“Reconstruction” asked by 1800 voices 10 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake Victims Questionnaire March 4, 20:57

"Reconstruction of buildings, etc. is progressing, but I don't think that reconstruction of mental aspects such as feelings and economy is being reconstructed by each person." (Female 50s, Iwanuma City, Miyagi Prefecture)

"Reconstruction is so easy. I didn't think it was a big deal, but it's sad that the scenery of Futaba Town has erased the memories of the past. Now that 10 years have passed, the feeling of being a townsman is fading. "(Saitama) Prefectural female 50s Evacuated from Futaba Town, Fukushima Prefecture)

NHK's large-scale questionnaire that has been conducted immediately after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Ten years after the outbreak, reporters from the Social Affairs Department, who have experience working in the disaster area, played a central role.

Since last summer, I have been asking questions one by one, thinking of the faces of the people I interviewed in the past.

The responses received from 1805 people spelled out a frank perception of "reconstruction."

How do the affected people look back on the last 10 years and what do they need now?

I would like to think with you through the questionnaire.

(Social Affairs Department Reporter Keijiro Saito Hinako Fujita Shinya Fujishima)

Is 10 years a "break"?

How do the victims perceive that 10 years have passed since the earthquake?

"It will be a break to overcome the damage caused by the earthquake"

▼ "I think so / I think so" 44.5%

▼ "I don't think so / I don't think so much" 31.0%

"It will be a trigger for independence"

▼ "I think so / I think so" 33.8%

▼ "I don't think so / I don't think so much" 30.5%

Regarding whether it will be a "separation" or a "trigger for independence" 30% to 40% of the respondents answered "I think so".

On the other hand, similar people answered "I don't think so / I don't think so much".

It can also be seen that the perceptions are divided among the respondents and that they are polarized.

Shozo Furudate (85) from Miyako City, Iwate Prefecture, is one of those who answered that it would not be a break.

Why do you think so?

Looking back on the past questionnaires ...

In the 6th year of the earthquake, he wrote that he was "happy" that the houses were being reconstructed little by little.

However, in the 8th year of the earthquake, "I wonder if it can be said that the reconstruction was done with this," and in the 9th year of the earthquake, "I have made efforts to restore the region, but there is still vainness."

From doubts about reconstruction to disappointment.

The content was changing.

And 10 years after the earthquake.

Questionnaire by Mr. Shozo Furudate

"The town development based on the reconstruction plan was completed as planned. Although the population was expected to decrease from the beginning, it could not be expected to decrease so much. What kind of town has become easier to live in? The challenge is to make it a lively town. "

In the Kuwagasaki district of Miyako City, where Mr. Furudate lives, a project was carried out to raise the land that had subsided, but vacant lots are still conspicuous and the population is half that before the earthquake.

It is said that the vibrancy of the area did not return, and the rebuilt store closed, changing my mind.

Mr. Shozo Furudate

"I was hoping that people would come back, so I was very disappointed that I didn't come back. The challenge is how to get the bustle back, and I think it's a break even after 10 years. not"

It must be remembered that there are people like Mr. Furudate who feel that they are in the middle of the road in 10 years.

Has "reconstruction" been completed in 10 years?

So how do the 1800 people who responded to the questionnaire feel about "regional reconstruction"?

▼ "Reconstruction completed / progressed more than expected" 45.7% (+5.7 year-on-year)

▼ "Late than

expected

/ not progressed at all" 50.7% (-4.7 compared to last year)

Survey one year ago Although the percentage of people who feel that "reconstruction has been completed / progressed more than expected" has increased, there is no big difference, and this also resulted in a dichotomy.

As the disaster-stricken areas move forward step by step from the great damage, more and more people are feeling the reconstruction.

On the other hand, there are still many people who do not think so, and the difference has become large when viewed by three prefectures.

▼ "Completed / advanced"

Miyagi prefecture 58.9% Iwate prefecture 44.9% Fukushima prefecture 28.6%

▼ "Delayed / not advanced"

Miyagi prefecture 37.7% Iwate prefecture 51.6% Fukushima prefecture 67.5%

"Completed / advanced" The percentage of "is" is about 30 points lower in Fukushima prefecture than in Miyagi prefecture.

Even 10 years ago, it can be said that it shows the seriousness of the effects of the nuclear accident, which still leaves areas where it is not possible to return to home.

10 years of history reflected in the "Reconstruction Calendar"

The word "reconstruction" can range from visible things such as home reconstruction and road maintenance to invisible things such as regional connections.

Therefore, we conducted a survey method called the "reconstruction calendar."

When did you feel the recovery and reconstruction of your feelings and lifestyle after the earthquake?

Interview and graph "house", "work", "household budget", etc.

We will explore the areas in which the victims' feelings of recovery are increasing and what remains as issues.

Both graphs are rising, that is, the percentage of people who "feel so" is increasing as time passes after the earthquake.

According to experts, according to the "Reconstruction Calendar", when it reaches 50%, it is a guideline for reconstruction to some extent.

Based on this, looking at the "reconstructed" and "not reconstructed" items, there was a big difference.

It is the result of 10 main items.

To date, it has reached more than 50%

(5) The problem

of living

was finally resolved 77.7%

(12) Local schools returned to normal 74.1%

(7) Daily life calmed down 71.9%

(11) Local roads returned to normal 63.5%

(4) Work returned to normal 62.4%

(2) I thought it was safe 57.9%

On the other hand, items that have not reached 50% so far are

(6) The impact of the disaster on households has disappeared 49.3%

(8) Local activities have returned to normal 43.7%

(9) I have lost awareness that I am a victim 36.1%

(10) The local economy has suffered a disaster 22.0% out of the influence of

While the reconstruction of land, buildings, and roads is progressing, it can be said that there are still many people who do not feel the reconstruction of the economic activities and communities that are built on it.

In addition, (9) "I lost awareness that I was a victim" did not reach 40%, and more than 60% still felt that they were victims.

How to realize not only visible "reconstruction" but also economic revitalization and revitalization of connections with people.

It has become clear that it is still an issue 10 years after the earthquake.

An incident in a house that should have been "reconstructed"

On the other hand, the questionnaire also revealed that new issues are being created in the "houses" that should have been "reconstructed" in the reconstruction calendar.

It is a problem of rent of disaster public housing with 30,000 units maintained as a pillar of housing reconstruction.

The rent at the beginning of moving in is kept low, but the price increases as time passes and income increases.

This is a big burden now.

"The rent of disaster public housing is too high. The rent has been raised on the premise that it will be expelled. Because of the disaster, I moved into disaster public housing in search of housing."

(Kamaishi City, Iwate Prefecture, Female 40s )

"Rents are soaring, I'm going to try my best to enter the reconstruction housing to rebuild my life, but on the contrary, my life will be difficult and I will only move or my debt will increase."

(Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, male 50s)

40% increase in rent, cut down on food expenses

How has the rent changed since you first moved in?

Changes in rent compared to when you first moved in

▼ 1.1 times to less than 2 times 28.3%

▼ 2 times to less than 3 times 6.6%

▼ 3 times or more 4.6%

▼ No change 43.7%

▼ Price drop 15.1%

40% of residents have rent The price has risen, and more than 10% of the respondents have more than doubled.

So, I asked how the price increase was covered.

▼ Cut down living expenses 71.0%

▼ Retired deposits and savings 38.6%

▼ Nothing done 10.4%

▼ Consider moving out of disaster public housing 10.0%

▼ Others 6.6%

▼ Increased amount of current work 4.6%

▼ Borrowing 3.5%

▼ Started a new job such as a side job 3.1%

▼ No answer 0.8%

More than 70% of people cut their living expenses, and nearly 40% withdrew their deposits and savings.

It doesn't seem to be very "marginal".

Furthermore, when I asked about the contents of the cut-down living expenses, a serious situation emerged.

▼ Food expenses 74.5%

▼ Entertainment expenses 62.5%

▼ Clothing expenses 61.4%

▼ Water and utilities expenses 47.3%

▼ Medical expenses 19.0%

▼ Others 4.9%

▼ Education expenses 2.2%

▼ No answer 1.1%

More than 70

%

cut down on food expenses ..

Nearly 50% of people pay for water and utilities, and 20% cut down on medical costs.

As you can see, the impact of the price increase is by no means small.

"I'm thinking of working because my children are growing up and it costs more than now, but it's meaningless if the rent goes up by that amount, and it's hard to make a decision. It should be a reconstruction housing for those who can't rebuild. But once you move in, it feels like the end. "

We interviewed Ayumu Sugiyama of Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture, who sent this message.

Mr. Sugiyama in his 30s is a family of five with her husband and children aged 10, 7, and 3.

I moved in the year after the earthquake, and the rent, which was about 9000 yen at that time, has now risen to more than 40,000 yen.

The biggest cut was food expenses, which I managed to keep at 40,000 yen a month.

However, the larger the child, the more expensive it is.

Mr. Sugiyama has decided to go to work in the future, but he says he remains uneasy.

Ayumu Sugiyama

"When I work and my household income increases, the rent increases, and I'm worried about how much I can use for my children and save money. I'm worried that the rent will be 100,000 yen or more for working together. Some households have become, and some families of the same generation have had to leave the disaster public housing due to high rent. "

Mr. Sugiyama said that he would like to see a system that allows him to see his life plan, such as considering the balance with spending and setting an upper limit.

Ayumu Sugiyama

"I understand that rent increases with income. However, as children grow up, spending also increases. I'm not always worried about how much it will go up, but even if it goes up, rent will go up. If you set the upper limit of the market to the same level as the private market, you can see the future. "

Rent increase in community crisis

Double-income households aiming to increase their income as their children grow older and spend more seem to be more affected by the rent increase.

As a result of rents surpassing local markets, some have left the area to move to cheaper private housing, making it difficult to maintain the community.

"The rent problem has come to a heavy weight. Young residents have moved one by one this month. About three residents'association officers were in important positions. For future residents' associations I thought they would be people. "

(Miyagi Prefecture Tagajo City, male 60s)

The expert who supervised the questionnaire points out that raising rents is not just an individual issue, but a local issue.

Professor Kimura

"We are dealing with rent increases by cutting down on food expenses. This can be a disaster from the perspective of rebuilding our lives. Also, with the emergence of working generations, the future sustainability of the region It will also have a negative impact on development. With that in mind, we need to think about what disaster public housing should be and the issue of rent subsidies. "

70% of the victims "I think support will decrease"

It is necessary to continue support in order to respond to the remaining issues and new issues, but I am worried that many people will continue to support after 10 years.

"Interest in the reconstruction of the disaster area diminishes"　

▼ I agree / I agree a little 50.0%

▼ I don't agree / I don't agree so much 26.0%

"Human and financial support will decrease"

▼ I agree / Slightly agree 69.1%

▼ I don't

agree / I

don't agree 8.8%

Half said "

I'm

less

interested" and 70% said "

I'm

less

support" I answered.

Professor Reo Kimura, University of Hyogo

"I think that 10 years is a year that tends to be regarded as one break for those who are not the parties concerned. It's been 10 years, so it's about time to be okay, and the continued support will end here. Well, I think that is the result of worrying about such things. Disasters come up with various issues over time. At that time, we have to confront the issues, which is a characteristic of a major disaster. 10 years It is necessary to continue to watch over the victims while clarifying the issues that have emerged in 10 years from a longer-term perspective, rather than making a break. "

Finally, I have a message I would like to introduce.

"Immediately after the earthquake, the areas and people who were grouped together as" stricken areas "and" victims "followed various processes over the past 10 years, and their positions were subdivided. Detailed support corresponding to each position Is now necessary "(female in her 60s, Miyako City, Iwate Prefecture)

This is exactly what we felt through this survey.

Those who still have unsolved problems, those who are facing new problems, those who are taking new steps ...

Now that 10 years have passed since the earthquake, I would like to look at each person's daily life and think firmly about how we can support them.

Keijiro Saito,

reporter of the Social Affairs Department

,

worked

at the

Ofunato / Rikuzentakata branch

office at the Morioka station

and covered the disaster area.

Reporter of the Social Affairs Department

Hinako Fujita

Worked at the Sendai Bureau

and interviewed children

after the

earthquake.

Social section reporter

Fujishima Shinya

starting salary place is Morioka stations

in Iwate Prefecture, from immediately after the earthquake

was covering the coastal areas