Chinanews client, Beijing, December 23 (Reporter Song Yusheng) "Illusions are also intangible heritage"?
"Shaxian snack making skills and Liuzhou snail powder making skills are planned to be listed as national intangible cultural heritage"?
You read that right, they all come from the public announcement documents of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism on its official website for the list of recommended items in the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative items.
Screenshot of "Voice of Cultural Tourism" WeChat Official Account
So, why can these projects be listed as national intangible cultural heritage?
What are the intangible cultural heritage that you did not expect?
Let's first take a look at the basic situation of the list of representative items of national intangible cultural heritage.
Up to now, four batches of the national intangible cultural heritage representative project list has been published, and the fifth batch of recommended projects is being announced.
Each batch here has hundreds of items, including multiple categories.
Specifically, there are currently folk literature, traditional music, traditional dance, traditional drama, folk art, traditional sports, amusement and acrobatics, traditional art, traditional skills, traditional medicine, folk customs and other categories.
People who don’t know about intangible cultural heritage may think that intangible cultural heritage only has such skills as opera and dough maker, but in fact, only from the classification of the representative project list, national-level intangible cultural heritage encompasses everything.
Data map: Hundreds of Tai Chi enthusiasts practice Tai Chi.
Photo by China News Agency reporter Luo Yunfei
Take the recently announced list of recommended items in the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative items list as an example, which includes folk literature such as Xuanzang Legend, Nüwa Legend, Baogong Story, etc., as well as Zhonghe Shaole, Temple of Heaven and God Music Office. Erhu art (Erhu art of Jiangnan Sun’s erhu) and other traditional music; there are traditional dances such as Liulangzhuang five tiger sticks, Russian tap dance, and Yijinjing (Tiantai Mountain Yijinjing), Qingcheng martial arts, spinning top, tug of war (ten thousand People pulling rope race) and other traditional sports, entertainment and acrobatics; there are Chinese cooking skills and food customs, Sichuan cooking skills, and Laba Festival customs and other folklore projects.
Data map: snail noodles being cooked.
Photo by Wang Yizhao
The reporter noticed that there are magic techniques (Baofeng Magic), snack making techniques (Shaxian snack making techniques, Huo Palace stinky tofu making techniques), rice noodle making techniques (Shahe noodle traditional making techniques, Liuzhou snail noodle making techniques, Guilin rice noodle making techniques) Skills), Guiling paste preparation skills, Kaili sour soup fish production skills, etc. have aroused discussion among netizens.
What is the origin of these projects?
Let me talk about illusion first.
In fact, in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects announced in 2014, there are already illusion projects, including illusion (Fu's illusion) and illusion (Zhou Huayi Magic).
The "illusion" mentioned here is actually what we call "magic" today.
Perhaps many people still remember the Tang Dynasty "illusion" in the movie "The Legend of the Demon Cat".
From today's perspective, these are actually magic or tricks.
It is worth mentioning that juggling is also a national intangible cultural heritage project.
Screenshot of the movie "The Legend of the Demon Cat"
As of today, Fu Yandong, who appeared on the Spring Festival Gala a few years ago, is the son of Fu Tenglong, the heir of Fu's illusion.
The rest of the food making skills such as snacks and rice noodles are probably common foods today.
The reporter searched the previous four batches of national intangible cultural heritage representative project lists, and there are many projects related to "eating".
For example, kimchi making skills (Korean kimchi making skills), traditional cooking skills of Shanghai local dishes, Dezhou braised chicken making skills, traditional pasta making skills (Guifaxiang 18th Street twist making skills), traditional pasta making skills (Tianjin Goubu Steamed bun making skills), traditional Douban making skills (Pixian Douban traditional making skills), pickles making skills (Liubiju pickles making skills), traditional pickles making skills (Fuling pickles making skills), vegetarian making skills (Gongdelin vegetarian food) Production skills), roast duck skills (Quanjude hanging oven roast duck skills), beef and mutton cooking skills (Donglaishun mutton production skills) are all national intangible heritage.
Data map: The cut vegetable shreds are being desalted in the machine.
Photo by Zhou Yi
Is it possible to include intangible cultural heritage as long as it is a dish?
Actually not.
The "Intangible Cultural Heritage Law of the People's Republic of China" that was implemented in 2011 clearly stated that the intangible cultural heritage referred to in this law refers to various traditional cultural expressions that have been passed down from generation to generation by people of all ethnic groups and regarded as part of their cultural heritage, and Objects and places related to traditional cultural expressions.
Including traditional oral literature and the language as its carrier; traditional art, calligraphy, music, dance, drama, folk art and acrobatics; traditional skills, medicine, and calendar; traditional etiquette, festivals and other folk customs; traditional sports and entertainment, and other intangible cultural heritage .
That is to say, intangible cultural heritage must be "passed on from generation to generation" while representing traditional culture.
Data map: Goubuli Baozi.
Photo by Lu Dazhong Image source: CTPphoto
Take Tianjin's "Goubuli" steamed bun making skills as an example, its history can be traced back to the 19th century.
It has unique operating methods in various aspects such as stuffing, mixing, kneading, rolling, kneading, and cooking.
Liubiju pickles.
Video screenshot
The Liubiju Old Sauce Garden was built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty and has a history of nearly 500 years.
In the China Intangible Cultural Heritage website, the introduction of the pickle making skills (Liubiju pickles making skills) project shows that the traditional making skills of pickles in Liubiju are known for their unique selection of materials, complex production, and rigorous craftsmanship. The method of ear-teaching is passed on from generation to generation.
This is highly praised in the notes of literati since the Qing Dynasty.
Data Map: Quanjude Roast Duck
Beijing Quanjude Roast Duck Restaurant was founded in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. Its hanging oven roast duck has formed a set of standard and standardized technological processes. The whole process consists of 4 processes including slaughtering and scalding, billeting, roasting, and duck slices.
According to this standard, many traditional domestic techniques may indeed be listed as intangible cultural heritage.
The reporter noticed that Chinese medical treatment (traditional pedicure in Tsinghua Chi) is also a national intangible heritage.
What other interesting intangible heritage projects do you know?
(Finish)