand points on her score card.
With the advancement of garbage sorting, more changes appear around people.
When going to the vegetable market to buy vegetables, Zhang Shufang found that disposable plastic bags were no longer free, the rotten vegetable leaves on the ground were cleaned up, there were more sorting trash cans in vegetable farms and supermarkets, and garbage sorting tips were posted on the walls.
In the fourth district of Zifangyuan, Fengtai District, new sorting bins were replaced, and instructors and volunteers were added to guard the bin stations and sort garbage.
Resident Ms. Jia recalled that the scene of mosquitoes flying indiscriminately in the summer was gone. Sometimes, students from nearby primary schools would come to the community as volunteers.
"Now the atmosphere of garbage sorting in the community is very strong. This is a good thing for the people, and it is really not a heavy burden. The living environment has improved, I think it is worth it." Ms. Jia said.
Over the past year, Zhao Bing, a retired teacher who lives in Building 129, Xizhimen Nanxiao Street, has developed the habit of "CD-ROM" with his family, and the kitchen waste at home has been reduced by nearly half compared to before.
Sometimes the little granddaughter would ask after eating, "Grandma, I have a'CD' again today, is it great?" Zhao Bing would praise the little granddaughter every time.
Zhao Bing feels that although the garbage classification is a small matter, it cannot be done because it is small. "The green water and the green mountains are the golden mountains and the silver mountains, and the garbage classification is also the golden mountains and the silver mountains."
According to statistics from the Beijing Municipal Urban Management Committee, since the implementation of the newly revised "Beijing Municipal Domestic Waste Management Regulations" one year ago, the city has created 835 demonstration communities and villages, accounting for about 5% of the total number of communities and villages.
The separation rate of household kitchen waste increased from 1.41% before the implementation of the Regulations and stabilized at around 20%, and the recycling rate of household waste reached 37.5%.
Trash can
Since the implementation of the new regulations on waste classification, Beijing has carried out the “on-duty in front of the bucket” operation throughout the city. The instructor in front of the bucket is responsible for guiding and supervising the source classification of residents, and is the “gatekeeper” at the first gate of the community's garbage classification.
At 7 o'clock every morning, three garbage sorting instructors will always appear on time by the garbage can station of the teachers' dormitory in Dacheng Lane, Xicheng District.
They pinned a green armband on their sleeves, and when they saw someone coming with a garbage bag, they stepped forward to take the inspection, and tactfully "nagged" the residents who were not properly classified.
Cui Xiangwen, 78 years old this year, is an old resident of the teachers' dormitory and also a garbage sorting instructor in this community.
Although he moved to live in Daxing District 5 years ago, he still voluntarily comes to the trash can station in the teachers' dormitory from 7 to 9 in the morning almost every morning.
"I have lived here for nearly 30 years and have special feelings for this place." Cui Xiangwen said.
In 1996, Dachengxiang Teachers Dormitory Hospital became one of the first communities in Beijing to experiment with waste sorting.
And Cui Xiangwen has become a witness to the development of waste sorting in Dacheng Lane teachers’ dormitory and even Beijing.
That year, a teacher in the community introduced the experience of foreign garbage classification into the teachers’ dormitory. In December of that year, several retired teachers in the community wrote "A Letter to Residents" on a small blackboard at the door of the Family Committee, calling for Residents sorted out garbage.
Initially, the community bought three large trash cans, affixed them with different signs, and put in recyclable garbage, plastic foam and scrap metal respectively. This became the starting point for garbage classification in the teacher dormitory, and it has been uninterrupted for 25 years.
In 2006, Cui Xiangwen served as the director of the community family committee. Since then, he has been involved in guiding residents' garbage classification for 15 years.
"After retiring, I will continue to be a garbage sorting instructor. It makes me feel that I have something to do. It is also an education and promotion for myself." Cui Xiangwen said that as long as they stand by the bucket, they can have a monitoring effect.
In addition to the instructor in front of the trash can, there are also environmental protection social organizations.
Tang Yingying is the head of an environmental protection social organization in Shijingshan District. Since quitting her job from university in 2018, she has devoted herself to the field of environmental protection as a full-time job.
In her view, social organizations can make up for the shortcomings of community waste management.
"Waste sorting is a process of organically combining system hard constraints and cultural soft constraints. Many communities hope to do a good job of sorting garbage. However, due to their weak strength, lack of mastery of methods, lack of economic capacity, etc., the'unable to meet the policy', the society Organizations can help communities'a hand'."
Tang Yingying said that many environmental protection social organizations have carried out many explorations and experiments across the country. This allows social organizations to assist neighborhood committees and properties in garbage classification, provide action plans, and help mobilize, recruit, and train different groups of people in the community to participate in voluntary services.
For example, she said that in many communities, property cleaners also serve as garbage sorting instructors. “But cleaners are property service providers. When facing residents who are not classified according to regulations, they are sometimes embarrassed to stand up and persuade them.” Therefore, they are training communities. In the process of the instructor, they attach great importance to the training of communication skills, accompany them in front of the bucket, and demonstrate with practice.
Since the implementation of the "Regulations" for one year, the city's garbage classification has been implemented fiercely. Cui Xiangwen feels that the willingness and level of classification of community residents has increased by a level, which is directly reflected in his sorting workload.
A year ago, he spent nearly two hours a day sorting out the garbage thrown by residents by mistake. Now it has been reduced to 40 to 50 minutes.
There are more than 400 residents in the teacher dormitory. Cui Xiangwen estimates that 90% of the residents are currently involved in garbage classification.
In addition, the number of residents who signed up as garbage sorting volunteers has increased from more than 30 a year ago to 51.
Although the volunteers are not responsible for the cleaning of the bucket station and the garbage sorting, they wear volunteer clothes and walk around in the community to supervise, which plays an important role in creating a garbage sorting atmosphere.
Cui Xiangwen feels that the popularization of garbage sorting will help improve residents' environmental literacy, and also make everyone realize that resources are limited and food should be saved.
"However, compared with the 1950s and 1960s, the current living conditions can be said to be celebrating the New Year every day. It is even more difficult to talk about saving food in the rich era." He once saw a bag of moldy steamed buns in the trash can. Someone threw a whole chicken, and by the Mid-Autumn Festival, there will be a lot of moon cakes in the kitchen waste bin.
This makes Cui Xiangwen, who has experienced hard times, feel a little uncomfortable.
He felt that in terms of resource conservation, it was necessary to strengthen publicity and guidance.
A training for urban management
"Waste sorting is not just about garbage sorting." 15 years of garbage sorting guidance and the experience of serving as the director of the community family committee gave Cui Xiangwen another level of understanding of waste sorting.
In his view, the promotion of waste sorting interacts with community governance.
On the one hand, the level of community governance and the relationship between the community, property managers and residents largely determine the difficulty of implementing garbage classification.
"Waste sorting is like an examination of the level of community governance."
On the other hand, the promotion of garbage classification also affects community governance.
What should I do if I encounter residents who do not cooperate?
How to persuade the residents without causing conflicts?
Cui Xiangwen believes that the development of waste classification requires community workers to "go down" more, making it a bridge of communication.
Because the instructor and cleaning staff meet with residents every day, Cui Xiangwen has become an old acquaintance in the community. Many young residents will call "Grandpa Cui" when they see him. Some residents enthusiastically bring some food to the instructor and cleaning staff when they go downstairs. .
"When the relationship becomes familiar, all kinds of work can be carried out better."
Looking higher, the development of the new version of garbage classification has also prompted changes in Beijing's urban management.
Li Rugang, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Committee of Urban Management, made an analogy, “A person eats food every day, digests and absorbs it through the stomach and intestines, and then discharges the last part. In the entire city operation system, garbage disposal belongs to the discharge system.” However, in Beijing. In the large urban system, the refined management of domestic waste has directly affected the front end.
Li Rugang said that since the implementation of the "Regulations" for one year, the coordination and linkage between various departments, districts, streets and communities has produced a "1+1>2" effect due to the implementation of garbage classification.
"After the promulgation of the "Regulations", the Beijing Municipal Government formulated an action plan, established the Beijing Municipal Domestic Waste Classification Promotion Work Headquarters, established a garbage classification'one office and ten groups', and established a working mechanism for meetings, information, supervision, and inspections, and coordinated Promote the development of garbage classification to solve'difficult and miscellaneous diseases'." Li Rugang said.
Since garbage classification involves many departments, each department has also clarified the division of responsibilities.
For example, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-rural Development organized property management units to implement garbage classification requirements, and the Civil Affairs Bureau coordinated community organizations to carry out pre-duty actions for garbage classification bins.
Through the large platform of the headquarters, the treatment of urban domestic waste and garden waste has been further opened up, and the overall cooperation between cities and rural areas has been deepened.
"The particularity of waste classification is that it is not done by a single individual or a single department, but requires the cooperation of the entire group." Li Rugang said that in the past year, government departments and communities have formed in the process of waste classification practice and running-in. The mutual cooperation between neighbors and the atmosphere of working for the same charity goal are precious, and the level of social civilization has also been improved in the implementation of garbage classification.
Sun Baiying, a professor at the School of Public Administration of Renmin University of China, believes that in the long run, government coordination, social organization and public participation will be the only way for Beijing to achieve normalization and institutionalization of waste management in the future.
At the same time, with the help of waste management, the level of refined management at the grassroots level in Beijing will also be improved. For a super large city, this is a rare opportunity for experience.
A "difficulty"
"While seeing the results, we must also be soberly aware of the problems and gaps." At the first anniversary of the implementation of the "Regulations" at the end of April this year, Zhang Yan, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Urban Management Committee, said that at present, residents are classified independently Habits have not yet been fully developed, and there are still relatively large differences in garbage classification between regions and communities, and "secondary sorting" still exists within a certain range.
In the third district of Fangxingyuan, Fengtai District, due to the large area of the community and the large number of trash bin stations, each garbage sorting instructor must guard at least two sets of bin stations. The instructor is under pressure to "sort twice" garbage every day.
The instructor, Master Zhang, is on duty for 10 hours a day, and more than half of the time he spends more than half of his time sorting out the garbage that the residents have thrown by mistake.
"The food waste removal truck comes every morning, and the garbage building strictly checks the food waste brought from the community. If the food waste bins are obviously mixed, they will be returned to the community for re-sorting."
In the rest of the time, Master Zhang cleans residential buildings and community roads as a cleaner.
The property will give an additional subsidy of more than 1,000 yuan to the cleaning staff in charge of garbage sorting every month. However, Master Zhang felt that compared with the workload of sorting garbage, this subsidy was not high. Several instructors he knew felt that Too hard to resign.
Zhang Yan said that in the process of rapid increase in the amount of household kitchen waste separation, the "secondary sorting" caused by incomplete classification of residents is unavoidable.
Although the "secondary sorting" objectively played a positive role in the subsequent waste sorting and processing, the purpose of implementing waste sorting is to involve the whole society and develop the habit of independent sorting. Therefore, the "secondary sorting" is contrary to The original intention of garbage sorting is not sustainable.
She believes that to solve the "secondary sorting" problem, the fundamental measure is to let residents do a good job of source classification.
Specifically, residents, as the generators of garbage, are the main persons responsible for garbage classification. The new version of the "Regulations" has made clear responsibilities, and it is necessary to further guide and mobilize residents to consciously assume the responsibility of classification.
Some residents can provide conveniences if they have difficulties, such as the guidance of guards and volunteers in front of the bucket, and the establishment of convenient facilities at the bucket station. The Beijing Municipal Urban Management Committee also launched a small program for garbage classification last year to facilitate residents to inquire about the specific types of garbage.
"It takes a relatively long process for citizens to develop the habit of sorting and distributing it. It is necessary to establish a long-term mechanism and prepare for long-term work." Wang Weidong, a researcher at the Capital Development and Strategy Research Institute of Renmin University of China, suggested that in the future, Beijing's domestic waste management should be further "Mending shortcomings, plugging loopholes, and preventing slackness" can encourage citizens to report problems in a timely manner by encouraging "hands-on shooting" and expanding reporting channels.
At the same time, the government can entrust a third-party specialized agency to conduct continuous and comprehensive random inspections on the classification and placement of domestic waste in various communities in the city, so as to discover and solve existing problems in time.
In order to improve the classification of residents, Wang Weidong also suggested that surveillance cameras should be installed at the garbage disposal sites for supervision.
Penalties should be imposed on violations of garbage disposal regulations, but it is not recommended to use fines as the main means, and more soft punishments such as criticism and exposure in the community bulletin board should be adopted.
new start
"The first anniversary of the implementation of the "Regulations" is not the end of garbage classification, but a new starting point." Zhang Yan said at the press conference.
Strengthening scientific management, forming a long-term mechanism, and promoting habit formation are still the three key elements for Beijing to promote waste classification in the future.
According to Zhang Yan, in the future, garbage classification in Beijing will focus on consolidating and improving the level of independent classification of citizens’ families. Through measures such as bucket station duty, door-to-door guidance, red and black lists, and urban management law enforcement into the community, it will promote the development of citizens’ autonomous classification habits and promote the reduction of garbage sources the amount.
Beijing will further improve the classification facility network, optimize the placement of various types of waste, accelerate the construction of a recyclables system, and standardize the collection and transportation of bulky waste and decoration waste.
In addition, we have carried out in-depth special treatment of waste removal and transportation in a timely manner, and tracked and supervised the top 20 neighborhoods and towns in terms of demand.
"The treatment of domestic waste is a'critical trivial matter', and it is also a comprehensive review of Beijing's grassroots governance capabilities." In Sun Baiying's view, domestic waste management is a kind of co-production embedded in the grassroots governance platform, and it is not limited to a spatial sense. The jurisdictions and territories of the company are also a platform for effectively organizing and mobilizing various resources such as science and technology, commerce, public welfare, and civic organizations.
She believes that in addition to laws and systems, domestic waste management also relies on the collective actions of various actors under consensus.
Whether from the perspective of government mobilization or resource utilization, different organizations have their own advantages, and the treatment of domestic waste requires multiple subjects to participate in collaborative production.
For example, Sun Baiying, the government can purchase services to allow professional social organizations to manage community waste sorting affairs, and can also hire a team of experts to provide solutions to difficult problems in waste management.
Tang Yingying's ideas coincided with Sun Baiying's.
She believes that social organizations are also "insiders." In waste management, social organizations, as collaborators, supporters and companions of the community, and the community jointly meet the challenges and establish a sustainable waste management system.
Such "insiders" need more in the future.
Sun Baiying said that to improve the sustainability of Beijing's domestic waste governance through multiple co-governance at the grassroots level, can multiple co-governance be able to adapt to the uncertainty, complexity and cross-border nature of modern metropolitan governance.
On the basis of good governance, it is necessary to improve governance methods and tap the motivation of participants.
"When the concept of rules, trust and reciprocity take root in people's hearts, waste sorting can be sustainable."
B10-B11 edition writing/photographing Beijing News reporter Huang Zhecheng