Beijing’s new waste sorting rules for the 100th day. In July, the volume of other wastes dropped by 26% year-on-year, and the waste that needs to be incinerated was reduced. The
problem of mixed investment needs to be solved.
On August 8, Tiantan Park, Yongwai Sub-district Office organized community residents to participate in the "Garbage Sorting, You and Me Walk" walking activity. The picture shows the garbage disposal point, where residents put the sorted garbage cards into the corresponding garbage bins. Beijing News reporter Wu Ning
Residents who participated in yesterday's walking activity sorted garbage according to the content of the card. Beijing News reporter Wu Ning
On July 30, at New World Homes in Dongcheng District, community staff sent garbage classification instructions to residents' homes. Beijing News reporter Wu Jiang
On July 30, in New World Homes, Dongcheng District, residents put a bag of kitchen waste into a trash can equipped with a bag breaker. The bag breaker will break the plastic bag, dump the garbage, and then transfer the plastic bag to other trash cans. Beijing News reporter Wu Jiang
On August 8, the new "Regulations of Beijing Municipality on the Management of Domestic Waste" was implemented for 100 days.
As of the end of July, the daily average daily separation of household kitchen waste in Beijing was 1,764 tons, an increase of 137% from May. In some communities, more and more residents are willing to put food waste in broken bags. Volunteers at the trash can station stick to it as always, “I will tell them directly when I see residents who are not classified, and I can’t be afraid of losing face.”
In order to guide more ordinary residents to participate, Beijing will comprehensively roll out the "staring bucket tactic" and mobilize seven types of people to sink into the community to participate in the bucket front duty. The "Garbage Classification Collection" WeChat applet launched by the Beijing Municipal Urban Management Committee can query the types of garbage in text, photos or voice. Many streets and communities also use "artifacts" such as bag breakers to reduce the difficulty of delivery.
After 20 years of exploration, the classification of domestic waste in Beijing is entering a new stage.
Increased food waste separation
At 6:50 am on August 2nd, at New World Homes, Chongwai Street, Dongcheng District, Liu Jingyun, wearing a green vest and gloves for garbage sorting volunteers, came to a group of trash can stations under No. 6 in advance.
She first checked whether there was any wrong garbage in each bin, focusing on the food waste bin with the largest amount of garbage. Then use bamboo clips to pick up a bag of garbage from the kitchen waste bin, break the plastic bag with your hands, pour the food residue into the kitchen waste bin, and then throw the garbage bag into other garbage bins.
At the end of June this year, Beijing announced the "Interim Regulations on the Management of Unqualified Food Waste Classification and Non-Receipt". The collection and transportation of food waste is more stringent. If it is obviously mixed with other types of garbage, it is judged as unqualified. "Judging from the situation of the community trash cans, the number of residents willing to break the bags is gradually increasing." Liu Jingyun said.
According to her observation, the elderly in the community are mostly willing to sort garbage. "When I was standing guard, when I saw residents who didn't classify, I told the other party directly that I shouldn't be afraid of losing face. When I met those who were really disobedient, I would reclassify the garbage they throw away."
Sorting garbage is not Liu Jingyun's responsibility, but two full-time garbage sorting instructors dispatched by the property to New World Home. "But it's hard to sort them out every day. When I'm free, I help sort some."
The 71-year-old Liu Jingyun worked in the construction industry in his early years and has been a community volunteer for more than ten years after retiring. In April this year, the community issued a notice to collect garbage sorting volunteers. Liu Jingyun took the initiative to sign up and became one of the 13 garbage sorting volunteers in New World Homes.
After the Beijing epidemic prevention and control response level was downgraded, Chongwai Subdistrict, like other communities, resumed the promotion of household garbage classification. Liu Jingyun also participated in delivering garbage classification proposal letters and classification guidelines to residents. The amount of food waste separation is currently an indicator for judging the effectiveness of waste classification. Data from the monitoring platform of Chongwai Street shows that from July 20 to 26, the amount of food waste separation in this street increased by 2546 kg compared with the previous week. 5.4%.
The overall situation of front-end waste sorting in Beijing is also picking up. According to statistics from the Beijing Municipal Management Committee, the average daily amount of household kitchen waste in Beijing was 1764 tons in July, an increase of 137% compared to May; other waste removals in July The average amount was 19,960 tons, a decrease of 26% year-on-year, which means that the amount of garbage that needs to be incinerated has been reduced.
Liu Jianguo, a professor at the School of Environment of Tsinghua University, said that during the epidemic prevention period, the neighborhoods and communities have formed a refined management model, and residents have also developed hygiene habits and awareness of rules, which will become an advantage in promoting waste classification. “Volunteer forces that originally participated in the prevention and control of the epidemic can be assigned a part to be responsible for the guidance and supervision of garbage classification. Taking into account the different conditions of the neighborhoods and communities, good garbage classification experience should be summarized and promoted, and the supervision of problems should make up for the shortcomings. Form an atmosphere of universal participation as soon as possible."
The mixed investment problem is still prominent
However, the new version of domestic waste classification still has problems to be solved.
At 6 o'clock in the morning on August 1, 65-year-old Yang Fuqun (pseudonym) rode a three-wheeled garbage truck to a sorting garbage can station on the east side of the third district of Fangxingyuan, Fengtai District, and started the first garbage sorting of the day .
He skillfully used a long bamboo clip to pick out plastic bags, takeaway boxes, cigarette boxes and other debris from the kitchen waste bin and throw them into other trash bins aside. After a summer night, the high temperature caused the food waste to ferment in the bucket. Even with the mask, the sour smell still poured into the nasal cavity like tide.
After finishing sorting all kinds of trash cans at this site in half an hour, Yang Fuqun continued to clean the roads in the community and clean and disinfect the residential buildings. He works in the community at 6-11 and 14-17 every day, and takes a half-day rest on weekends. During working hours, these processes are repeated many times.
Yang Fuqun's job is a cleaner in the third district of Fangxingyuan. On May 1 this year, Beijing’s new domestic waste sorting regulations came into effect. There is no full-time waste sorting instructor in the three districts of Fangxingyuan, and the property cleaners take on the task of sorting waste. After more than three months, although graphic guides for garbage classification have been posted in residential buildings and next to the trash can stations in the community, judging from the various debris picked out by Yang Fuqun in the trash cans, the effect of garbage classification by residents is still not good. As expected.
"Only a few residents are willing to sort, and most people mix garbage in bags and throw them away." Yang Fuqun said. During the interview, a man brought a large bag of mixed trash to the trash can station and threw it directly into other trash cans. Yang Fuqun then suggested that the trash bag was sorted a second time, and he was "used".
The staff of the second branch of Fangzhuang Property Company, who is in charge of the waste classification in the third district of Fangxingyuan, said that the management department has made great efforts to inspect the waste classification, but the actual participation of the residents in the community is not high. For the time being, it can only be sorted through the part-time property cleaning staff. Alternative to garbage.
According to data released by the Beijing Municipal Management Committee, the current awareness rate of garbage classification in Beijing is above 80%, and 97% of residential communities have carried out publicity activities. However, the reporter recently visited several communities in Xicheng and Fengtai and found that the problem of mixed waste dumping by residents was prominent, and a large part of the pressure was transferred to the staff such as waste sorters and cleaners. Even in New World Homes where the implementation of garbage sorting is relatively good, instructors spend three to four hours a day sorting out the wrong garbage.
In this context, the enforcement of garbage classification inspection has been strengthened. From May 1 to July 31, the law enforcement agencies investigated and punished 3,323 individual violations, and the number of cases filed for individual violations accounted for 58.20% of the total number of cases.
In the law enforcement inspections on the classification of personal domestic garbage, the problematic areas are mainly concentrated in residential communities and surrounding roads. The main illegal acts include failing to put domestic garbage into correspondingly labeled collection containers, dumping, throwing, and stacking urban domestic garbage at will. Regulations for dumping construction waste, etc.
Use multiple methods to reduce the difficulty of resident classification
"The ultimate goal of implementing garbage classification is not to separate garbage, but to improve the level of grassroots refined management and social civilization through this grasp." Liu Jianguo believes that guiding residents to participate in general is the most difficult and most important part of the solution. With this problem, the road ahead will be relatively smooth.
To this end, Beijing will fully roll out the "stare barrel tactic".
On August 3, Zhao Jigui, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Civil Affairs, introduced that seven types of people will be mobilized to sink into the community to participate in the bucket front duty, including cadres of party and government agencies, enterprises and institutions, school students, industrial, youth and women’s federations, trade associations, and street Co-construction units, mass organizations, and social organizations in the Xiang community. “The community first makes good use of the existing garbage sorting instructor team, strengthens management and training, as the main force in front of the bucket. At the same time, the community can organize the dean of the door, grid members, party members, and enthusiastic people to participate in the watch.”
Various types of on-duty personnel can sign up for participation through the "Volunteer Beijing" mini program. According to the volunteer service hours recorded in the mini program, they will receive corresponding incentives and feedback.
According to statistics from the Beijing Municipal Urban Management Committee, the current duty rate of instructors and tour operators in front of trash bins in the city has increased from 20%-30% in early May to 56.2% in late July. According to Zhang Yan, deputy director of the Urban Management Committee, in order to continue to improve the quantity and quality of food waste separation, Beijing will pay close attention to the bucket link, and the community will implement bucket-watching actions, using civil air defense and technical defense, and both soft persuasion and rigid restraint on residents.
Wang Weiping, counselor of the Beijing Municipal Government and expert on trash countermeasures, agreed with this idea. "It is still in the early stage of waste sorting, mainly to guide residents to recognize and participate in sorting, and gradually develop habits. It is not easy to change living habits, and it will take at least two or three years." He suggested that the development of waste sorting must be carried out gradually, from simple to complex. We must not rush for quick success, and we must use punishment carefully.
In addition, the management department should appropriately assess the properties, instructors, and other intermediate links, as well as the assessment of residents. The assessment of communities with different conditions should be tailored to local conditions and not “one size fits all”.
Beijing is adopting various methods to reduce the difficulty of categorizing residents. For example, the "Guidelines for Classification of Household Garbage for Residents" are issued, suggesting that residents set up "two buckets and one bag" for garbage collection at home instead of 4 types of garbage bins. "Two barrels" refer to food waste bins and other garbage bins, and "one bag" refers to a bag for collecting recyclables. Due to the small amount of hazardous waste generated, it can be placed at designated locations in the community at any time after generation.
The Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Management has launched a WeChat mini program called "Garbage Classification Collection". Residents can enter text, take photos or voice queries to find out the types of garbage.
Many streets and communities use various “artifacts” of garbage classification to reduce the difficulty of putting them out. New World Homes recently introduced two kitchen waste "bag breakers". Residents can put the whole bag of food waste directly into the kitchen waste bin. The bag breaker in the bin will automatically break the bag and dump the kitchen waste. Transfer the plastic bags to other trash cans. Above multiple sets of trash bins, there is also a sling for residents to stretch the lid of the bin. The No. 1 courtyard of Xinfeng Street, Xicheng District, is equipped with a smart trash can that can open the lid by face recognition. In addition, the reward model of earning points for daily necessities through garbage sorting is being promoted in more and more neighborhoods.
"Grab from the doll"
More and more schools have incorporated garbage classification into quality education for young people.
In Dengshikou Elementary School in Dongcheng District, in addition to the four types of trash bins in public places, each class also sets up two separate trash bins to collect other garbage and recyclables. The trash bins that collect recyclables are also called "Green Bank".
According to Yuan Rishe, the instructor of the environmental protection club of the school, students will carry out the "Recycling Waste for Green" activity every month during the school period, selling the collected recyclable garbage and using the funds to plant trees in April each year. Greening. The school also unites with nearby parks and organizes students to adopt trees in the park.
"The knowledge education of garbage sorting is relatively easy, and more importantly, it is for students to develop good awareness and habits in practice." Yuan Rishe said that once school lunch, students ate dumplings, a classmate asked Zongzi leaves belong What garbage. She and her classmates searched through the Beijing garbage classification applet. The zongzi leaves that seemed to be kitchen waste turned out to belong to other garbage. They also searched for information and explored the reasons. Last summer, the students’ holiday homework also included practical content such as recording the amount of garbage generated at home in 21 days and the practice of turning waste into treasure. Through the "little hands" of the students, many parents have also been drawn into the garbage sorting team.
"Everyone generates garbage every day. This is a topic that everyone faces. Good garbage classification is also beneficial to the formation of personal hygiene habits and social responsibility. The development of such a habit also needs to start with a baby." Yuan Rishe said.
According to the "Beijing School Domestic Waste Classification Work Plan" issued by the Beijing Municipal Education Commission, by the end of this year, the popularization rate of domestic waste classification knowledge in Beijing schools will reach 100%. The Beijing Municipal Education Commission has also joined with the Municipal Urban Management Commission to record online courses on waste sorting for different levels of school, middle school, middle school, and kindergarten.
Many streets have also launched garbage sorting "little volunteers" activities to encourage children to practice garbage sorting. Chongwai Street plans to promote "little volunteers" throughout the streets. Li Tao, deputy director of the Street Grid Service Management Center, said that he hopes that a seed of garbage sorting will be planted in the children’s childhood, which will accumulate and take root over time. .
20 years of exploration
Behind the series of efforts is the 20-year history of domestic waste classification in Beijing.
In 1996, Dachengxiang Community in Xicheng District became the first community in Beijing to experiment with waste sorting. Cui Xiangwen, who has witnessed this history, is now 77 years old and still volunteers to serve as the garbage sorting instructor of the community. According to his memories, in December of that year, several retired teachers in the community wrote "A Letter to Residents" on the small blackboard at the door of the Family Committee, calling on residents to sort out the garbage. The community garbage sorting started, and it has not been interrupted for 24 years. .
Cui Xiangwen remembers that initially the community bought three large trash cans, affixed different signs, and put recyclable garbage, plastic foam and scrap metal. Beginning in 2003, the garbage classification in the courtyard was further standardized, and it was subdivided into three types: kitchen waste, recyclable garbage and other garbage. In recent years, in order to facilitate residents' disposal, the courtyard has also introduced intelligent sorting trash cans. Today, this small community with 403 residents is still a symbol in the historical process of Beijing’s waste sorting.
In 2000, the former Ministry of Construction determined that 8 cities including Beijing would pilot the promotion of the dichotomy of recyclable and non-recyclable garbage. If this is the official starting point, Beijing has been exploring waste sorting for 20 years.
In the same year, the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Bid Committee promised in its bid report to promote the classification of domestic waste in Beijing, and made it clear that by 2008, the coverage rate of the classified collection of urban domestic waste will reach 50%, and the utilization rate of waste resources will reach 30%. This has accelerated the process of garbage sorting in Beijing.
In August 2002, the then Beijing Municipal Management Committee announced that Beijing's domestic waste classification label was identified as six categories: recyclables, kitchen waste, paper, bottles and cans, batteries, and other garbage. However, the six classification method is more complicated than the later classification method, and there are many obstacles in the actual implementation process. Since then, Beijing's garbage classification method has undergone several adjustments. In 2010, the classification standard was changed to three categories: kitchen waste, recyclables and other garbage.
Wang Weiping believes that the basic principle of waste classification is that the end processing capacity determines the front-end classification method. “Only when various back-end processing facilities and industrial chains are formed and the conditions are more mature, the front-end classification can be guaranteed.”
From 2000 to 2010, Beijing accelerated the construction of terminal waste treatment facilities, and successively built waste treatment facilities such as Xiaowuji Transfer Station, Beishenshu Landfill, Nangong Compost Plant, and Gaoantun Waste Incineration Power Plant. On this basis, in November 2011, the Standing Committee of the Beijing Municipal People’s Congress passed the "Regulations on the Management of Domestic Waste in Beijing", further subdividing domestic waste into four categories: kitchen waste, kitchen waste, recyclables, and other waste. It was officially implemented in March of the following year. "Beijing People's Congress" published an article pointed out that at this point, the treatment of domestic waste in Beijing has initially entered the stage of resource and harmless treatment with sanitary landfill as the mainstay and incineration, composting and comprehensive treatment as supplementary.
In November last year, the Standing Committee of the Beijing Municipal People’s Congress passed a decision to amend the “Regulations on the Management of Domestic Waste in Beijing”, which put forward higher requirements on the classification of domestic waste, and adjusted the classification of domestic waste into kitchen waste, recyclables, hazardous waste, There are four other types of garbage, and for the first time, individual classification responsibilities and corresponding punishment measures have been clarified in legal form, which will be implemented on May 1 this year.
According to Liu Jianguo's analysis, compared with 20 years ago, Beijing's terminal waste treatment facilities are now more capable, and the classification system is relatively reasonable, which can basically meet the treatment needs and provide hardware guarantees for the promotion of waste classification. According to data from the Beijing Municipal Management Committee, there are currently 44 domestic waste treatment facilities in Beijing, including 11 incineration facilities and 23 biochemical facilities. The design capacity of household kitchen waste is 5750 tons per day, and the design capacity of catering units is 2,380 tons. /day.
At the same time, the government's management capabilities and concepts, the new generation of information technology, and the residents' environmental awareness have all been qualitatively improved compared to the past, providing unparalleled advantages for the implementation of waste classification.
"From the perspective of the conditions of all parties, now Beijing has truly entered the stage of waste reduction and recycling." Wang Weiping said.
Beijing News reporter Huang Zhecheng