Jiang Ziya: From the ancestor of the military family to the Taoist priest
Jiang Ziya is an extremely important person in the Chinese mythology system, and all the gods must obey him.
He is also an extremely important person in traditional Chinese classics, not only through the four classics and five classics, but also through the modern storytelling novels.
But his identity, from the original official eyes of the wise and brave military ancestor Tai Gongwang, became the immortal Taoist Jiang Ziya in the eyes of the world to save the common people.
Moved from the Spring Festival file to the animation "Jiang Ziya" screened on the National Day file
Wise man
The protagonists in most myths in our country are fictitious. Unlike most myths, Jiang Ziya has a real person in history.
He evolved from Lu Shang, the founder of the Zhou Dynasty.
There are different surnames in ancient times. Surnames indicate blood tribes, and surnames indicate branches of surnames, and are the titles of noble clan systems.
Lu Shang was named Lu Family because his ancestors were named Lu Di.
The historical records include the names "Lu Shang" and "Lu Ya", and the honorary titles are "Jiang Taigong", "Tai Gongwang" and "Shangfu".
After the Qin and Han dynasties, the surnames were mixed, "Lu Ya" became "Jiang Ziya".
In history, Jiang Taigong helped Zhou to destroy Shang, and was the first hero of the Zhou Dynasty. He was known as "Jiang Ziya who prospered Zhou for eight hundred years."
Before he met Xi Bochang, he remained unknown.
Jiang Ziya was admired by Xi Bochang because he used wisdom to attract Mingjun's attention in a way that others could not think of.
"Historical Records: The Family of Qi Taigong" records that Jiang Ziya was still poor when he was old, so he took the opportunity of fishing to see Zhou Xibo.
Sima Qian called him "fishing for Zhou Xibo", and he cleverly attracted Xibochang's attention.
This story has evolved into the familiar Jiang Taigong straight hook fishing in the Pinghua "Wu Wang's Fighting against Zhou Pinghua" in the Yuan Dynasty.
Jiang Ziya is very conceited of his talents.
"Because of his punctuality, Jiang Shang directly hooked the fish in the Weishui, without the food of incense bait, three feet above the surface of the water, and Shang said to himself:'Come and catch the dead!
In the famous Ming Dynasty mythical novel "The Romance of the Gods", Jiang Ziya became the first protagonist. He once studied under the Yuanshi Tianzun, one of the Three Qing Dynasties, in Kunlun Mountain. The respected teacher ordered down the mountain to undertake two major tasks: Great responsibility, the great responsibility of the fairy world.
The starting point of his fame was also fishing in Weishui.
The 2006 edition of "Feng Shen Bang", Jiang Ziya (played by Liu Dekai) straight hook fishing
"Historical Records" also mentioned another saying of Jiang Ziya's return to Zhou, "The Taigong has learned a lot and tasted things. If there is no way, go to it. Lobbying the princes, nothing happens, and die west to Zhou Xibo." "Feng Shen Yanyi" According to this passage, Jiang Ziya has expanded the life experience of Shi Zhou, avoiding Zhou, and discussing Zhou.
He served as the next doctor of King Zhou and was granted the post of Sitian Supervisor.
He realized that King Zhou had no way, and his companion was like a tiger, and wisely fled to Xiqi.
"Historical Records" also regards Jiang Ziya as the strategist and ancestor of military strategists, and is the chief conspirator of Wu Wang Ke Yin.
The "conspiracy" between Xi Bochang and Jiang Ziya carried out a moral government to overthrow the Shang and Zhou regime. They used a lot of tactics and tricks. The future generations respected the Taigong when they talked about the use of soldiers and secret power.
"The world is divided into three parts, and the second one returns to the Zhou Dynasty. The Taigong's scheme is mostly." "Sun Tzu Art of War · Yongjian Pian" mentioned: "In the past, Yin was prospered, and Yi Zhi was in Xia; Zhou was also prosperous, and Lu Ya was in Yin. So Ming Junxian. Those who are able to perform the above-mentioned wisdom will achieve great success.” Sun Wu also believes that Jiang Ziya also acted as a spy during the Shang Dynasty, and provided information about King Zhou to Xiqi, an excellent military strategist.
Legend has it that Jiang Ziya was also the author of my country's first military book "Six Secret Teachings", so "Six Secret Teachings" was also called "Taigong Art of War".
The main content of "Six Secret Teachings" is a question and answer between King Zhou Wu and Taigong Jiang on military and political topics.
The content of "Six Secret Teachings" is broad and profound, with mystery and Taoism.
"Historical Records: The Family of Liuhou" mentioned that the reason why Zhang Liang was able to help the Han eradicate the Qin and Chu and become the "Zhang Zifang who prospered the Han for four hundred years" relied on the "Six Taoist" taught to him by Huang Shigong.
"Six Secret Teachings"
God of War
Jiang Ziya was not only the prime minister of the Western Zhou Dynasty, but also the chief marshal of the generals.
The 67th chapter of "The Romance of the Gods" "Jiang Ziya Jintai Admiration" mentioned that Jiang Ziya's marshal title at the time was "Sweep up as Grand Marshal Tang Tianbao."
As everyone knows, Jiang Ziya's record in the book is extremely poor, and he is often beaten down by others, relying on the support of his master and brothers.
Not to mention the performance is far inferior to his brothers, and even worse than his nephew.
Kong Xuan once insulted him: "Jiang Shang has the name of a marshal, he does not go as a marshal, and he is afraid of the sword and avoids the sword. How can such a man become a marshal?"
Jiang Ziya was awarded the seal of handsome
In fact, Jiang Ziya had always been regarded as a brave general before the Ming Dynasty.
"The Book of Songs·Daya·The King of Wen" describes Jiang Ziya’s demeanor in the battle of Muye, “Muye Yangyang, Tan Che Huanghuang, and Lumen Peng Peng. Master Wei is the father, Shi Wei Yingyang.” The father Jiang Taigong is like spreading his wings. High-flying eagle.
"Historical Records: Zhou Benji" records in more detail: "The King Wu made the master Shangfu and Baifu send to the teacher, and the emperor and the emperor with the big pawn." Jiang Ziya commanded a small team of warriors, and took the lead to charge the merchant army.
The Eastern Han Confucianist Zhao Qi believed that Jiang Ziya was a brave general, "Lu Shang has a courageous plan, but is a general; Sanyi is born with culture and virtue, but is a character. So it is also in terms of matching."
Jiang Ziya's thought of governing the country is regarded as the source of Taoist thought. He advocates rest with the people and governs by doing nothing.
He has always been respected by Confucianism.
"Mencius" is the book with the highest evaluation of King Wu's defeating the king. Mencius once said: "When you hear a man, you will kill you, but you have never heard of a king."
With the establishment of Li Tang, Jiang Ziya unexpectedly achieved equal status with Confucius.
The royal family of the Tang Dynasty took Taoism founder Lao Tzu Li Er as the ancestor, and regarded Taoism as the state religion, and Jiang Ziya's status was quickly elevated.
Beginning in the Wei and Jin dynasties, it was said that Jiang Ziya’s fishing place was Fengxi.
After Tang Taizong Li Shimin ascended the throne, he established Taigong Temple in Fengxi.
Diaoyutai, Dunxi, Baoji, Shaanxi
In the nineteenth year of Kaiyuan (731), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered all prefectures to build a Taigong Temple, with Jiang Ziya as the main worship, and ten other predecessor military strategists as the companions, of which Zhang Liang was the deputy.
Taigong Temple's animal products and ritual and music system are the same as those of Confucian Temple.
He also stipulated that when the generals were appointed, they must first visit the Taigong Temple.
Eight years later, Jiang Ziya became the "King of Wucheng", officially on par with "King of Wenxuan" Confucius.
In the third year of Jianzhong (782), at the suggestion of Yan Zhenqing, Jiang Ziya’s number of worshippers increased to 64 famous generals.
Zhaolie Wucheng Temple, Yanshi, Henan
Jiang Ziya was accidentally sanctified by the Taoist Laozi, but later by the Confucian Mencius.
When Zhu Yuanzhang read "Mencius", he saw sentences such as "The king treats his ministers as grass and mustards, and his ministers treat him as enemies." "The people are the most valuable, the society is the next, and the king is the light." He thinks this is a great rebellion.
It just so happened that Mencius spoke highly of Jiang Ziya's revitalization of Shang Zhou, and Jiang Ziya was also disgusted by Zhu Yuanzhang.
Zhu Yuanzhang hated Wu and Wu, and abolished Jiang Ziya's Wu Temple and the posthumous title of "Wu Cheng Wang".
The excuse for the posthumous title being abolished is that the titles of King Wu Cheng and King Wu of Zhou are the same, which is an overstepping.
However, Guan Yu, the new war god of war temple introduced by the Ming Dynasty, was not only crowned king, but also crowned emperor.
In this way, in the real world of the Ming Dynasty, the status of Jiang Ziya's "War God" was replaced by Guan Yu; in the literary world, his image was also affected.
In "The Romance of the Gods", which was born between Longqing and Wanli, there appeared the phenomenon that the foreign god of war, Bishamontian, split into the king of Tota, Li Jing, and the king of Duowen, Molihong. Jiang Ziya also split into a clone of the god of war, Wucheng King. Huang Feihu.
Xiandao Jiang Ziya
In "Feng Shen Yan Yi", Jiang Ziya's historical image of God of War and the posthumous title of "Wu Cheng Wang" were taken away by the fictional character Huang Feihu.
Where did the name "Huang Feihu" come from?
This starts with Jiang Ziya’s nickname "Flying Bear", let us return to the book "Six Secret Teachings".
The first story of "Six Secret Teachings" mentioned that Xi Bochang went hunting on the north bank of the Weihe River and asked Taishi to make divination in advance.
Taishi compiled the divination and said that Xibo would get a great harvest.
He is "not a dragon, nor a chi, nor a tiger, nor a scorpion", but a princely talent, a teacher given to you by God.
The legend of "Four Fei" was later simplified as "Lu Wangfei Xiong (罴 is a bear)", that is, "Lu Wang is not a bear".
Later generations gradually used "Fei Xiong" as the name of Jiang Ziya, such as Li Bai's "Big Hunting Fu": "Carrying Fei Xiong in Weibin."
Lu Wang's "Four Fei" Legend
After the Song Dynasty, literati who did not understand why they misunderstood "Lvwangfeixiong" as "Lvwangzi (number)feixiong"; then someone mistakenly wrote "feixiong" as "feixiong".
"Heluo Zhenshu·Secrets of Poetry Breaking" signed by Chen Tuan said: "Flying bears in the Weishui River are still in their dreams, and discipline is focused on the future." field".
Jiang Ziya thus had the name "Flying Bear".
With "Flying Bear", there will be "Flying Tiger" naturally.
In the Yuan Dynasty "The King of Wu Defeats Zhou Ping Hua", Huang Feihu was just a passer-by; in "The Romance of the Gods", he and Jiang Ziya became the right arm of Zhou Wu Wang.
In addition to using the image of God of War and the posthumous title of "Wu Chengwang", many elements of Huang Feihu are also related to Jiang Ziya.
Huang Feihu was named the Great Emperor of Dongyue Taishan Qiren, in charge of good fortune and bad luck in the world.
Mount Tai in Dongyue belongs to Qi land, which is the fief of Jiang Ziya in history.
In charge of the good, bad, bad and fortune of the world, Jiang Ziya is in charge of the gods and coincides with his ambition to save the common people.
Jiang Ziya's mount is also his own incarnation, and the origin is also the "four nons", because Jiang Ziya is "not a dragon, not a chi, not a tiger, or a tiger."
In the novel, the Four Differences are the mounts sent by Yuanshi Tianzun to Jiang Ziya, and the image is "Lintou and tail like a dragon".
A unicorn is the length of a beast, and a dragon is the length of a scale insect, and both are beasts.
Chi is a scorpion, a beast that can distinguish right from wrong, and can recognize good and evil.
It can be seen that the four nonsense is a beast that punishes evil and rapes.
The four insignificances in the movie are usually small white cute creatures, which can be transformed and restored to the original image of "the head and tail is like a dragon" in the fighting state.
Four non-phase
"Jiang Ziya" Four Phase Transformation Poster
After Lu Shang (Jiang Ziya)'s image of the God of War and the legend of the "Four Fei" differentiated into the Wucheng King Huang Feihu and the Four Dissidents, Jiang Ziya became a single-functional immortal Taoist priest.
The immortalization of wise men is a very interesting phenomenon in traditional Chinese culture. Zhang Liang, Zhuge Liang, and Li Jing all became immortals in romance novels.
"Historical Records" records that the Taigong "died more than a hundred years".
The later "Legend of Immortals" directly regarded Jiang Ziya as an elder immortal, "Lu Shang was a native of Jizhou. He was born with intellect, foreseeing survival...with two hundred years of death." Therefore, the pre-Qin classics to the Ming Dynasty In "Fengshen Yanyi", Jiang Ziya has always been an elderly person.
The 1990 version of "Feng Shen Bang", Lan Lan Ye played Jiang Ziya
At the end of "The Romance of Conferred Gods", Jiang Ziya's status reached its peak. He hit the whip with one hand and the list of the gods with the other. All the gods had to obey him.
Not only that, folklore believes that Zhang Liang, Zhuge Liang, and Liu Bowen are all reincarnations of Jiang Ziya, and all the credit for these people is attributed to Jiang Ziya.
It can be seen how much Jiang Ziya is revered among the people.
The Ming Dynasty government deprived Jiang Ziya of his posthumous title, but it greatly increased his civil prestige.
The image of Jiang Ziya in the movie is relatively young and has been changed to a middle-aged Taoist priest.
No matter how his image changes, his quality of heart and kindness and his ambition to save the world are still preserved.
No matter how his image changes, as long as he has the heart to save the world and the people, he is the unruly Jiang Taigong in people's minds.
(This article is from The Paper. For more original information, please download the "The Paper" APP)
Xu Chunwei