After the "life-saving artifact" enters the Beijing subway, first aid knowledge must be "standard"
Automatic external defibrillator (AED) is an extremely safe and simple "life-saving device", but most people don't know it.
Therefore, after the public rail transit is equipped with AEDs, it is necessary to popularize the use of AEDs to guide the people to dare and be able to save patients when they encounter sudden diseases.
According to reports, Beijing started to deploy automatic external defibrillators (AED) in rail transit stations on October 27, and the configuration has been completed at some stations.
It is expected that by the end of 2022, all rail transit stations in Beijing will achieve full coverage of AED equipment, and the first-line station personnel training rate will reach over 80%.
Why configure AED in public rail transit?
In addition to perfecting the configuration, what measures should be taken to maximize the effect of AED?
Rescue patients with cardiac arrest out of hospital is a problem
Before clarifying the purpose of AED, it is necessary to understand what a cardiac arrest is.
Under normal circumstances, the heart supplies blood to the whole body through rhythmic beating.
However, when the muscles in the heart cannot contract synchronously and replace them with peristaltic vibrations, the heart's pumping function will be lost.
If this fibrillation is not eliminated in time, it will quickly cause cardiac arrest, which will then lead to cardiac arrest.
When someone has a cardiac arrest, timely rescue is very important.
Data shows that for every minute of delay in rescue time, the survival rate of patients will be reduced by 7% to 10%.
Professor Xu Feng of Qilu School of Medicine of Shandong University said that the number of sudden deaths caused by cardiac arrest in the world ranks first. The annual incidence of sudden cardiac death in my country is 41.8 per 100,000, and the in-hospital survival rate is 9.1%, while the pre-hospital survival rate is only 1.3%.
There are special medical equipment in the hospital to rescue patients with cardiac arrest, but cardiac arrest mostly occurs in public places outside the hospital, such as public sports venues, transportation hubs (airports, train stations, subway stations, etc.), large shopping malls and Factories etc.
In 2015, the American Heart Association proposed that early emergency measures are very important to improve the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.
Data show that 80% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients are caused by ventricular fibrillation. The onset is sudden and progresses rapidly. The patient may die within minutes after the onset of the disease. Ventricular fibrillation must be corrected by electrical defibrillation.
AED is a portable medical device that can be used to diagnose specific arrhythmias and perform electrical defibrillation to rescue patients with cardiac arrest.
Unlike traditional defibrillators, AEDs can be used by non-medical professionals.
According to experts, when a patient with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is discovered, the first witness on the scene will use AED to defibrillate the patient, thereby improving the pre-hospital resuscitation rate and the success rate of in-hospital rescue of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
According to the "Expert Consensus on the Layout and Delivery of AEDs in China (2020)", at present, highly automated AEDs are easy to operate and are used by non-professionals after receiving training. There are very few errors. It can solve the problem that medical staff can not be the first time out of hospital cardiac arrest The problem of effective treatment of patients.
Therefore, experts suggest that AEDs should be deployed reasonably and effectively in public places to facilitate the rescue of patients with cardiac arrest.
In recent years, Shanghai, Beijing, Nanjing and other cities have vigorously promoted the popularization of AED.
In 2019, the Nanjing Red Cross purchased the first batch of 100 AEDs, 35 of which were installed in Nanjing subway transfer stations and high-traffic stations.
In April of this year, a woman in a fitness center near Nanjing Mufuyuan subway station suffered a cardiac arrest. The fitness center coach, subway station master, police officer on duty, etc. successively performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the woman and used the subway station set up AED defibrillated the woman and successfully saved her.
First aid equipment should be popularized in public places
"Making first aid equipment and facilities become standard in public places can speed up emergency response, strive for prime time for first aid, and reduce mortality outside the hospital." Dong Peng, director of the Department of Cardiology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, was interviewed by a reporter from Science and Technology Daily. Said.
The American Heart Association (AHA) course instructor and China’s national emergency rescuer Zhu Lu told the Science and Technology Daily reporter: “At present, we are only popularizing AED in public transportation places such as subways and airports. In the future, it should be extended to buses, taxis and other transportation vehicles. ."
In addition to public rail transit stations, what other places should be equipped with AED equipment?
The "Expert Consensus on China's AED Layout and Release (2020)" recommends that schools, medical institutions, stadiums, large supermarkets, department stores, theaters, amusement parks and other densely populated and mobile places and high-risk families should also be equipped with AEDs And related emergency equipment.
According to factors such as the regional population base and first aid needs, according to the principle of "100-200 AEDs per 100,000 people", a reasonable number of AEDs in public places can be determined, and AEDs can be uniformly planned.
In recent years, the AED allocation rate in some cities has increased significantly.
However, Wu Lin, chief physician of the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, said that from a national perspective, there are only about 20,000 AEDs deployed in public places, and there are less than one per 100,000 people, which is far from enough for every 100,000 people in my country. More than 41 people suffered sudden death in emergency needs.
He suggested that governments at all levels attach importance to and support the configuration of AED.
When deploying AEDs in public places, the principle should be that the first witness can obtain the AED and rush to the patient in a short time.
At normal room temperature, brain cells will be irreversibly damaged after 4 minutes of cardiac arrest. If the time is more than 10 minutes, even if the patient is rescued, it may be brain death.
Therefore, it is very important to grasp the "golden 4 minutes" for rescue.
Experts suggest that the government take the lead in designing the AED layout network, constructing the AED network and system, uniformly managing the registration of AED information on the network, and drawing AED maps using information technology.
At the same time, it is recommended that the government clarify the legal liability of the installation and application of AED, and promote the formulation or revision of AED-related legal provisions.
The government is leading the deployment of AEDs in public places, and enterprises and individuals are encouraged to donate. At the same time, qualified units are also encouraged to deploy AEDs by themselves.
Someone once reported that although some public places are equipped with AEDs, it is difficult to notice the specific location of the AED.
In this regard, experts suggest that when placing the AED, there should be a fixed and eye-catching logo, follow the scientific installation requirements, and maintain the AED equipment regularly and by personnel to ensure the safety and practicality of the AED equipment, so that everyone can rescue the "golden 4 minutes" in a panic situation. AED was quickly found within.
Let people who encounter sudden illnesses dare to save them
At the two sessions in Beijing this year, Wang Yixin, director of the General Medical Department of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, suggested that educational institutions at all levels should strengthen education in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Yong Li, a member of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, suggested that the AED should specify the applicable symptoms, be equipped with video teaching, and broadcast repeatedly so that passengers can understand how to use the AED in case of emergency.
"In addition to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the deployment of AEDs, there is also guidance for the people to dare and be able to save patients who encounter sudden diseases." Zhu Lu said.
Feng Haihe, captain of the Red Cross Legal Work Volunteer Service Team in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, said: “AED is an extremely safe and simple'life-saving artifact', but most people don’t know it. However, even people who have never operated it, according to The sound prompt on the device can be used to master the device, and it is not too difficult to use."
Gao Wei, a physician in the emergency department of Beijing Miyun District Hospital, said that AED operation can be memorized four steps-turn on, stick electrodes, wait for the analysis results, and listen to defibrillation prompts.
After the AED analysis is completed, if the patient develops ventricular fibrillation, the instrument will alert by sound or graphic alarm.
After confirming that no one is in contact with the patient, press the "shock" button.
Experts said that when an electric shock occurs, the patient will have sudden convulsions. If defibrillation is not required, the AED will not give a prompt.
Even if the defibrillation button is clicked by mistake, the instrument will not discharge.
In July 2019, the Healthy China Action Promotion Committee announced the “Healthy China Action (2019-2030)”, which included “actively participating in escape and first aid training, learning basic escape skills and first aid skills” into the action goal, and proposed “by 2022” 1% and 3% of the personnel who obtained first aid training certificates in 2030 and 2030 respectively", according to the 1:50 ratio of teachers and students, the teachers and staff of primary and secondary schools will be trained for public welfare of first aiders.
It is reported that in developed countries, mastering first aid technology has become a basic skill for many people.
The penetration rate of emergency care skills in Germany is as high as 80%, and that in France is 40%, while the penetration rate of adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation in my country is less than 1%.
Jia Dacheng, an emergency expert at Beijing Emergency Center, said: “Learning first aid skills is to be responsible to your family and those around you. Every family should have at least one or two people mastering some basic first aid skills.”
In addition to AEDs, Jia Dacheng believes that public places should also be equipped with first aid kits, which usually include triangle bandages, bandages, tourniquets, splints, band-aids, etc.
Zhu Lu said that the most urgent task is to popularize first aid knowledge among the public and enhance public awareness of first aid.