China News Service, Beijing, December 27th (Reporter Sun Zifa) As an important Bronze Age archaeological culture in northern China, what influence did the Xiajiadian lower-level culture, which was about 4000-3500 years ago, on the early formation and development of Chinese civilization? A lot of attention.

　　The latest research by researcher Liu Guoxiang from the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences puts forward that from the perspective of the civilization process of the West Liao River Basin, with the rapid rise of the Xiajiadian lower-class culture, the West Liaoning region has ushered in the second peak of development after the Hongshan Culture-Hong In the late period of the mountain culture, it was the first to enter the primary civilized society, and the Xiajiadian lower-level culture entered the advanced civilized society, laying an important foundation for the formation of the pluralistic integration of Chinese civilization.

　　One of the seven archeological cultures in western Liaoning

　　The Second China Frontier Archaeology Forum was recently held in Beijing in a combination of online and offline methods. Liu Guoxiang introduced in his academic report "The Rise of Xiajiadian Lower Culture and the Cultural Pattern of the Early Bronze Age in Western Liaoning" that after several generations of archaeological work With the unremitting efforts of the authors, the archeological cultural framework system from the Neolithic Age to the Early Bronze Age in the Xiliao River Basin has been basically established. There are 7 archeological cultures officially named:

　　The archeological culture of the Neolithic Age includes Xiaohexi Culture (9000-8500 years ago), Xinglongwa Culture (8200-7200 years ago), Fuhe Culture (7200-7000 years ago), and Zhaobaogou Culture (years ago) 7000-6400 years); the archaeological culture of the age of bronze and stone use includes the Hongshan culture (6500-5000 years ago) and the Xiaoheyan culture (5000-4000 years ago); the early Bronze Age archaeological culture includes the Xiajiadian lower culture .

　　The lower-level culture of Xiajiadian is mainly distributed in the Laoha River and Daling River basins in western Liaoning. Its cultural remains were first discovered in the 1920s.

In 1959, the Inner Mongolia task force of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted an investigation in the Chifeng area. The following year, it conducted trial excavations at Yaowang Temple and Xiajiadian. The upper and lower cultural accumulations were discovered at the Xiajiadian site. The name of the upper and lower culture of Xiajiadian.

Typical sites of Xiajiadian lower level culture include Chifeng Xiajiadian, Yaowang Temple, Spider Mountain, Sanzuodian, Erdaojingzi, Aohan Banner Dadianzi, Chengzi Mountain, Harqin Banner Dashan Front, Liaoning Beipiao Fengxia, Kangjiatun et al.

　　Has entered the early state stage

　　Liu Guoxiang pointed out that archaeological studies have found that during the Xiajiadian lower-class culture period, the population increased rapidly, and the number of settlements increased sharply compared with the previous period. The number and density of site sites were more than that of previous periods, and the settlements were clearly differentiated, with large-scale city sites and super-scale Sacrifice center; social division of labor and social differentiation are obvious, the internal management system and security system of the society are strong, and the hierarchical system is obvious; the productivity level is significantly improved, the agricultural economy has become the main way to obtain food resources, and the livestock breeding industry is also very developed; bronze smelting and casting technology Made a leap forward.

　　From the perspective of archaeological culture, the social changes in the lower-level culture of Xiajiadian are very significant. Three-legged pottery replaced the flat-bottomed cylindrical pottery that lasted for thousands of years, and there appeared a large number of large-scale stone city sites focusing on defense functions and large-scale sacrifices built on the top of mountain beams. In the center, the colored pottery that prevailed during the Hongshan Culture and Xiaoheyan Culture period disappeared, painted pottery rose, and metal products continued to increase.

"Xiajiadian lower-level cultural society emphasizes layout and planning, orderly management, and clear hierarchy, and it has entered the early national stage."

　　Close high-level exchanges with Zhongyuan

　　Liu Guoxiang said that from the perspective of foreign relations, there is close exchange and interaction between the lower culture of Xiajiadian and the Erlitou culture of the Central Plains. The upper social strata represented by Dadianzi in the western region of Liaoning and the Central Plains dynasty have a high level in the early Bronze Age. The close exchanges have an impact on each other.

　　Among them, there are a total of 24 pieces of scabs, jues, and beads unearthed from the Dadianzi Cemetery. The shapes of these artifacts are very similar to similar artifacts unearthed from the Erlitou site. The turquoise products from the Dadianzi Cemetery mainly include turquoise tablets and turquoise beads. It is a large amount of turquoise inlaid on lacquerware and silk fabrics, which also has similarities with Erlitou culture.

　　Twenty-eight pieces of jade artifacts unearthed from the Fuhao Tomb in Yinxu are the relics of previous generations. Among them, the hook-shaped objects found were also unearthed in the Dadianzi Cemetery of Xiajiadian Lower Culture, with almost the same shape.

　　It is worth noting that some of the patterns on the cultural painted pottery of the Xiajiadian lower level have striking similarities with the patterns on the bronzes of the Shang Dynasty.

　　In addition, through the study of bones unearthed in the Central Plains and northern regions, it can be seen that the religious culture based on bones in the early Shang culture of Erligang mainly developed on the basis of inheriting the Xian Shang culture, but the Xian Shang culture The religious culture with bone-bubbling as the carrier is more about absorbing the Xiajiadian lower-level culture and Yueshi culture in the adjacent areas, especially developed on the basis of the Xiajiadian lower-level culture.

　　"In this sense, the lower-class culture of Xiajiadian in the north and south of Yanshan undoubtedly plays an important role in promoting the development of business culture in the Central Plains." Liu Guoxiang said.

　　Why emphasize the defense function

　　In terms of foreign relations, the lower-class culture of Xiajiadian not only has peaceful and close exchanges with the Central Plains, but also has the threat of the surrounding strong culture.

　　Regarding the large number of bones unearthed from the lower cultural sites of Xiajiadian, Liu Guoxiang believes that this clearly shows that the social conflicts faced by the lower cultures of Xiajiadian have intensified. Therefore, the layout of large city sites and small settlements emphasizes the defense function.

　　He pointed out that, different from the exchange model between the Central Plains and the western Liaoning region, the cultural output of the "near neighbor" of the lower Xiajiadian culture at the same time, the Shimao site in Shaanxi, has more expansion and war factors.

The Xiajiadian lower-level culture, which has developed agriculture and diverse economic structures, has sufficient food and population resources, and may become one of the targets of the Shimao ruling class at that time. One of the important reasons.

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