Drowning is one of the "biggest killers" that cause elementary and middle school students to die abnormally during the summer. It is imperative to curb the drowning of minors during the summer vacation

  Safety education is actually a kind of life education, and it should not stop on paper. Students must have practical experience, safety education will not be formal, and students can truly enhance self-protection awareness and ability

  The establishment of preventive child protection services requires the responsibility of the government and the cooperative efforts of the whole society. In social management, ensuring the safety of minors is the responsibility of the whole society

  Our reporter Zhao Li

  Newspaper intern Jia Jie

  On July 12th, in Tiexi Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, five children went swimming in the water, two people landed safely, and three drowned.

  Recently, many places in the country have entered the flood season, and drowning accidents have also entered a high incidence period. Many children have drowned.

  From July 6th to 13th, many child drowning incidents occurred in Dongguan, Guangdong, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Pingguo, Guangxi, and Puyang, Henan. On July 1, in Huizhou, Guangdong, three drowning accidents occurred within one day, causing five people to drown.

  Even more distressing is that on June 21, eight primary school students in Mixin Town, Tongnan District, Chongqing City fell into the water while playing and all drowned.

  Affected by the new coronary pneumonia epidemic, this summer's summer holiday came a little early. At present, the summer vacation time of primary and middle schools has been clarified in many places across the country. The earliest vacation has started on July 5 and the latest is no later than August 1. There are still many places that have not yet started school. While the holiday brings joy to the children, it also sounds an alarm for parents and the society: children spend more time alone during the summer, and safety issues become the biggest hidden danger.

  Drowning tragedies occur frequently

  Safety education needs to be implemented

  At about 15:30 on June 21, Mixin Town, Tongnan District, Chongqing City reported that someone found water in the water of the Fujiang River in Tongjia Village of the town, and the local government immediately organized a search and rescue operation.

  A preliminary investigation by the local government revealed that the missing persons were all students from the primary school in Mixin Township who lived nearby. They met on the weekends spontaneously and played at a wide beach on the Fujiang River in Tongjia Village. During this period, one student accidentally fell into the water and 7 students Go to the rescue, causing the rescued students to fall into the water.

  This drowning in Chongqing is not alone. Previously, according to incomplete statistics from the National Health and Health Commission and the Ministry of Public Security, 57,000 people died of drowning each year in my country, which is equivalent to more than 150 people drowning every day, including more than 20,000 minors who died due to drowning.

  The Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education pointed out in a "Letter to Parents of Elementary and Middle School Students across the Country" that drowning is one of the "biggest killers" that cause abnormal deaths of elementary and middle school students in summer. It is imperative to contain the drowning of minors during the summer vacation.

  The relevant report also analyzed that the drowning death accidents of primary and middle school students mostly occurred on weekends, holidays or after school; most occurred in rural areas; most occurred in wild waters such as unattended rivers, ponds, etc.; most occurred in students who accompanied themselves to play In the process, some of them drowned in swimming and swimming, and some caused drowning to save their companions. Most of them occurred in primary school students and junior high school students, and most of them were boys.

  According to analysis by professionals, the six subjective factors for minor drowning are: ignorance of danger, disregard of warnings, curiosity, fluke, fear, and lack of skills.

  A reporter from the Legal Daily found that although there were warning signs such as “deep water danger, no swimming” around the places where many drowning deaths occurred, many minors still ignored the warning signs and still went swimming, which led to The tragedy of drowning happened. Even if there was a drowning incident, the nearby villagers still ignored the tragedy and went swimming in the water as usual. As a result, drowning accidents occurred repeatedly.

  It is worth noting that the drowning incident in Chongqing on June 21 has a lot to analyze.

  For example, the incident occurred in Tongnan District. The China Education News reported last year that according to Liu Changrong, secretary of the Education and Work Committee of the Tongnan District Committee and director of the District Education Committee, a drowning incident involving a family of 7 occurred a few years ago. Seven children including their parents, siblings, and others drowned after washing their hands by the reservoir. Liu Changrong lamented: "This lesson for elementary and middle school students must be made up!"

  Li Meijin, a professor at Renmin University of China, said in an interview with the media that during the drowning incident in Chongqing on June 21, seven rescued children did not seek help from adults in the first place. Education is lacking. But now there are many left-behind children in rural areas, parents work outside, and the elderly can’t reach it. In fact, it is difficult to prevent from the family, so it is especially important to let safety education really enter the campus."

  According to media reports, the Tongnan District Education Commission formulated the "Three-Year Cultivation Action Plan for the Primary Survival of Primary and Secondary School Students in Tongnan District", which defines the annual summer vacation as the "Basic Survival Centralized Training Month" for primary and secondary school students to "swim, extinguish, defend, The five items of "first aid (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and housework" are the training focus. The pilot program will be launched in 2018 and fully rolled out in 2019 to comprehensively improve the basic survivability of primary and middle school students in the district.

  In response to the safety education issues that everyone is generally concerned about, the Tongnan District Education Commission also responded in an interview with the media. In principle, the local primary and secondary schools will have a safety education class every week. The basic survival cultivation action mainly cultivates five skills. First The item is swimming, and the other items are fire fighting, first aid, proper defense and labor.

  However, why under such comprehensive safety education, minor drowning incidents still occur frequently?

  Wang Dawei, a professor at the People’s Public Security University of China, once pointed out the current status quo: although many parents think that safety education is important, they actually think that the occurrence of danger is a "little probability event", so parents often compete for mathematics, English, poetry appreciation, etc. Lectures, rarely participate in public welfare lectures on safety education. In the field of child safety, Wang Dawei believes that the most important role is the parent.

  According to Xiong Bingqi, deputy dean of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, safety education is actually a kind of life education, and it should not stop on paper. Students must have practical experience so that safety education will not be formalized, and students' self-protection awareness and ability can be truly established. Specifically, schools should organize training courses for survival skills, for example, swimming is a compulsory course for students in some places. There are indeed many schools that may not have teaching conditions, but the experience and practice in safety education cannot be ignored. This practical education also includes strengthening the training of students' emergency response and rescue capabilities.

  "Safety education needs to be paid more attention, and schools can do more systematically in this regard." said Shang Xiaoyuan, director of the Family and Children Research Center at the School of Social Development and Public Policy of Beijing Normal University.

  Guardianship responsibilities to be refined

  Effectively avoid the problem of dereliction of duty

  Recently, a video posted by People's Daily on Weibo: "Don't let the tragedy reappear! The 6-year-old boy drowned and his father kneeled and screamed for help" quickly appeared on the hot search list.

  The incident occurred in Dongjiangsha Park, Huizhou, Guangdong. According to the police, someone saw a family of 3 swimming in the park waters. Father and 6-year-old son swim in the water, mother on the shore. Both the father and the son used a swimming ring, and the son also put on a safety rope, but after more than 30 meters of free shore reached Jiangzhong, the father separated the son and let the mother watch the child.

  It was during this process that the child paddled the river alone, pulled out of the swimming ring and safety rope, and sank. When the couple found out, the child had already sunk to a depth of 4 meters. Parents cried out in horror, and their son could not be exchanged.

  Such a tragic theater is an unbearable grief for any family. But the negligence of parents in such incidents is also worthy of attention.

  Some insiders told reporters from the Legal Daily that legal guardians of minors under the age of 18 are the first responsible subjects and they are responsible for the safety of minors.

  “Every year during the holidays, we often see reports of traffic accidents and drownings among minors, especially those in rural areas. The reason is that many students’ parents either go out to work or are busy with farm work, and do not deal with their children. Effective monitoring and care. At the same time, there is no community-based security protection measures in the countryside. The lack of monitoring power is easy to cause security problems." Xiong Bingqi said.

  "Unfortunately, my country's legal provisions on guardians performing legal guardianship duties are still not particularly clear, which also leads to certain difficulties in pursuing responsibility." Beijing lawyer Xu Ying said.

  "At present, the legal basis for guardianship duties of guardians in my country mainly relies on the general rules of civil law and the current law on the protection of minors," said Xi Peizhi, deputy secretary general of the Shanghai Youth Crime Prevention Research Association.

  In Xi Peizhi's view, the difficulty for minor guardians to perform relevant laws and regulations and to be held accountable mainly stems from the following three issues: First, the provisions on the responsibility of parental supervision are not sufficiently detailed, and the principled and general provisions are more More; second, the legal responsibility assumed by parents after violating relevant regulations is not clearly specified; third, the lack of relevant accountability agencies.

  "Legal Daily" reporters also received such feedback during their visits-many parents will feel that the responsibility of guardianship is so great that it is unbearable.

  According to Xi Peizhi, the German sociologist Ulrich Beck once put forward the "risk society theory", which refers to the development of the industrialization process and entering the post-industrial era, society has brought many uncontrollable risks to the family . This risk is difficult for ordinary families to avoid. Therefore, it is reasonable for parents to have this kind of thinking.

  Xi Peizhi introduced to the "Legal System Daily" reporter that from this theory, with the rapid development of our society and economy, the current minor protection law is difficult to regulate the current problems in some aspects. Some parents think that it is normal for the guardianship responsibility to be too great to be fulfilled.

  "Therefore, family education guidance and government protection special chapters have been added to the second review of the revised draft of the Minor Protection Law, which is also responding to such problems." Xi Peizhi said.

  "Legal Daily" reporter noted that the minor protection law revision involves "the minor’s parent or other guardian does not perform guardianship duties according to law, or violates the minor’s legal rights and interests, he may be ordered to pay a deposit and receive family education guidance ".

  "At present, it is urgent to revise the supervisory responsibilities of minor guardians through legal amendments. China’s previous general civil law and minor protection laws all stipulate the supervisory responsibilities of guardians of minors, but they are not detailed enough, so in this minor In the revision of the Law on the Protection of Persons, Chapter 2 "Family Protection" began with many detailed regulations." Xi Peizhi believes that as long as the response to the above-mentioned detailed refinement of regulatory responsibilities, clarification of legal responsibilities, and accountability agencies are in place Problems, you can avoid the problem of partial guardianship failure.

  Rely on the government to act

  Strive to create a safe environment

  On June 22, the Office of the Education Supervision Committee of the State Council issued the No. 3 warning in 2020, reminding all localities, relevant departments and schools to take the drowning of 8 primary schoolchildren in Tongnan District of Chongqing Municipality as a precaution and seriously implement the requirements for drowning prevention work. Make every effort to prevent such incidents.

  The early warning pointed out that it called on the whole society to pay close attention to actively participate in the summer swimming safety education and guidance and management of young children to form an atmosphere of public opinion for the whole society; strengthen the supervision and management of students’ off-campus swimming, and vigorously popularize swimming knowledge and rescue common sense, Improve the self-help awareness and self-prevention ability of adolescents and children; call on relevant departments to set up safety warning signs in waters with greater potential safety hazards, and coordinate with the departments to jointly manage and build a summer drowning protection net for adolescents and children, and try to curb the drowning of minors in summer The death happened.

  Regarding how to do a good job in summer safety work for students in the "post-epidemic era", especially the prevention of drowning for minors, especially for rural left-behind children and other key groups, the person in charge of the Shanxi Provincial Department of Education suggested that students should be strengthened And parents’ safety awareness, improving rescue skills and adding children’s activity venues, etc., emphasizing that schools and education administration departments are the main battlefields for safety education. It is necessary for all students to standardize and standardize safety education, and regularly organize tests, Appraisal, rather than being content with piecemeal, short-term project training and summer camps, should ensure that "safety" is truly implemented and ensure the safety of children.

  Some industry insiders pointed out that many parents have various reasons to take care of their children. At this time, if the relevant departments uphold the principle of "the best interests of children", they should develop social policies and services that support family parenting and take measures to help parents raise their children. . This kind of child protection service is complex and simple, and requires the cooperation of relevant departments and the whole society to be established.

  According to Xi Peizhi, China’s child welfare policy has turned a lot in recent years: Before that, China’s child welfare policy mainly followed the principle of bottom-up and trapping, focusing on the protection of orphans and disabled children. In recent years, China’s child welfare policy has With a moderate inclusive transformation, the government began to provide more diverse protection services. "At present, many risks cannot be borne by families alone, and the protection of minors requires the government to have more responsibility and actions. For example, Shenzhen is currently making efforts in this regard, proposing to build a "child-friendly city", which is in the municipal planning and The safety and convenience of children are emphasized in the construction. If the facilities are not up to the standard, they will not be accepted. Therefore, such preventive child protection services require the government's responsibility and the cooperative efforts of the whole society to be established."

  Shang Xiaoyuan also emphasized to the reporter of Legal Daily that the environment is a very important aspect. "If there is open water near schools or places where children often go, they should be fenced as much as possible to prevent children from accidentally falling. Create a safer environment for children."

  In order to protect children's safety, in recent years, many places have strengthened the prevention of drowning safety, such as setting up warning signs at hidden danger points such as rivers, lakes, fish ponds, and enhancing personnel inspections. Recently, a face recognition warning system has been activated in some places to prevent drowning. As long as students play by the water, the system will automatically alarm.

  "In social management, ensuring the safety of minors is the responsibility of the whole society." Li Meijin said.