Treat both symptoms and root causes of "college entrance examination immigration" to maintain the order of enrollment
The Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Enrollment of General Colleges and Universities in 2021" requirements
□ Our newspaper trainee reporter Sun Tianjiao
□ Reporter Chen Lei
A few days ago, the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in Admissions for Regular Colleges and Universities in 2021", making arrangements for the enrollment of regular colleges and universities in 2021, emphasizing the need to further strengthen the qualification review for college entrance examinations, and strictly review the household registration, school registration and actual attendance of candidates. Take effective measures to treat both the symptoms and root causes of the "college entrance examination immigration", and earnestly maintain the order of college entrance examination.
Experts interviewed by reporters from the "Rules of Law Daily" believe that the issue of "college entrance immigration" involves multiple interests and undermines the fairness of the college entrance examination.
Over the years, although the phenomenon of "college entrance examination immigration" has received attention and some governance has been carried out, it has not been fundamentally resolved.
Experts suggest that cracking down on the issue of "college entrance examination immigration" requires the introduction of a special examination law, while implementing a strict supervision mechanism, so as to truly conform to the concept of governing the country and governing education by law.
Opportunistically take the exam
Accused of undermining the fairness of the college entrance examination
"Not to get into a good university, who would choose to do this?"
A few days ago, a reporter from the Rule of Law Daily met with Ms. Xi in a coffee shop in Chaoyang District, Beijing.
Ms. Xi is 26 years old this year. When she recalled her experience, she was surprised: "I didn't expect that I could be regarded as one of the immigrants for college entrance examination."
Ms. Xi's original household registration was in Langfang, Hebei.
Hebei is a big province for the college entrance examination. According to the data from the Hebei Education Examination Institute, in 2013, when Ms. Xi took the college entrance examination, there were 449,800 candidates in Hebei.
According to data from the Tianjin Education Enrollment and Examination Institute, in 2013, the number of applicants for the college entrance examination in Tianjin was only 62,400.
It was precisely because of the differences in the college entrance examination between the two places that Ms. Xi decided to take the college entrance examination in Tianjin under the arrangement of her parents.
For this reason, Ms. Xi's parents bought her a real estate in Tianjin early so that she could settle down in Tianjin.
In 2010, after passing the entrance exam for a private high school in Wuqing District, Tianjin, Ms. Xi entered the school for high school, while her parents continued to work and live in Hebei.
Three years later, Ms. Xi was admitted to a well-known university in Beijing.
Ms. Xi is not the only "out-of-towner" in the high school class.
According to her, the classmates are from Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Fujian, Sichuan and other places.
According to a poll conducted by the China Youth Daily Social Research Center in 2013, 91.2% of the respondents believed that there were "gaokao migrants" around them, and 92.7% of the respondents frankly said that there were parents who thought of "gaokao migrants" for their children. .
"The act of'college entrance immigrants' undermined the fairness of the college entrance examination." Cheng Fangping, a professor at the School of Education of Renmin University of China, used "opportunity" to describe this behavior in an interview with a reporter from the Rule of Law Daily. Candidates worry that they will not be able to compete in areas where the college entrance examination is more stressful. , And relocate the hukou to areas where the competition pressure of the college entrance examination is low or there is test policy support.
Cheng Fangping introduced that the phenomenon of "college entrance examination immigration" actually involves multiple interest groups, including candidates, parents, schools and local education authorities, and is also related to the country's household registration system.
"The interests of these parties are twisted together, which makes it a difficult problem to cure."
Measures are successively introduced in various places
Comprehensive management of college entrance examination immigration
This time the Ministry of Education proposed in the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Enrollment of General Colleges and Universities in 2021" that it should address both the symptoms and the root causes of "college entrance immigrants". This is not the first time the Ministry of Education has paid attention to the issue of "college entrance immigrants.
As early as 2016, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in Comprehensive Management of "College Entrance Examination Immigration", requiring education departments at all levels to strengthen supervision, and urge high school schools to strengthen internal management and standardize school-running behavior. Focus on discovering and correcting the phenomenon of separation of personal status, empty registration of student status, and false student status.
In terms of cracking down on "college entrance examination immigrants", some regions have also introduced some measures one after another.
For example, when the Guizhou Provincial Department of Education held a press conference in December 2020 to interpret the "Regulations of Guizhou Province for the Children of Migrant Workers to Apply for General Higher Education Institutions", it clarified that the management of student status is based on the principle of graded school running and graded management. Strictly prevent "college entrance examination immigration".
For another example, the Shandong Provincial Admissions and Examination Committee requires in the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in General College Admissions in 2020" that all cities and regions should further strengthen the qualification review for college entrance examinations, and strictly review the household registration, school registration and actual attendance of candidates.
Those who obtain college entrance examination qualifications by means of abnormal household registration and student registration, fraudulent household registration and the issuance of false certification materials, etc., shall be dealt with strictly in accordance with laws and regulations.
In addition to the phenomenon of "college entrance examination immigration" among domestic provinces, the issue of international "college entrance exam immigration" has also attracted the attention of the Ministry of Education.
In June 2020, the Ministry of Education revised and issued the "Notice of the Ministry of Education Regarding the Relevant Work of Regulating the Acceptance of International Students in Our Institutions of Higher Education", which strictly regulates the eligibility for international students to enter my country's institutions of higher learning.
The notice requires that both or one of the parents is a Chinese citizen and a student who was born with a foreign nationality as an international student who applies for admission to the undergraduate and junior college level of higher education, in addition to meeting the school’s other registration qualifications, must also meet the requirements of the last 4 years. There is a record of actual residence in a foreign country for more than 2 years.
In an interview with a reporter from the Rule of Law Daily, Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Educational Sciences, believes that the crackdown on international "college entrance immigrants" cannot be slackened either.
Domestic candidates can enter some domestic higher education institutions by changing their nationality to take the exam and using the inclination of policies, which not only affects education fairness, but even affects the society's awareness of fairness.
Chu Zhaohui said that the definition of "college entrance examination immigrants" is a very complicated issue.
At present, many areas move from areas with high competitiveness in the college entrance examination to areas where admission is relatively easy, or after intensive training in different schools, and then go to another area to take the exam as "college entrance immigrants."
"However, there will still be some differences in the definition of localities. For example, within a few years, household registration will be regarded as'college entrance immigrants', and will be confused with the question of the college entrance examination for children with migrants.'College entrance exam immigration' not only involves regional changes, but actually also It involves a series of issues such as educational philosophy, educational value, educational methods and methods, so at least the provincial-level education authority needs to define it based on local conditions and the specific circumstances of the transferred students." Chu Zhaohui believes that the competent authority should clearly and unify The definition of "college entrance examination immigration" clarifies this complicated issue.
Administrative measures are difficult to cure
Proposal to introduce special legislation
In April 2019, Fuyuan School in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province was found to be among the candidates registered for the college entrance examination in 2019, of which 32 candidates were “immigrants for the college entrance examination”.
In the end, according to the "Notice on the Progress of the Investigation and Processing of the "College Entrance Immigration" of Shenzhen Fuyuan School" issued by the Shenzhen Municipal Education Bureau, 32 candidates were disqualified from applying for the college entrance examination in Shenzhen, and Shenzhen Fuyuan School was given administrative penalties. Reduced 50% of the school’s 2019 high school enrollment plan; at the same time, the Shenzhen Fuyuan School Board of Directors was instructed to conduct an in-depth inspection and ordered Shenzhen Fuyuan School to seriously deal with the directly responsible persons and relevant persons in charge, earnestly rectify existing problems, and strictly regulate school operation behavior.
"When a problem arises and then administrative measures are used to solve it, it is actually just a cycle." Cheng Pingyuan, a professor at the School of Social Development of Nanjing Normal University, believes that if the so-called correction of "college entrance immigrants" is only a short-term administrative intervention However, it is ineffective in the long run. Instead of using administrative means to stop the phenomenon of "college entrance examination immigration", it is better to regulate and divert rules from the perspective of regulations.
Cheng Fangping believes that the fight against "college entrance examination immigration" must rely on supervision and the establishment of a special examination law, in order to truly conform to the concept of governing the country and teaching according to the law.
"Because a lot of relevant information is not so transparent, it will be difficult to achieve a real blow to'college entrance immigrants' if we rely solely on the people's attitude of not appointing officials and investigating them, so supervision is very important."
Cheng Fangping believes that the supervision of "college entrance examination immigrants" can refer to the confidentiality of the college entrance examination.
The country has made great efforts to keep the college entrance examination confidential.
If the “college entrance examination immigration” problem can be managed, the relevant departments can also be united, and through the coordinated and active supervision of multiple departments, it will help solve the “college entrance examination immigration” problem.
Cheng Fangping suggested that a special examination law should be introduced to deal with chaos such as "college entrance immigrants".
"The examination law should include not only the college entrance examination we are talking about, but also civil service examinations, graduate entrance examinations, professional qualification examinations, etc., so the examination law should be an important law."
"Whether it is considered from the whole world or China's ancient and modern areas, it is indeed a very important thing to select talents through examinations. And now we lack special legislation for examinations to manage and punish phenomena such as'college entrance examination immigration'. There is no way to talk about it," Cheng Fangping said.
Cheng Fangping believes that the introduction of an examination law to allow "college entrance examination immigrants" to enter the law first needs to clarify its specific connotations in the law and have a basic judgment on "college entrance examination immigrants".
In the examination law, clear indicators should be set for the issues involved in "college entrance examination immigration", such as whether it is necessary to immigrate with parents and settle down within a few years as "college entrance exam immigration"; in addition, strong penalties should be set, such as regulations "College Entrance Immigration" candidates cannot take the college entrance examination within a few years, and the school concerned and the person responsible for the household registration must be held accountable.
"If the cost of breaking the law is irrelevant to people, then more people will take the risk."
Cheng Pingyuan mentioned that when discussing the issue of "college entrance examination immigration", the unfairness of the education system exposed behind it should not be ignored.
"Only when the education system becomes more standardized and fair, and the national education gap is promoted in the direction of resource balance, can the problem of'college entrance examination immigration' be completely solved." Cheng Pingyuan said.