China News Service, Tianjin, March 7 (Reporter Zhang Daozheng) On the third day of this year's New Year, the national traditional village called the "last primitive tribe" Wengdingguzhai suffered the most serious fire in the past 400 years, affecting all walks of life. Human heart.
On the afternoon of March 6, a "cloud" meeting called "Where to Go in Wengding Ancient Village-Onding Reconstruction Symposium" was held. Feng Jicai and other academic experts reflected on the discussion, hoping that the managers of traditional villages across the country could be inspired .
The seminar was hosted by the Chinese Traditional Village Protection and Development Research Center of the Feng Jicai Literature and Art Research Institute of Tianjin University. It took the form of an online conference. The director of the center Feng Jicai invited important academic experts such as Ruan Yisan, Yuan Li, Fang Ming, and Xiang Yunju, and Local scholars who have been doing investigations in Wengding Village for a long time gathered together in the "cloud" to reflect on and discuss the cause of the fire, whether the ancient village was rebuilt, how to rebuild, and who will rebuild it.
Feng Jicai, director of the Research Center for the Protection and Development of Chinese Traditional Villages, said that Wengding Village is also very rare among traditional Chinese villages. It has the special nature of primitive tribes, systematically and completely preserves material and spiritual cultural relics, and unique The village rules and customs have the meaning of living fossils.
In his mind, the loss of Onding Village is no less than the fire of Notre Dame Cathedral. Even if it is rebuilt, the original Onding Village will not be restored, and its historical and cultural value will be greatly reduced.
Scholars are anxious for the loss of Weng Ding because they don't know the cause of the fire and it is difficult to find a countermeasure. "There are many voices of accountability, but the voice of responsibility has not been heard. Of course, I am not relieved."
Rethinking the cause of the fire: the hidden danger of separation of people and villages
In the view of Fang Ming, member of the Special Committee for the Protection and Inheritance of History and Culture of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the leader of the Working Group of the Expert Committee on the Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Villages, the value of Wengding Village has been far underestimated. He called on people to be right about this matter. The fire in Notre Dame de Paris is as highly regarded.
Although the cause of the fire has not been ascertained, he believes that it may be related to the unclear property rights.
Most of the aborigines have moved to a new village nearby. The ancient village is operated by a tourism company. When the fire broke out, the tourism company had already left work. Unclear property rights made the villagers hesitate for a while.
The more important reason is the separation of people and villages. "If the aborigines are still living in their own homes, they must fight the fire desperately. Moving the aborigines out of the old village has huge hidden dangers, so we need to reflect."
Xiang Yunju, vice chairman of the Chinese Literature and Art Critics Association and a special-appointed professor of Tianjin University, believes that it is time to find out the reasons in a comprehensive way, draw inferences from one another, and treat both the symptoms and the root causes.
He suggested that the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development should take the lead and unite multiple departments to issue warnings on major risk points in all national-level traditional villages.
In the future, the protection, disaster prevention, and disaster handling of traditional villages will require the joint intervention of multiple departments and shared responsibilities.
Will it be rebuilt? The reconstruction of the original site should be
Recently, there is a voice saying that the ancient village of Wengding should not be rebuilt on the original site, and it might as well be built into a heritage park.
But the experts at the meeting all agreed that Wengding Guzhai should be rebuilt on the original site.
Yuan Li, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Arts and vice chairman of the Chinese Folk Artists Association, said that the ancient village of Wengding was suddenly destroyed during use, and its original appearance and construction methods are all known. Such "living cultural relics" It can be reconstructed completely, and it can be authentic from the technical level, and there is no problem of fraud. Moreover, reconstruction can preserve more architectural civilization and types for mankind, and allow the construction of the village to be inherited.
Fang Ming also believes that although most of the villagers in Wengding have moved to live in the nearby new village, it would be difficult to retain the soul of culture without the carrier of the ancient village.
Feng Jicai specifically mentioned that the starting point for reconstruction is the reconstruction of the homeland of the Wa people. After the reconstruction, the Wengding Village must also have the nature of the original place of the Wa people. It should be the homeland and homesickness of the Wa people, rather than a more desirable tourist attraction.
How to rebuild? Rebuilding as it is should conform to modern life
So how to rebuild?
Feng Jicai believes that two principles must be followed first, one is to follow the beliefs, customs and traditions of the Wa people, and the other is to follow the principles of reconstruction and restoration of cultural relics, because Wengding Village is a cultural relics protection unit in Yunnan Province.
He also proposed to consider building a small museum at the entrance of the village in the future to display the images of the ancient village before the fire and the precious cultural relics preserved after the fire, and to warn visitors to pay attention to fire prevention and disaster prevention.
Ruan Yisan, a professor at the School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Tongji University and director of the National Historical and Cultural City Research Center, proposed that according to the "five originals" of raw materials, original structure, original craftsmanship, original style, and original environment, they should be restored as they are.
Reconstruction can’t be quick and quick. Don’t make fake antiques. You must make preparations in advance, such as design and planning, and modestly learn from the local craftsmen and the indigenous people. Only through the hands of the indigenous people can you truly achieve the original reconstruction.
He suggested to Yunju that Wengding Village could implement the dual property rights system of the new village and the old village to encourage villagers to return to the old village for more time. It is also recommended that each household register the burnt folk utensils one by one, restore and copy them.
He also pointed out that how primitive tribes like Wengding Village can be preserved in modern society and compatible with modern life is a worldwide problem, and all countries are paying close attention to it.
Who will rebuild? Indigenous people are the main body of rebuilding their homes
Who will rebuild this issue is particularly critical.
Feng Jicai said that the reconstruction can be led by the government with the participation of experts, but the aboriginal people should be the main body. "Wengding Village is the home of the aboriginals, and of course it should be according to their wishes. Others build hotels, not their own homes. Each original Residents will bring in their family history, habits, aesthetics, and hobbies. When others build the same houses, the tangible and intangible culture disappears."
This is also a point of view unanimously agreed by the participating experts.
Reconstruction should fully respect the rights and choices of the indigenous people, listen to their voices, and let them participate.
Ruan Yisan also believes that when villagers participate in the process of reconstruction, they can integrate their life emotions into their homes and their homes will be vigorous, and they may come back from the dead.
Fang Ming even asked if he could try more boldly and let the aborigines rebuild their own villages.
There are capable people, old villagers, and educated people in the village. There are many skilled craftsmen. Can they be allowed to do things according to their own national characteristics and methods, and let external forces interfere less. If they do, they should also follow a scientific method and be cautious.
The protection of traditional villages has a long way to go, opposing cages and changing birds, and calling for cultural consciousness
At the seminar, scholars not only made suggestions for Wengding Village, but also reflected on the many problems faced by traditional village protection.
As Fang Ming said, traditional villages are the fine works of farming culture and the focus of rural revitalization in the future.
The incident in Wengding Village is an opportunity to remind the whole society to pay more attention to the protection of traditional villages.
Many traditional villages take the development of tourism as a way out, but the relationship between village protection and tourism development is a serious problem.
Yuanli believes that it is not that traditional villages cannot develop tourism. Protection and tourism can go hand in hand, but protection must be given priority.
Feng Jicai believes that the protection of traditional villages should have a stricter standard, better supervision system and management methods.
If you can’t finish the evaluation, hand it over to the travel company, and use cultural heritage as a source of money, otherwise many villages will gain and lose.
He clearly stated that he opposes "vacating cages for birds", that is, in the process of developing tourism, all the aborigines are invited away, the houses are vacated, and the operators come in for development.
Operators from other places come to do business and serve ordinary tourists. They have no feelings and historical memory of the village. "When the aborigines leave, the village has no memory, no owner, no soul. Some traditional villages, tourist There are fewer people, and the people who run the business have moved away. It will completely become an empty village. Who is still responsible for this village?"
Feng Jicai said that “changing cages for birds” could bring immediate benefits to the tourism department and local governments at that time, but the losses were fatal.
The cause of the fire in Wengding Village is directly related to the separation of the people from the village.
"Freezing the cage and changing the bird" not only brings a crisis to the future of the village, but also destroys the village.
Xiang Yunju especially suggested that the management mechanism of tourism companies in traditional villages should be improved and the management of foreign companies should gradually transition to villagers’ autonomy.
For special ethnic minority villages like Wengding Village, we can explore and cultivate a company that is not only profitable, but has a special mission. The government gives it a large number of preferential policies to help villagers integrate with the tourism market and devote themselves to ethnic culture. Responsible service to protect inheritance.
He also said that the protection of traditional villages cannot simply use the method of cultural relic protection. It is necessary to consider the diversity of the villages. There must be special measures for special villages, and there should be no one size fits all.
Especially in the process of my country’s entry into rural revitalization and the realization of a modern power, traditional villages have entered modern life. How to inherit history and culture should be comprehensively considered, and multiple goals such as village architecture, cultural life, intangible cultural heritage, tourism, well-off, and rural revitalization should be formulated. Compatible development plan.
Feng Jicai concluded that the aborigines are the masters of traditional villages. In the final analysis, the protection of villages must arouse the villagers to cherish their own culture.
"This work is difficult to do. We have to reflect that the intellectuals have not done enough, and there are too few people." He is now working hard to establish a discipline in heritage studies at Tianjin University, just to train more young people and let this power go. Go down and arouse the cultural consciousness of the people.
"With cultural awareness, traditional villages can be better protected, and we have more sober cultural confidence." Feng Jicai said.
(Finish)