The world's largest breakthrough in the "ceiling" of academic qualifications, training tens of millions of skilled talents every year
my country's vocational education handed over brilliant report cards
The economic and social development of a country is inseparable from talents. Vocational education plays a vital role in the "reservoir" of talent training.
The recommendations of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the 2035 long-term goal put forward, "Increase human capital investment, enhance the adaptability of vocational and technical education, deepen vocational integration, integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation, and explore the apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics. Cultivate technical talents."
Today, my country has built the world's largest vocational education system, and my country's vocational education has also trained a large number of technical and technical talents to support economic and social development.
"One vocational education, one job, one family out of poverty" has become the fastest way to stop the intergenerational transmission of poverty.
For thousands of young people, this once "secondary choice" has become an important channel to change the destiny of the family and realize their personal ideals.
Make it clear that vocational education is an education type
"Vocational education and general education are two different types of education, with equal importance."
In January 2019, the State Council issued the "National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan" to clarify the status of vocational education.
"Vocational education is a type of education, not a level of education." Chen Ziji, Director of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education said at a press conference held by the Ministry of Education on December 8, 2020.
Chen Ziji explained that vocational education should be based on type education, firmly establish the important position of vocational education in the national talent training system, center on building a modern vocational education system, strengthen type characteristics, and strengthen the direction of service development and employment promotion. The integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation, combination of work and learning, and integration of knowledge and action have embarked on a path of vocational education development with Chinese characteristics.
What is the "family background" of my country's vocational education during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period?
According to statistics from the Ministry of Education, in 2019, there were 11,500 vocational schools nationwide with 28,571,800 students; secondary vocational schools enrolled 6.037 million, accounting for 41.70% of high school education; higher vocational (specialty) enrollment was 4,836,100 students, accounting for ordinary undergraduates. 52.90% of specialists.
A total of 54.52 million graduates of higher education and continuing education have been trained, and about 320 million people have been trained in community education.
Chen Ziji introduced that my country has built the world's largest vocational education system.
Looking back on the past five years, there are five main highlights in the development of vocational education.
Among them, the biggest contribution is the establishment of the type status of vocational education; the biggest breakthrough is the construction of a modern vocational education system with vertical and horizontal integration; the biggest progress is the high-quality development of improving quality, training, and value-added empowerment The new stage; the biggest achievement is to train a large number of technical and technical talents to support economic and social development; the biggest bright spot is to achieve a higher level of openness.
"During the '13th Five-Year Plan' period, we will establish and improve a new era with Chinese characteristics that is marked by the dual-track operation of vocational education and general education, with vertical and horizontal integration as the core, and compatible with economic and social development and deepening educational reforms. The education system shifts the focus of the reform and development of vocational education to improving the quality, so as to realize the quality improvement and value-added empowerment of vocational education." Chen Ziji said.
Today, thousands of families have realized their dream of having the first generation of college students through vocational education.
In terms of serving poverty alleviation, more than 70% of the students in vocational colleges are from rural areas. “One vocational education, one job, and one family out of poverty” has become the fastest way to stop the intergenerational transmission of poverty.
"For example, the Shunde Vocational and Technical College launched the'one person learns to cook, the whole family's poverty relief' training program." Chen Ziji introduced, during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, 261 national rural vocational education and adult education demonstration counties were created.
In the promotion of educational equity, the secondary vocational tuition exemption and grants have covered more than 90% and 40% of the students, respectively, and the higher vocational scholarships and grants have covered nearly 30% and more than 25% of the students.
Train tens of millions of skilled talents every year
According to statistics, there are currently more than 1,200 majors and more than 100,000 majors in vocational schools across the country, which basically cover all fields of the national economy, and cultivate about 10 million high-quality technical and technical personnel every year.
In fields such as modern manufacturing and strategic emerging industries, more than 70% of new frontline employees are graduates from vocational colleges.
"During the '13th Five-Year Plan' period, the greatest achievement of vocational education is to cultivate a large number of technical and technical talents that support economic and social development, and play an important role in serving national strategies, serving regional development, serving poverty alleviation, and promoting educational equity. "Chen Ziji said.
Full coverage of east-west vocational college cooperation, full participation in east-west vocational college enrollment cooperation, and full participation of vocational colleges in east-west labor cooperation. Accumulatively invested more than 1.8 billion yuan in assistance funds and equipment, a total of 683 professional sites and 338 training bases have been built , More than 160,000 people have been trained for job skill improvement, and more than 23,000 people have been trained for entrepreneurship.
"With the help of the national policy of integration of industry and education and school-enterprise cooperation, the company hired a national-level teaching teacher of Ningbo Vocational and Technical College as the chief engineer to lead the technological reform of the enterprise. It turned losses into profits in one year and doubled its output value in three years." The deputy general manager of the company said that the company and the school depend on each other and achieve each other, and they have become a community of interests and destiny.
Nowadays, the integration of production and education and school-enterprise cooperation have become the basic mode of running vocational education.
In Shenzhen Vocational and Technical College, more than 10% of college graduates in the past years have been employed in well-known companies such as Huawei, Tencent, and BYD, and the employment rate of college graduates in 2020 reaches 96.97%.
"The school connects with the regional industry chain, encourages key professional groups to join the Fortune 500 or industry-leading companies to set up special industry colleges, and deepen the integration of industry and education, and school-enterprise cooperation. At present, our school has cooperated with a number of industries such as Huawei and Ping An Leading and leading enterprises have built 11 characteristic industry colleges.” Ma Xiaoming, vice president of Shenzhen Vocational and Technical College, said, “We have combined the training and certification for on-the-job engineers of enterprises with higher vocational education, and solved the disconnection between vocational education and industrial enterprise development. Standards lag behind corporate standards and teaching content lags behind technological development."
Through such cooperation, Shenzhen Vocational and Technical College has formed an open education and teaching standard system that can keep up with technological development.
“Students have both student status during school, and they have engineering experience and certified engineer status through in-depth practice in the company. For companies, it reduces the time cost and capital cost of the company’s post-employment training for students." Ma Xiaoming said.
"Open to industry, open to enterprises, and open to the world." Chen Ziji said that this is the biggest highlight of vocational education during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period.
It is understood that vocational education cooperates with the National Development and Reform Commission to cultivate more than 800 industry-education-integrated enterprises, pilot the construction of 21 industry-education-integrated cities, establish 1,500 vocational education groups, more than 30,000 enterprises participate in vocational education, and establish 56 industry vocational education and teaching Steering committee, more than 2,200 enterprises participating in the modern apprenticeship pilot program.
Stable connections have been established with more than 70 countries and international organizations, and more than 400 higher vocational colleges have cooperated with foreign institutions to run schools, creating an international brand of Chinese vocational education.
The "ceiling" that stopped at the specialty has been broken
It has always been considered that vocational education stops at specialist courses as the biggest limitation of vocational education.
How to overcome the "ceiling" of academic qualifications has become a concern for many vocational school students and parents.
In response to a question from a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily, Chen Ziji said that since 2019, the Ministry of Education has approved 22 schools to carry out undergraduate-level vocational education pilot projects, breaking the "ceiling" that vocational education is limited to the junior level.
"Build a modern vocational education system with vertical integration and horizontal integration. In terms of vertical integration, we will consolidate the basic status of secondary vocational education, strengthen the dominant position of higher vocational education, and steadily advance the pilot program of undergraduate level vocational education. In terms of horizontal integration, strengthen vocational education The organic connection and coordinated development of education, continuing education, and general education facilitate the growth of various talents." Chen Ziji said.
The undergraduate admission ratio of vocational education and college entrance examination increased from 6:1 to 4:1; the proportion of secondary vocational students entering higher education was more than 70%; the province’s secondary vocational enrollment enrollment was 444,000, an increase of 10.8% over the previous year, and 25,000 exceeded the average high school score ; Higher vocational colleges enrolled 368,000 people, and 24,000 people reached the undergraduate admission score...At the beginning of 2020, the country’s first ministry-provincial joint construction of a vocational education highland was launched. The above data provided by Deng Yunfeng, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Director of the Department of Education of Shandong Province, highlights the intensity of reform .
On how to solve the problem of "vocational education can only recruit low-scoring students", Deng Yunfeng said, why do these students who exceed the admission line of ordinary high schools and ordinary undergraduates choose vocational schools?
It is because vocational education gives students a greater advantage in employment.
Deng Yunfeng introduced that under the guidance of the Ministry of Education, Shandong has established 12 systems and mechanisms, issued 20 reform documents, and launched 495 projects, one of which is the establishment of a "cultural quality + vocational skills" vocational college entrance examination system.
"The problem of recruiting low-scoring students in vocational colleges has been gradually solved. The college entrance examination system for vocational education has attracted more young people to become talented and serve the country with skills."
"The original development of vocational education was not taken seriously. To a large extent, there was a'ceiling' for development, and it ended in higher vocational education. Now the Ministry of Education has vigorously promoted and steadily developed vocational education undergraduates, and established secondary vocational, higher The cultivating system for linking up teaching and undergraduate courses, including the path of professional masters and professional doctors in the next step, has greatly enhanced the attractiveness of vocational education." Deng Yunfeng said.
Chen Ziji said: "On the issue of undergraduate education in vocational education, two independent colleges have been converted into vocational universities before. Now the conversion of independent colleges is in progress. We are studying the next step in choosing a part of high-level vocational colleges. Professional, undergraduate level vocational education will be held after certain procedures are approved."
Regarding the future development of vocational education, Chen Ziji said: “To establish a vocational college entrance examination system, we rely on this system to link secondary vocational education, vocational college education, and vocational undergraduate education in content and training. Students of any vocational college You can enter any professional study in any vocational college through the vocational college entrance examination system."
In addition, Chen Ziji pointed out that to improve the general vocational accommodation system, it is mainly carried out at the two levels of curriculum sharing and student mobility, and promotes the sharing of resources and the mutual reference of vocational education and general education.
Improve the national qualifications framework system, stipulate the exchange of learning achievement levels between students in vocational education and students in general education, and then stipulate a system in which students in the two education series in specific fields enjoy equal rights.
China Youth Daily · China Youth Daily reporter Ye Yuting Source: China Youth Daily
Version 12, January 26, 2021