The all-round development of moral, intellectual, physical, art, and labor that has been shouting for many years is finally about to become true.
On October 15, according to Xinhua News Agency, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving School Sports Work in the New Era" and "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving School Aesthetic Education in the New Era".
The two high-standard documents put forward clear requirements for sports and aesthetic education from the perspective of comprehensive training of people, and also give a clear road map and timetable for the construction of the evaluation system for sports and aesthetic education.
Wang Dengfeng, director of the Department of Sports, Health and Art Education of the Ministry of Education, emphasized that it is necessary to continuously summarize the experience of the physical education entrance examination and increase the scores year by year to "reach the level of the same score as the number of foreign languages." On this basis, it is necessary to immediately start the physical education entrance examination. Research in scoring.
As for aesthetic education, in addition to the existing comprehensive evaluation, it is necessary to promote the high school entrance examination for aesthetic education as soon as possible on the basis of pilot projects.
One stone stirred up a thousand waves.
Some parents worry that in the future, in addition to language and mathematics training classes, they will also enroll their children in sports, music, and art training classes.
Will the burden be heavier if I take more exams and learn more?
The real purpose is to make students move
The school sports and aesthetic education have been shouting for many years, but it seems that it is not really implemented.
Wang Dengfeng commented that this document on physical education and aesthetic education clearly defines the significance and value of school physical education and aesthetic education in the entire education and personal growth and development for the first time.
General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech at the National Education Conference highly summarized the value of sports and the role that sports should play as the goal of "four in one", that is, through school sports including physical education, physical exercise and sports competitions, students can enjoy fun , Enhance physical fitness, improve personality, temper will.
And the core meaning and value of aesthetic education is to cultivate students' deep comprehensive literacy.
The shaping of aesthetic and humanistic qualities requires students to master artistic knowledge and skills, they need to have the ability to experience and appreciate beauty and art, and each student needs to master one or two artistic specialties.
The reform of sports and aesthetic education requires schools to teach, practice diligently, and regularly compete (exhibition), which puts forward higher requirements on the basic conditions of schools.
The document requires that all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should formulate a three-year action plan for the construction of school sports and aesthetic education teachers and the construction of sports and aesthetic education venues and facilities to make up for the shortcomings of teachers and venues.
However, if we really want to strengthen and improve school sports and aesthetic education, and mobilize the enthusiasm of the whole society, we still have to improve the evaluation system.
Improving the scores of the physical education entrance examination and studying the physical education entrance examination and the aesthetic education entrance examination is actually to force the school to open up, open enough, and provide good physical education and aesthetic education courses.
Wang Zongping, director of the Business Research Center of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, told the reporter of Science and Technology Daily that the purpose of the sports test is to make students move and go out. This is a "last resort".
"What we really want to leverage is the college entrance examination. If the baton does not move, it is really not easy to change." Wang Zongping said that there is what kind of evaluation baton there is, what kind of school guidance.
It is a pair of invisible hands that profoundly influence the government's view of educational achievement, the school's view of education quality, the parents' view of children's success and the society's view of selecting and employing people.
Chen Peijie, dean of the Shanghai Institute of Physical Education and deputy director of the University Sports Education Commission, pointed out that from a practical point of view, the inclusion of sports in the high school entrance examination has played a positive role in improving the physical health of young people.
The physical health monitoring of students carried out by the Ministry of Education shows that the physical health of the third grade of junior high school and the first grade of high school is significantly better than other grades.
The burden of schoolwork should be reduced accordingly
On October 28, the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education held a hearing on the Aesthetic Education Examination Program for Junior Middle School Students in Yunnan Province.
According to the hearing news, Yunnan Province will greatly increase the scores of junior high school students' sports and aesthetic education examinations-sports scores will be increased from 50 to 100, and music and art scores will be increased from 10 to 40.
Wang Zongping said that this has played a good role in demonstrating and leading other regions.
The status of sports has been elevated, and some people are worried.
Someone pointed out that the large individual differences in physical fitness of students and high sports scores may lead to unfairness.
"This is still related to social concepts." Wang Zongping said, there are also differences in talents in subjects such as language and mathematics.
Some people can easily get high scores, some people practice repeatedly, but everyone accepts this difference in talent, as if its existence is reasonable.
Why is it difficult to accept differences in talents in sports?
"Sports performance will be affected by genetics and other factors, you say it is unfair; but professional talent is also related to genetics, why is everyone recognized?" he said.
Wang Zongping believes that it is because everyone feels that sports are not that important.
"We need an ideological revolution. Being able to run and jump is the same as being good at Chinese and mathematics. It is also a manifestation of ability." He emphasized.
Wang Dengfeng also believes that one of the most important meanings of the reform is to change the concept, to make the whole society realize the importance of physical education and aesthetic education to the all-round growth and development of a student. “Strengthening the work of physical education and aesthetic education for students is not to increase students’ extra burden. It will not affect the academic performance of cultural courses. This is a process of mutual promotion."
However, Wang Zongping said that if the workload of students is not reduced, the amount of simple mechanical repetitive tasks is not reduced, and the number of subject trainings they participate in is not reduced, it will still be difficult to strengthen and improve school physical education.
He advocated "one reduction, one increase, one guarantee", which means to reduce the burden of schoolwork, increase outdoor sports and ensure students' sleep time.
"Parents can rest assured that the degree of distinction of performance brought by sports is far lower than that of subjects such as language and mathematics." Wang Zongping suggested that one or two areas can be selected for pilot projects in areas that have not yet implemented a new round of college entrance examination reforms. Physical education is included in the elective subjects. The elective physical subjects can miss one other cultural subject. The choice is given to students, with a point to the point, to "promote colleges and universities to add sports items in the enrollment test".
Let more children enjoy high-quality aesthetic education
Liu Bing, chairman of Beijing Yimeida Education Technology Co., Ltd. and founder of SAE Art Education Platform, noticed the response from all walks of life since the release of the document.
In an interview with a reporter from Science and Technology Daily, she pointed out that aesthetic education is actually "aesthetic education" and "aesthetic education"; aesthetic education is to cultivate and improve people's ability to distinguish, appreciate and create beauty in real life and artistic works; with economic development, aesthetic education It is also one of the necessary means and methods to enrich the spiritual life.
"The student period is the critical period for the formation of aesthetic ability. Aesthetic education is an indispensable pillar of the school's implementation of quality education. Its relationship with subject education is not addition, but integration."
Previously, some parents thought that only wealthy families could learn art.
Liu Bing believes that the document proposes that schools should strengthen aesthetic education work, which has changed the situation in which aesthetic education must be obtained through social purchases.
"This is not causing unfairness. To a certain extent, it gives more children the opportunity to receive high-quality aesthetic education."
According to Wang Dengfeng, currently 4 provinces and cities across the country have promoted art entrance examinations, and 12 prefectures and cities in 5 provinces have implemented reforms in aesthetic education entrance examinations, with scores ranging from 10 to 40. "Next, this This work must be accelerated, and the practice of the Aesthetic Education Entrance Examination in these provinces and relevant cities must be summarized, including how they test, how to score, how to conduct process evaluation, etc., and organize experts to conduct research, summary and analysis." Wang Dengfeng said.
Liu Bing said, judging from the specific practices of the two pilot pilots in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, the difficulty of written examinations and interviews are within the scope of universality.
For children in economically developed areas, the scope of the test does not exceed the content of school teaching.
In other words, if parents do not have higher requirements for children's aesthetic education, they do not need to participate in extracurricular training.
"In the past, even many big cities were'limping', and other areas did not pay much attention to aesthetic education courses. Now reforming the evaluation system at least forces everyone to make up for the lesson of aesthetic education no matter where they are." Liu Bing With emotion.
Fan Di'an, president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, chairman of the Chinese Artists Association, and deputy director of the Art Education Committee of the Ministry of Education, believes that what urgently needs to be resolved is the construction of the teaching staff.
"Our art academies have a relatively complete discipline system and rich teaching resources. In addition to doing a good job in their own aesthetic education, they also have the responsibility to make due contributions to the training of various types of aesthetic education teachers at all levels. Resources are inclined to the western region and remote areas." He said.
Related Links
How to test sports aesthetics?
Yunnan first try first
On December 27, 2019, the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education issued the "Implementation Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of the Enrollment System for Senior High School Exams", which raised the physical exam scores to 100 points, which is the same as the scores of Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages. This makes Yunnan become At present, the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have the highest proportion of sports in the middle school entrance examination.
The reform goals have been established, how should the subsequent specific examinations be tested?
On October 28, 2020, the "Yunnan Province Junior High School Students Sports, Music and Art Examination Scheme" (hereinafter referred to as the "Examination Scheme") hearing was held in Kunming.
The biggest highlight of the "Examination Plan" is the significant increase in test scores. Sports 50 points are directly increased to 100 points, and music and art points are increased from 10 to 40 points. The second is that the test pays more attention to the process and avoids the result of one test. Physical education is adjusted to junior high school three-year one exam to one year two exams, and aesthetic education is adjusted to junior high school art assessment + art unified examination + art practice activities; third, students' participation in sports competitions and artistic practice activities are included in the sports aesthetic education exam results, and students are encouraged to participate actively Various sports competitions and aesthetic education performances guide students to learn 1 or 2 lifelong sports skills and aesthetic education skills.
In order to ensure fairness and fairness in the examination, the "Examination Plan" fully considers the individual differences of students, such as visual acuity, height and body mass index, vital capacity and body mass index assignments from the original horizontal comparison points to the students' own vertical comparison points, simply It means comparing yourself with yourself; the second is to set up a number of major items in the competition to add points, so that tall, short, fat and thin students have the opportunity to participate in various sports competitions, to achieve the personalized development of students; The single examination of students’ physical fitness has become the main examination of students’ physical health monitoring, basic physical fitness tests, special skills tests, and competition bonus points; fourthly, art practice activities have been added to the music and art examinations, and the participation of everyone and everyone is adhered to. Many students participate in artistic practice activities.