A theory that explains social events and developments as the effects of conspiracies is a conspiracy theory.
Conspiracy theorists, one might think, if one follows the current reporting or also speaks to clever friends and acquaintances, are somehow irrational weirdos that one shouldn't take seriously - at most to fight them, because maybe they are even dangerous.
The Chancellor even regards conspiracy theories as an “attack on our whole way of life” because, she believes, Europe has followed the path since the Enlightenment of building a “world view based on facts”, and then it is our whole way of life difficult to reconcile if a worldview is detached from facts or even anti-factual.
In terms of the philosophy of science, it is now a challenging task to demonstrate how precisely, for example, the worldview of physics is based on facts.
Physicists and philosophers have been discussing this for around 100 years.
The world view of physics, if one can use this term at all with good reasons, is based on the interactions of elementary particles or fields that cannot be seen and which are always described in detail.
The facts only come into play when it comes to explaining events that can actually be observed from the basic elements of the worldview.
And it is quite tolerable even for physicists to think about elementary building blocks that are detached from the facts in the sense that they cannot currently be proven by actual observations; think of the strings in string theory or dark matter in cosmology.