Tang Dynasty Solitude
□ Lin DonglinIn our impression, the Tang Dynasty is the most prosperous and powerful dynasty in Chinese history. Not only is the rule of Zheng Guan pioneered by Tang Taizong Li Shimin, but also the prosperity of Kaiyuan created by Tang Xuanzong, its prosperity, its The levy and its wealth are almost unique in history. But few people know that under this rich and prosperous world, the Tang Dynasty people are no lack of their loneliness, this loneliness almost runs through this gorgeous 289-year dynasty.
Most of the people in the Book of Songs are traveling abroad. Whether it ’s walking in the spring or talking about love, there is a natural background as the background. The temperament of the Tang Dynasty was from the beginning of the Book of Songs. For example, the nobility traveled, as Li Bai said in the "Junior Trip": "Wuling is young in the golden city, and the silver saddle white horse spends the spring breeze. Where? Laugh into the Hu Ji restaurant. "After the spring breeze is proud of the horseshoe disease, stepping on the flowers and traveling the spring, Hu Ji Meijiu actually puts himself in a world. From here, you will find that Tang people have a kind of absence and exodus in the prosperity and bustle, and there is a kind of escape from social interpersonal relationships, which is to return to a state of dialogue with nature and the world. A confidant of a person is not necessarily a person, and the attribution of a person may not come from objects such as confidants, friends, lovers, or relationships such as rivers, lakes, morals, and princes, but may be heaven and earth and all things in nature, a pot of wine, a poem , A period of travel can become its own load.
The Tang Dynasty was connected with wine. In terms of space, China can be said to be the hometown of wine; in terms of time, Tang Dynasty can be said to be the hometown of wine. In the background of the Tang Dynasty, you will find that almost every river and every station exudes a smell of wine. The wine is the drummer who invigorated the fighting spirit before the dynasty, and the brewing of the poet's literary thought before the poem. Perhaps this is because the alcohol level at that time was not high. Most of them drank rice wine, wine, and sake that was only squeezed and not distilled after fermentation.The alcohol level was relatively low, similar to today's beer or rice wine, It is precisely because the degree is low and drink too much, that kind of courage can be transpired. Du Fu drank mostly bitter wine, while Li Bai's wine was more romantic and bold. "Tianzi can't call on the boat, claiming to be a prince in the wine", this kind of pride is a kind of pride for nature, a kind of consciousness that human beings are all things in nature, it is exactly the kind of thing he wants to find and reassure. Get close. So Li Bai drunkenly catches the moon, I do n’t find it ridiculous and absurd at all. If we are a nation that appreciates death, then Li Bai ’s death is actually out of sincerity. His death is similar to the Japanese ’s cesarean suicide. aesthetics.
In Li Bai's life, he had two long roaming careers. In fact, since he was 25 years old, his footprints have been spread over more than half of China, walking alone in the mountains and rivers, and in the historical fields and time and space. You can find that although the Tang Dynasty is noisy, people like Li Bai are also very lively, but their noisy and lively can not replace loneliness, after all, they have to run away, as we now say "lively is a person's loneliness, loneliness It's a lively one, "so they need to travel the world more often. For another example, in addition to Li Bai's wine, poems and wanderings, Huang Chao's confidant is chrysanthemum. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao, who led the peasant uprising and defeated and hated him, had a poem titled chrysanthemum: "Said the west wind in the garden, and the cold scented butterfly is hard to come. If I were the Qing Emperor in his year, the newspaper and the peach blossom opened "Huang Chao was the poem written on the verge of death. At that time, he was a chrysanthemum, and the chrysanthemum was him, just like Yuan Zhen said," It is not a preference for chrysanthemums in flowers, this flower is blooming and no flowers ", because no one can understand He, he had to pay his ambitions unpaid with chrysanthemums, in order to become a fairy in charge of spring after death, let the chrysanthemums and peach blossoms open to express his heart.
So you can see that the entire Tang Dynasty was lonely. This kind of loneliness is not a person's loneliness in the social crowd, but a person's loneliness between heaven and earth. From the loneliness of Wuling's young travel in the early Tang Dynasty to the end of the loneliness of Huang Chao's defeat in the Tang Dynasty, loneliness has always been the blood of this dynasty. Li Bai has a loneliness, Wang Wei also has a loneliness, Zhang Ruoxu has a loneliness. Li Bai's loneliness is a kind of loneliness in the world, a wandering, a journey, to be a fairy in wine, a god in an adult, a life state that escapes from the daily life of rice, oil and salt. Wang Wei ’s loneliness, with a religion and birth in it, is a retreat and a calm after the turmoil, a way out for the scholars and officials and eunuchs, a destination from the morning to the wild; and Zhang Ruoxu ’s loneliness , It is a kind of loneliness of the self in the universe, this is the most distant loneliness, "whoever sees the moon on the river bank and the person who shines on the moon at the beginning of the river", what I want to solve is where I come from, where I want to go go with.
Wu Zetian is also lonely. Her real name is Wu Meiniang. After assuming the throne, she coined the word "曌" and changed her name to Wu. It was taken to mean the sun and the moon. This is actually a kind of loneliness consciousness, a bit like Zhang Ruoxu's cosmic consciousness. World. Song Huizong is also lonely, and his signature is "A Man under the World", but this kind of loneliness is a kind of self-respect that I am above the world, and Wu Zetian's loneliness is the kind of loneliness in the world. The love of the Tang Dynasty was also lonely, Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan, so lively and lively opening, "Yunshuahua Yanjinbu shake, Furong tent warm spring festival", even the emperor must be obsessed with her obsession and never came early. However, in the end, it is necessary to end with Ma Weipo's life and death, and a woman's death as a pioneer of the dynasty's progress. This is also the beginning of loneliness after prosperity. Such prosperity and loneliness are Li Bai's, Zhang Ruoxu's, Li Longji's and Yang Yuhuan's. Good things are like this, they are uneasy, they complement each other, on the one hand they can be gorgeous to extravagance, and on the other hand they can be gorgeous to the end. When they are young, "fancy horses, Qianjin Qiu, Hu'er will change out for fine wine "In his later years, he spent his life in sorrow and sorrow. It could be the emperor and the concubine who were sleeping on the same bed, or they could be ordinary people and common women who met each other.
It is also one of the best cultural times in Chinese history. The Tang Dynasty was lonely, but the Song Dynasty was not. The loneliness of the Tang Dynasty is hidden in its flying, while the Song Dynasty is small and delicate. Its temperament is not lonely, but indulging. Because the Tang Dynasty is not the temperament of the agricultural society, but has the background of the Hu people and the Western Regions, reflecting the aesthetics of the canopy and the camel team, as Zong Baihua said: "In Han and Tang poetry, there is a tragic Hu Ji It means the ambition of going out of the army. "This kind of husheng and drumming out of the air are flying in this dynasty and in the hearts of every people. Even if the state of the mountains and rivers is exhausted and the regime changes, the fierce enthusiasm is constant and loneliness is constant. So even in the last year of the Tang Dynasty, people like Huang Chao will appear; even if they are exhausted, they are forced to withdraw from Changan, switch to Shandong, and defeat suicide in the Taihu Wolf Tiger Valley. The heroic spirit of "the city is full of golden armor", and my consciousness in the world of "relying on the railing to watch Luohui". It is because he is bold and big-headed, and he wants to be side by side with heaven and earth. This is the Tang Dynasty people, not the Song Dynasty people, who painted landscapes and paintings in the universe. Looking for beauty and sustenance in the dew of "Ye Shangchuyangyangsuyu", it is reduced. Fading. There is no loneliness in a small life. There used to be a famous rock band called Tang Dynasty. The lyrics are very well written, "Think back to that year, wild clouds and storms, blood washed thousands of miles of mountains and rivers", "Years are flourishing, swords are still bright, blood washed the sand field, and the mountains returned to their hometowns."
Regardless of the prosperity and loneliness of the Tang Dynasty, no matter how we yearn, in the end we can only look at each other.