Ma Douquan
Tang poetry, the highest peak in the history of Chinese poetry, has its center in the capital city of Chang'an, which is now Xi'an. Chang'an is the political and cultural center of the country. Poets from all over the country gather in Chang'an because of their positions and travels. In the Tang Dynasty, most poets were Shanyou (in the past referred to as Shanxi). The Qin and Jin Dynasties were adjacent to each other, and they travelled to the capital more easily, which made Chang'an the center of Tang poetry.
The gathering of poets in the Tang Dynasty was mostly in Qujiang. Qujiang, also known as Qujiang Pond, was a famous royal garden in the Tang Dynasty. The predecessor wrote for Du Fu's "Three Chapters of Qujiang". The predecessor said: "In Kaiyuan, excavation is a beautiful place, with Ziyun Tower and Furong Garden in the south and Apricot in the west. Garden and kindness. All people travel and appreciate, and they flourish in Zhonghe and Shangsi.” Emperor Li Tang often gave feasts here on Zhonghe (first day of February), Shangsi (March 3) or on the 9th to give feasts to officials, new scholars or poets. . Almost all courtiers and number one scholar in the Tang Dynasty could poem, so Qujiangchi was actually a place to entertain poets. Such banquets and elegant gatherings, even if the poet is drunk and rude and rude, the emperor will not blame it. So when it comes to Qujiang, people will think of Bai Juyi's poem, "Giant Huan is still drunk, how will it be. The Lord of Hanyuan is kind, and Qujiang has a lot of spring."
"Wang Heqing is turbulent, Qujiang's green screen is on the silver list" "I know that white hair is not a spring matter, and I am full of fetishism" is a poem of Du Fu. Du Fu has composed many Qujiang poems, among which the "Two Qujiang Poems" is the most famous and many people can recite. People often say that "life is rare in the past seventy years" is the second sentence. Even if he later lived in Shu due to the war and missed the capital, he still thought of Qujiang. The first sentence of the famous "Eight Songs of Qiu Xing" is "Qu Tang Xiakou Qujiangtou, thousands of miles of wind and smoke connect Suqiu".
The inscription of Du Fu's poem says that "kindness" means Ci'en Temple, so Yuan Zhen's poem has the sentence "walking along the river bank and staying at Ci'en Temple". The Ci'en Temple Pagoda (the Big Wild Goose Pagoda) in the temple was visited by many poets in the Tang Dynasty. Traveling in Xi'an, there is a route to find the traces of poets, known as the "Road of Tang Poetry".
Starting from Qujiang, the first stop should be Cui Hu's "City Nanzhuang" where "the human face does not know where to go, and the peach blossoms still smile in the spring breeze". Then there is Chanshui, one of the eight rivers. Pan Yue's "Guanzhong Ji": "Jing, Wei, Ba, Chan, Feng, Hao, Lian, and Chuan, the so-called Bachuan." Nowadays, many outsiders do not know Chanshui, but in Tang Dynasty. It is a very famous river, and it is as famous as Bashui, and it is also a farewell place for the people of Tang Dynasty, which made "Bachan" a synonym for Chang'an. Many poets in the Tang Dynasty entered the poetry through Chanshui. The most famous one should be Han Cong's "Farewell to the Spring Chanshui": "Green, dark and red are sparsely out of Fengcheng, and Muyun pavilion loves the past and the present. Pedestrians should not listen to the water in front of the palace. Just this sound."
After passing the water, I went to Bailuyuan. Bailuyuan is also called "Bailuyuan", in the east of the city, it is the loess plateau between Chanshui and Bashui, which is an older place name. Legend has it that when King Zhou Ping moved his capital to Luoyang, he was named after seeing a white deer cruising on the ground. The cause of Bailu lies above Bashui, also known as Bashang since ancient times. Li Shangyin's "And the first return to the east in Bashang, but sent the same year" is very good: "Baling willows are not free from hatred, and the long strips are not in vain." Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Wei, Wang Changling, etc. all have Bailu original poems.
Bashui is more famous than Chanshui and several other waters, or because of Baqiao. The name "Baqiao" began in the Spring and Autumn Period. The Baqiao that poets of the Tang Dynasty passed through was the bridge rebuilt during the reign of Emperor Kaihuang in the Sui Dynasty. Today's Baqiao is a modern concrete bridge. Baqiao is the only passage to Chang'an to go east. It is a famous farewell place in ancient times, so there are many farewell poems. Pei’s "Yangliuzhi" is the most popular: "High and dangerous buildings are low, and Baqiao climbs and folds frequently. But thinking is a ruthless tree, but I don’t understand and welcome people and only give them away." According to Cen Shen’s "Buy Jiu Ba Ting Farewell" sentence , In the Tang Dynasty, there was another Ba Ting at the head of the Baqiao Bridge. Cen Shen also had the sentence "Do not leave early on the first journey and stay at the head of Baqiao", which means don't get up too early, so that you can just stay at Baqiao. Lu You thinks it is "Zhi Gong".
After passing Bashui, it is Leyouyuan. Leyouyuan was also called Leyouyuan. The caption of Du Fu's "Leyou Garden Song": "Leyouyuan is located in the south of Wannian County, in the south of Wannian County, also known as Leyouyuan... (Tang) every first lunar month, March 3rd On September 9th, the scholars and women collected the collection. "Leyou originally belonged to the Leyou Garden of the Han Dynasty. It was even more popular in the Tang Dynasty. Many poets left here widely-recited poems. Li Shangyin's "Deng Le You "Yuan" is almost everyone knows: "I feel uncomfortable with the night, and drove to the ancient plains. The sunset is infinitely good, but it's almost dusk."
After Leyouyuan, to Shanglin Garden. Shanglin Garden is a famous royal garden in the Han Dynasty, also known as Han Garden and Shendu Garden. "Han Shu" contains: "The garden raises hundreds of beasts, the emperor shoots at the hunting garden in spring and autumn, and collects countless beasts. Among them, there are 70 places in the palace, which can accommodate thousands of riders." Su Wu was imprisoned by the Huns for 19 years, and the Huns lied to be dead. The envoy of the Han Dynasty pretended to entrust the Han emperor to shoot and hunt the book of the Su Wu system in the wild goose foot in Shanglin Garden, and then had to return it, and made the "Goose Foot Biography" a famous historical story and poetic allusion. Before the Tang Dynasty, there were many poets chanting, such as "Shanglin Fu" by Sima Xiangru, a poet of the Western Han Dynasty. Shanglin Garden provided an excellent "poetry" for future generations, and most poets in the Tang Dynasty visited Shanglin and had poems. Li Yifu's "Yong Wu": "The forest is like a tree, without borrowing a branch." Tang Taizong said after reading: "With a full tree, there is more than one branch." It is also a popular story and a common allusion.
Du Lingyuan was followed. Duling was originally named after the location of Duling by Emperor Liu Xun of the Han Dynasty, also known as Shaolingyuan. When it comes to Dulingyuan or Shaolingyuan, people think of the poet Du Fu. There is an ancient folk proverb in Chang'an that "Wei Du in the south of the city, go to Tian Chi Wu", which is a reputation for the status and power of the two big families of Wei and Du in the Han Dynasty. The Du family to which Du Fu belongs, has lived in Du Qu for the entire time, under Du Ling Yuan. Du Fu later lived in Du Qu for more than ten years, so he called himself "Du Ling Commoner" and "Shao Ling Ye Lao", the poem says: "Since I am not in this life, Du Fu is lucky to have mulberry fields, so he will move to Nanshan."
Of course, Wei Qu, which is very close to Du Qu, will arrive soon. Wei Zhuang, a famous poet at the end of the Tang Dynasty, was a person from Wei Qu. His "Wei Qu" poem says: "Early warblers are full of dazzling voices, and the commoner is a career. If people want a well-known surname, Wei Qu is the first one in the west." Quan Deyu "Reward Zhao Shangshu to see flowers in the south "First Return, See You" records the prosperous scene of Du Quwei Qu at that time: "Du Cheng Wei Qu is looking for the spring, everywhere is full of flowers and new. The sun goes back to the saddle and does not treat each other, and the Jun is a drunk countryman." Du Qu and Wei Qu. The Pingchuan area under Duling was originally the food town of Fankui, a hero of the Han Emperor Gaozu, hence the name Fanchuan. Now it is also a famous scenic spot. Fan Chuan is also the hometown of Du Mu, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and the collection of Du Mu's poems is named "Fan Chuan Ji". It couldn't be better to remember Du Fu, Du Mu, and Wei Zhuang in Fanchuan. Not to mention the many immortal poems of the Tang Dynasty that originated here. The names of these three poems give this place a special cultural meaning.
After that we rushed to ancient Xianyang. Xianyang is west of Chang'an, and many poets in the Southern and Northern Dynasties have "Journey to Xianyang to the West". Yin Keng's "Journey to Xianyang Poems to the West" has the sentence "Shanglin is full of spring and Xianyang knights". There were many poets in the Tang Dynasty who chanted Xianyang. Wang Wei’s "Xianyang Xing": "Xinfeng's fine wine fights for ten thousand, Xianyang rangers for many years. Meeting the spirit of the king is the edge of the horse and the tall buildings and weeping willows." Linghu Chu's "Youth Xing" sighed. "The arched back of the Xia Ming sword shines on the frost, and the autumn wind walks out of Xianyang. The emperor Hehuang land has not been collected, and I do not intend to look back at my hometown." Both poems are famous.
The old places of Han and Tang Dynasties, the Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Mausoleum of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and the Mausoleum of Wu Zetian, many poets in the past have chanted, and the three of them are all poets, and their tombs must also be visited. In addition to being the mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Maoling was also the place where Sima Xiangru was sick. Therefore, not only was there a lot of poets in the Tang Dynasty, but also many poets chanted many times. The Mausoleums of the four emperors including Maoling and Gaozu of the Han Dynasty are collectively called the "Five Mausoleums". Li Bai's "Du Ling Jueju": "Go up to the Du Ling in the south and look at the Five Tombs in the north." Wuling is also a place where officials and tycoons live in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, there are always "Wuling tyrants" and "Young Wulings" in Tang poetry. language. Du Fu's "Sorrowing King Sun": "Against King Sun Shen, don't let go, the five mausoleums are always good." It is a sigh of history, and it is also quite alert to future generations. We once stopped halfway and looked up at the Five Tombs, so naturally we have a lot of emotion and association.
Weiyang Palace, a famous palace in the Han dynasty written by many poets in the Tang Dynasty, was destroyed by the war in the late Tang Dynasty. It is the palace with the longest existence and the most used dynasties in Chinese history. Although it has been known that Weiyang Palace has long ceased to exist, it is still very impressive to face the empty field in front of him. Just wait and see, quiet and speechless, with regret in my heart, reciting Wang Changling's famous quatrains "Last night the wind opened the peaches in the well, the moon wheel in the front hall of Weiyang was high. The new favorite of Pingyang singing and dancing, and the spring cold outside the curtain gave brocade robe."
Farewell to the old site of Weiyang Palace and come to the old site of Afang Palace. A Fang Palace is due to Du Mu's famous "A Fang Palace Fu", especially the deep concluding remarks "Qin people have no time to mourn themselves, and later generations mourn; later generations mourn without learning it, and later generations will mourn again later generations." . The construction of Afang Palace is better than Weiyang Palace. Unfortunately, like Weiyang Palace, only the old site can be found. When I got in the car and left, I still wanted to take a look at the large cropland and the village not far away. The last one got in the car.
The "Road of Tang Poetry" that we walked is a place where some Tang poems in Xi'an and its surrounding areas are frequently found. If it weren't for the Tang Dynasty poets who left us such good poems, it would be just like many other places, just a history. Place name. As the saying goes: "Xiudao poets have different flavors, and there is no real interest in this." I believe that everyone who loves Tang poetry will have an unusually beautiful feeling on this road.