Author: Liu sturdy

  Is the head of Yaguchi, the head of the yaguchi, and Jing ordering the horse today?

When the time comes to exchange the tongue, the skin of the tongue is the same.

  In the past two days, everyone must have felt quite a bit about the “diving” drop in temperature.

According to the Beijing Meteorological Bureau, at 06:00 on January 7, the temperature in the southern suburbs of Beijing Observatory dropped to -19.5°C, ushering in the coldest morning since 1966.

Fortunately, the cold wave came and went quickly, and the temperature gradually picked up since the 8th.

  When the cold wave hits, the editor can't help but ask such a question: hundreds of years ago, how did people spend the winter in the Ming and Qing Dynasties without any modern equipment?

  You know, the coldness in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was even worse than in modern times.

According to the "China Meteorological Disasters Consolidated Volume", there were only 17 "severe severe cold wave disasters" recorded before 1900, and 13 in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Some scholars call this period the "Ming and Qing Xiao Ice Age".

  Could it be that the people of the Ming and Qing dynasties rely on "all righteousness" to keep out the cold?

  This is naturally a joke.

Looking through the information carefully, the editor found that the people in the Ming and Qing dynasties had many ways to keep out from the cold, and they were not inferior to modern people.

Do not believe?

Let me come one by one.

"Clothes"-jackets, hats and Diaoqiu, we have "hand stove" and "ear protection"

  When modern people talk about winter clothes, the figure of "padded jacket" is naturally indispensable.

The earliest record of "jacket" can be found in the "Book of Wei". Those with a lining are called "jacket", and those with cotton wool are called "cotton jacket" or "mian jacket", which are the common clothes in autumn and winter.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, cotton began to be planted in large quantities, and the "cotton jacket" was flourishing.

  Thinking of the winter in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, probably many people will think of the magnificent scenes of princes and nobles wearing cloaks in "Da Ming Feng Hua" and "Zhen Huan Biography.

As a windproof clothing, men and women who go out in winter like to wear cloaks.

  As for the "mink coat" common to modern people (the clothing made of animal fur in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is called "fur clothing"), it is not something you can wear if you want.

At that time, the government had strict regulations on the etiquette system of public clothing, and the materials of furs worn by different identities and different occasions were different.

  People in the Ming and Qing dynasties wore hats when they went out in winter.

  In the Ming Dynasty, in November every winter, "the hundred officials who entered the dynasty gave warm ears".

The ear warmers are mostly made of fox fur, similar to the earmuffs we use.

In the Qing Dynasty, officials often wore leather warm hats in winter.

  The common practice for women is to wrap the bun with a bun or veil.

"Jin Ping Mei" contains records about women's winter clothes, "red satin jacket, qingsu silk drape, gauze green silk skirt, and wore buns on their heads..." In addition, women also have "sleeping rabbits" or "Zhaojun" "Sleeve" and other warm accessories worn on the head.

  Oh, yes, and gloves.

At least judging from the unearthed cultural relics, this thing existed in the Western Han Dynasty, but it was still the patent of the wealthy people at that time.

  Thinking about it this way, the cold-proof equipment in the Ming and Qing dynasties seems to be no worse than modern people.

"Food"-eating hot pot and singing songs, chatting and chatting on small strings

  Speaking of winter happiness, what can’t be solved by a hot pot meal?

If one meal is not enough, then two.

  Speaking of hot pot, there really was one during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

"Shiquan Old Man" Qianlong is an avid fan of hot pot.

  Do not believe?

"Qing Gong Shan Di Dang" remember it.

In the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong (1789), Emperor Qianlong ate no less than two hundred hot pots, with different categories: "Stewed sauerkraut hot pot", "wild hot pot", "bird's nest with green onion, pepper and duck hot pot" "...

  In "Talks of the Palace Lady", when she recalled eating hot pot, the palace lady also mentioned, “From October 15th, every meal has a pot, assorted pots, and mutton. The Northeast habit likes to eat sauerkraut, blood sausage, white meat and white meat. Sliced ​​chicken and cut belly are mixed together... and sometimes we eat pheasant pot. Anyway, we have three whole months to eat pot."

  It can be seen that regardless of past and present, regardless of status, the love for hot pot is etched in everyone's hearts.

  In addition to hot pot, barbecue is the most important thing in winter.

Barbecuing, this simple and primitive cooking method, brings warmth in the cold winter.

  "Minggong History·Good Food and Drink" has a content, "Whenever it encounters snow, warm the room to enjoy the plum and eat roasted lamb".

In addition to common meat, the potatoes and corn that entered China along the "Silk Road" on the sea failed to escape the mouths of the ancestors.

  Imagine this picture: in a cold day, diners in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were eating hot pot and skewered.

Seeing this scene, do you suspect that you have crossed?

"Living" "Operating"-"Fire Wall", "Warm Sedan" and "Hand Stove", what about ancient heating systems?

  For northerners, heating is the most important thing in winter.

But in the Ming and Qing Dynasties when there was no unified heating, how to make the house warm is also a university question.

  To understand the heating facilities in the Ming and Qing dynasties, you might as well take a look at the Forbidden City.

Many buildings in the Forbidden City have "fire walls" built into the walls of the palace. "Fire channels" are dug under the walls, and the "charcoal mouth" for adding charcoal is set in the wall foundation outside the palace.

This structure still exists in many buildings in the north today.

  As soon as the cold winter arrives, the full-time furnace eunuch will add charcoal fire to the "tankou" to heat the entire room.

Charcoal basins are also placed not only outside the room, but also in the room.

Under the combined action of inside and outside, the heating of the room is "double insurance".

  The room is warm, what can I do when I travel?

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties when there were no cars, the transportation for the wealthy people was the sedan chair.

Therefore, the clever ancients began to think of a way again: the sedan chair was covered with a curtain to protect it from the cold, which was called the "warm sedan chair".

In the third fold of Jia Zhongming's "Pair Jade Comb" in the Ming Dynasty, there was a sentence of "visiting relatives and relatives holding the warm sedan chair, and sitting in the scented chariot".

  In addition to the "warm sedan chair", people could also hold a "hand stove" at that time.

Charcoal fire is placed in the "hand stove", and the outside is an arc-shaped outer cover, which can conduct heat and prevent burns.

  If there is a "hand stove", there will naturally be a "foot stove".

The "foot stove" is larger than the "hand stove", and is also called "Tang Pozi" and "Mrs. Tin". It is placed in a quilt to warm the feet.

To prevent fires at night, charcoal fires can no longer be placed in the "foot stove", but hot water is used instead.

(Huh? Isn't this the modern "warm water bag"?)

  From this point of view, although there is no modern equipment such as down jackets, air conditioners, and central heating of modern people, the ancients in the Ming and Qing Dynasties also used simple but practical methods to resist the cold wave crit. Some methods have been used until now.

I have to admire the wisdom of the ancients.