【Explanation】Traffic navigation, logistics delivery, location query, satellite positioning services continue to penetrate into all aspects of social life, from people’s food, clothing, housing, transportation, to the comprehensive management of a city, and even the development and construction of a country, are inseparable from the space in which they are located Accurate cognition.
At present, a "three-dimensional spatial-temporal database" of natural resources covering China's land has been fully completed. It not only finds out the state of China's natural resources, but also realizes the visual display and service application of various natural resources in three-dimensional.
Recently, a reporter from China News Agency walked into the National Basic Geographic Information Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources to learn about the stories behind these monitoring data.
[Concurrent] Gao Ying, researcher of the database department of the National Basic Geographic Information Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources
This data result covers the whole country and has been for many years. It should be the most accurate database in our country so far. So its biggest feature is its large volume, reaching the PB level (million G). It should be unique in China.
[Explanation] On the land of more than 9.6 million square kilometers in China, people have built mountains and soil, planted trees, built houses, animal husbandry, fishery, farming and mining... The natural landscape, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, as a life community, have always shared with humanity. .
Accurate positioning is undoubtedly a prerequisite for natural resource survey and monitoring, and it also lays a technical foundation for serving social life, economic development, and ecological protection.
[Concurrent] Chen Jun, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and professor of the National Basic Geographic Information Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources
The investigation and monitoring of natural resources is still very complicated. Because nature is closely integrated with human activities, natural resources are dynamic and constantly changing, and they are three-dimensional.
In fact, it puts high demands on survey and monitoring technology.
[Explanation] From the traditional two-dimensional plane illustration to the three-dimensional space; from the data of a single year, through to the year-by-year change display.
To accurately locate various natural resources, being able to "see clearly" is the first step, and the ability to acquire satellite remote sensing images is crucial.
[Concurrent] Zhou Xu, Director of the Geographical Situation Monitoring Department, National Basic Geographic Information Center, Ministry of Natural Resources
China has a vast territory, and the geographical conditions between the east and the north are extremely large. Especially in the southern region, it is cloudy and foggy. To achieve impact coverage, it is more difficult to take this picture.
The other is that the higher the image resolution, the better.
But the clearer, the smaller the range of each shot, which is the most difficult for us.
[Explanation] China's natural resource monitoring is gradually shifting from mastering basic data to normalized, precise, and thematic monitoring. Facing the ever-increasing demand for natural resource management, remote sensing image results also have higher accuracy and higher frequency , A wider range.
[Concurrent] Zhou Xu, Director of the Geographical Situation Monitoring Department, National Basic Geographic Information Center, Ministry of Natural Resources
The images currently in use in our country have the highest resolution of about 0.8 meters, which can basically meet our current management needs. A series of 5-year time series data has been formed, and we can know the development process of things. And trends.
[Explanation] However, in the face of such a large amount of data, how to interpret, process, analyze and present, and even achieve real-time adjustment and optimization, these key issues directly determine whether this "Map of China" can be a basis for planning and construction. Digital base map.
[Concurrent] Liu Jianjun, Director of the Database Department of the National Basic Geographic Information Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources
Our image here has nearly 300 million spots, which is equivalent to 300 million building blocks with irregular shapes. The land and territory must be covered closely and seamlessly, with neither overlap nor gaps.
[Explanation] The integration of billions of spots is already a vast project, and there are many difficulties behind it to realize the three-dimensional presentation of image data.
After more than a year of intensive research, the engineers have successively solved a number of technical problems.
Nowadays, the "three-dimensional space-time database" not only achieves real and intuitive, second-level response, but also realizes the integration with natural resource management services, such as the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land, the protection of cultivated land, the status of nature reserves, and hidden dangers of geological disasters. , Urban planning and layout, etc., provide strong support for further serving the ecological environment protection and high-quality social and economic development.
[Concurrent] Liu Jianjun, Director of the Database Department of the National Basic Geographic Information Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources
In our three-dimensional database, we can intuitively know whether the slope information of any piece of cultivated land is on flat ground, on the hillside, or on the top of the hill, whether it is above 25 degrees, is it right? It is necessary to return farmland to forest and grassland, so the implementation and implementation of corresponding national policies will be clear at a glance.
【Explanation】Through "one base plate, one set of data, one platform", the physical and geographical conditions of the land and space and the distribution of natural resources are truly reproduced. The "three-dimensional space-time database" provides comprehensive and integrated application support for natural resource management.
[Concurrent] Chen Jun, Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering and Professor of National Fundamental Geographic Information Center
China's surveying and mapping geographic information has made great progress in recent years and has a great impact.
We are now building a high-quality modern governance system for natural resources, which represents a new concept of a country’s development. Whether any policy is good or not, I can simulate it in space and how many people can benefit.
From our original digital surveying and mapping to intelligent surveying and mapping, this is actually a major issue for the long-term stability of our country.
Reporting from Beijing
Editor in charge: [Li Yuxin]