Russian political leader and Communist thinker, founder of the Soviet state and the principal theoretician of the Bolshevik revolution in his country. He is considered one of the most important leaders of the world communist movement, and one of the most important makers of contemporary world history .
Born and brought up Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (known as Lenin) was born on April 22, 1870 in the town of Simbirsk, Russia. His father was a director of the township's school itself and his brother was a messy revolutionary.
Education and training
received his elementary education in a private school in 1879, and showed early tendencies towards the study of history, geography and later philosophy, and completed his studies with distinction.
He joined the Faculty of Law 1887 in the city of Kazan, the capital of Tatarstan, but was expelled from it for reasons related to his political activity. He returned to take his law exams at the University of St. Petersburg, where he moved to 1893.
Functions and responsibilities
He worked for a short period in the Tsarist judiciary system in Russia, and during 1917-1924 he became the first to assume the presidency of the People's Assembly in the Russian Federal Socialist Republic of Russia, and in 1923-1924 he assumed the presidency of the People's Parliament in the Soviet Union.
The revolutionary experience
believed in the mass action after he realized the failure of betting on individual practices influenced by the execution of his brother Alexander who tried to assassinate the Tsar in 1887. Then he famously said: "We will not go this way." That is why he was involved in founding the Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class in 1895.
He was arrested and exiled in 1897 to Siberia for three years, and in 1900 he decided to leave Russia for Munich, Germany, to escape the harassment of the Tsarist security services.
In 1903 he started publishing the "Sharara" newspaper, and headed the Bolsheviks party during the second conference of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party.
He spent in the Diaspora - especially Switzerland - several years before returning in 1917 to Saint Petersburg to lead the socialist revolution that overthrew the bourgeois regime and uprooted the effects of the Tsarist regime.
In the same year, he was elected by the second congress of the People's Assembly as its chairman, and in 1919 he became a member of the executive central committee of the ruling party.
Lenin played an important role in Brest's peace contract with Germany, which helped protect the initial gains of the socialist revolution, and pushed dangers for the young Soviet state.
On August 30, 1919, he was subjected to an assassination attempt by his opponents, seriously injuring him. Some references say that these wounds were the cause of his illness, which worsened in 1922 and led to his practical isolation from political life.
From the beginning of his formation as a Communist thinker and theorist, Lenin believed in Marxist theory, and contributed to its development until it later became known as "Marxism-Leninism".
He saw the socialist system and the elimination of private property as the most effective way to achieve social justice.
Intellectual works
Lenin wrote dozens of political, economic and intellectual works that included a tremendous revolutionary intellectual heritage that changed the course of history during the twentieth century.
His work included "What to do?" In 1901 he laid the intellectual, theoretical, and political foundations for building a new political party. His book “Materialism and Experimental Criticism” (1908) came to develop the philosophical foundations of Marxism.
In his book "Imperialism, the Highest Stage in the Development of Capitalism" (1916), he discussed the laws of capitalism development, the inevitability of revolutionary transformations, the possibility of a socialist system in one or several countries, and the refutation of the theories of some left-wing thinkers who have conceived of a global revolution throughout the world.
His work “The State and Revolution” (1917) was devoted to defending his concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the socialist state.
His books - which he developed at various stages of the development of socialist thought - were a source of inspiration for the millions of revolutionaries who had been involved in the struggle against imperialism and colonialism, especially the book "Friends of the People and how they fought against the Social-Democrats", and "About our revolution."
Death
Lenin died on January 21, 1924, and his body was mummified and placed in a mausoleum in the Red Square in central Moscow, as a shrine for his admirers.