Xinhua All Media+丨Nearly 50% of cancers are preventable and controllable. Please keep this anti-cancer advice

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 19 -

Problem: Nearly half of cancers can be prevented, controlled, this anti-cancer suggestions. Please keep it

  Xinhua News Agency reporters Lin Miaomiao and Bao Xiaojing

  In recent years, the overall standardized survival rate of cancer patients in my country has increased significantly, but due to factors such as population aging and lifestyle changes, the incidence and mortality of some cancers are still increasing.

  On the occasion of the 27th Cancer Prevention and Treatment Publicity Week, Xinhua News Agency reporters interviewed many authoritative experts in the field of cancer prevention and treatment in my country and learned that there are many reasons for the high mortality and rising incidence of some cancer diseases in my country. The patient's failure to diagnose and treat early has led to "small illnesses procrastinating and serious illnesses procrastinating."

  Experts remind that the risk of cancer is all around us, such as smoking and second-hand smoke, drinking alcohol, not paying attention to personal protection leading to virus infection, lack of exercise habits, etc., cancer prevention should start from the daily routine.

Illness comes from the mouth, a healthy diet is very important

  In January this year, the He Jie team, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the National Cancer Center, and director of the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Center the statistics on cancer incidence and death in China in 2015: my country has 392.9 new cases of cancer. The total death toll was 2.338 million. The incidence of gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer and other cancers has declined, while the burden of diseases such as colon cancer and breast cancer caused by the westernization of lifestyles has continued to increase.

  Experts pointed out that the number one type of cancer in China is lung cancer among men and breast cancer among women. Lung cancer is still the cancer with the highest mortality rate in my country.

In recent years, the mortality of traditional cancers, such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and lung cancer with high incidence and poor prognosis, has decreased.

The mortality rate of other cancers is still rising, such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer.

  About 30% of cancer incidences are related to diet. The National Cancer Center recently released the "Guidelines for Family Cancer Prevention" that by changing bad lifestyles, about 45% of cancers can be effectively prevented. Therefore, it can be said that cancer prevention " Sometimes the key is in our own hands.

  He Jie emphasized that my country’s diet is diverse and geographically different, but on the whole, there is a problem of insufficient intake of fresh vegetables and fruits, which increases the risk of oropharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and lung cancer.

At present, the healthier “Mediterranean diet” based on vegetables, fruits, fish, whole grains, beans and olive oil is recognized in the world. It can reduce inflammation, enhance the body’s antioxidant capacity, and reduce cancer and heart disease. The risk of a variety of chronic diseases such as vascular disease.

To prevent cancer, we must stay away from "bad temptations" and risk factors

  The interviewed experts said that the occurrence of cancer is affected by genetics and the environment, but there are also some controllable factors that are believed to greatly reduce the risk of cancer.

Studies have found that smoking and lung cancer, hepatitis B and C virus infections and liver cancer, persistent Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer, HPV infection and cervical cancer are related to a certain degree, so stay away from cigarettes and other "bad temptations" and other dangers in daily life. Factors, and timely and targeted screening can greatly reduce the risk of cancer.

  Smoking is the most important risk factor for lung cancer-the "Cancer Prevention and Screening Guidelines (Science Edition)" issued by the National Cancer Center shows that more than 80% of lung cancer patients have a history of smoking.

About a quarter of deaths caused by cancer in my country are related to smoking. Tobacco control is the most economical and effective anti-cancer measure.

According to experts, in addition to smoking and second-hand smoke, benzene, formaldehyde, radon and other decoration materials pollution, as well as kitchen fumes, etc., are all risk factors that can induce lung cancer. When cooking at home, the range hood should be turned on and indoor ventilation should be maintained. Reduce cooking methods such as stir-frying and frying.

  "my country is still a big country with hepatitis B, and chronic hepatitis B virus infection is the most important factor in the occurrence of liver cancer. Eight to ninety percent of all patients with primary liver cancer have hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection." Deputy Director, National Cancer Center, Chinese Medicine Cai Jianqiang, deputy dean of the Cancer Hospital of the Academy of Sciences, said that there are differences in eating habits and economic levels in different regions. For example, long-term consumption of moist, pickled food in some coastal areas is likely to contain carcinogens such as nitrite and aflatoxin.

If combined with hepatitis B virus infection, it will increase the risk of liver cancer.

  Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers and one of the few cancers that can be prevented by vaccines.

"The HPV vaccine has the best effect before sexual life, and adolescents should be the key population." Bi Hui, chief physician of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, said that the bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccine is approved for women aged 9 to 45. , The nine-valent HPV vaccine is suitable for women between 16 and 26 years old. At present, there are not many outpatients who see parents taking their daughters to vaccinate.

In addition, even if vaccinated, people of the right age need to pay attention to regular cervical screening.

Screening and early diagnosis and treatment are the most effective and economical cancer prevention methods

  "The difference between early and late cancer detection is huge, and it may even be the difference between life and death." Bi Xiaofeng, deputy chief physician of the Cancer Prevention and Medical Examination Center of the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, said that compared with 10 years ago, my country's overall cancer 5-year survival rate has increased significantly.

According to data released by the National Cancer Center, the overall 5-year cancer survival rate in my country has risen from 30.9% in 2003 to 2005 to 40.5% in 2012 to 2015.

This is inseparable from the strengthening of screening and early diagnosis and treatment in recent years, the improvement of treatment technology, and the application of new drugs.

  Bi Xiaofeng said that, especially with the continuous improvement of scientific literacy, the continuous enhancement of public health concepts and awareness of cancer prevention, and the increasing demand for physical examinations, these are the basis for reducing the incidence and mortality of cancer.

  It is reported that in 2012, the Ministry of Finance and the then Ministry of Health took the "Urban Cancer Early Diagnosis and Treatment Project" as a new major national medical reform project and a major national public health service project. At present, more than 4.82 million health education and questionnaire surveys have been completed. , Assessed 2.11 million cases of high-risk groups of five major types of cancer, screened 1.21 million cases, and a total of about 110,000 positive lesions. By detecting positive, early cancer and precancerous lesions, the survival rate of patients was improved.

  According to statistics, as of April 2020, the rural cancer early diagnosis and treatment project has covered 263 counties and cities across the country, screened more than 2.8 million rural high-risk groups, found more than 55,000 patients, and had an early diagnosis rate of 79.6%.

Experts say that in recent years, the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer in areas where the rural cancer early diagnosis and treatment project has been implemented has shown a downward trend.

In the next 10 years, the project will cover all rural areas, promote early diagnosis and early treatment suitable technologies through 5G, artificial intelligence and other means, improve the diagnosis and treatment capabilities of primary hospitals, and change the current situation of mainly advanced tumors.

  “Many people from the beginning did not pay attention to it, did not understand, to benefit from it, and are very grateful.” said Tao Xianbing, head of the health department of the North Branch of the Central Hospital of Xiaomiao Town, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, Xiaomiao Community from 2017 He began to participate in the “Urban Cancer Early Diagnosis and Treatment Project” and has completed nearly 3,800 questionnaires so far. A total of dozens of cancer patients have been screened, and many patients with positive lesions have been treated in time except for some advanced patients. (Participated in writing: Xia Ke, Chen Xiyuan)