China News Service Client Beijing, May 13 (Yuan Xiuyue) These two days, the term "Crown Surname Right" has once again entered the public eye. Papi Sauce was revealed in the latest video that her child followed the father's surname and was scolded by netizens.
Some netizens believe that Papi sauce does not pay attention to the "title of surname", and her independent female personality is fake.
Weibo screenshot
Last month, some female bloggers also said that they had chosen to divorce their husbands because they failed to fight for their children ’s “surname” rights, which led to large-scale discussions online.
Weibo screenshot
What is "Crown Surname Right"? Why can it lead to intense discussions again and again? Today we start with the history of surnames.
What does the surname stand for?
In fact, at the earliest time, "surname" and "surname" were two different things. The "surname" is a product of the maternal clan society. In order to stop incest and marital marriage, the clan implements an extra-ethnic marriage system, and the children live with their mothers. The surname is a symbol mark shared by descendants of the same female ancestor.
Because women were the first to be the first, several of the oldest surnames in China are accompanied by female characters. Such as: Ji, Jiang, Si, Yao, Ying, Ji, pregnancy, shame, Ji, aunt, etc.
The "surname" is a branch derived from the "surname". The earliest surname is the honor of a woman. A man has neither a surname nor a surname. Later, the man had a surname, but his surname was expensive and cheap.
By the time of the patriarchal clan, the status of the surname was reversed. The emperor has surnames but no surnames, princes and doctors have surnames, and civilians and slaves have only surnames, but no surnames. In the Zhou Dynasty, the surnames and surnames began to confuse. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, the surnames became one, and the civilians gradually had surnames.
Some scholars said that the surname was born in the late primitive society, and it was established in the slave society, but it really became a form of social idea in the feudal society.
Data map. Image source: Visual China.
The origin of the female surname
Surnames are distinguished from the time they were born. In feudal society, when the surnames were fixed as a system, they also formed a complete set of etiquette norms at the level of nobility, superiority and inferiority. For example, in the Western Han Dynasty, the gate system flourished, and the surname evolved into one of the tools for maintaining property and power.
In ancient times, the concept that men respect women and humble women also manifested in their surnames. After entering the patriarchal society, women gradually lost their surnames. Before marriage, a woman is the same as her father, and after marriage, she belongs to the husband's family. In public, most women do not use their first names. Especially after marriage, most outsiders use the husband ’s surname as “Xu Madam”, or their father ’s surname as “Xi ’s”, or the husband ’s surname as “Xu ’s”.
This surname system lasted for millennia and was not loosened until modern times. During the period of the Republic of China, the change of the surname of women after marriage in the "National Civil Law" had caused heated discussions in various circles.
Data map. The picture is not related to the Kingdom
Some people want to maintain the old custom system and believe that the true equality of men and women does not lie in the issue of surnames. It has been suggested that a married woman with her husband ’s surname, and a married man with her wife ’s surname, but they must use their own name when going abroad.
Some people also support women to maintain their surnames after marriage, or to treat them differently, such as independent women keeping their surnames. Others put forward radical opinions, arguing that there is no need for a surname, and that there is no dispute between men and women for the surname.
Based on the social and historical conditions at that time, the "Civil and National Law" still continued the custom, and its Article 1000 stipulates: "Wife is named by her husband's surname; husband is named by his wife's surname, but if the parties have other regulations, they are This limit. "That is to say, under the agreed circumstances, women do not have to surname husband.
Data Map: The first Quanzhou Surname Cultural Lantern Exhibition. Liao Jingshe
The Marriage Law provides that children can follow their mother ’s surname
As the idea of equality between men and women has penetrated into the hearts of people, the "Guanfu surname" has gradually disappeared in life. Article 11 of China ’s Marriage Law of 1950 stipulates, “Couples have the right to use their own names.”
As for the child ’s surname, the 1980 “Marriage Law” stipulates that “children can follow the father ’s surname or the mother ’s surname.” The current “Marriage Law” in China changes to “children can follow the father ’s surname and mother ’s surname.” The difference between the words reflects the equality of men and women and respect for women's social status.
According to a report previously released by the Ministry of Public Security, the number of people using both the father ’s and mother ’s surnames in their names has grown rapidly in the past 30 years. At the end of 1990, this figure was 118,000. By the end of 2018, this data had increased by 1.1 million.
However, in actual life, children still occupy the mainstream with their father's surname. In recent years, with the rise of women's consciousness, there has been more and more discussion about the "title of surnames" of children, and some have even died because of the "difference between first names". Since 2015, with the liberalization of the second-child policy, the number of second-child surnames has also increased significantly.
Data picture: The picture is not related to the photo taken by Wu Junjie
Is it necessary to fight for the "title of the surname"?
Today, "giving your surname in my name" no longer seems to be a romantic language, and the family heritage and blood lineage carried by the surname is no longer as heavy as it used to be. As some people have said, women's pursuit of "title of surname" seems to be a dispute between "two surnames", but in fact it is a dispute between "gender", which is the expression of women's protection of their rights and autonomy.
However, there does not seem to be an inevitable connection between fighting for the "title of the surname" and independent women. Not all women fighting for the "title of the surname" are independent women, or they are not independent women. Whether it is an independent woman depends on whether she has an independent personality, an independent economy, and a unique pursuit of life and contribution to society, not by words.
Those who are verbally abused by others because their parents choose different lifestyles, or their children follow their father's surname, are probably not pursuing "surname power" but "hegemony."
Moreover, unlike fighting for your own name rights, fighting for your child ’s “surname right” also involves the husband, and the child may have to express his opinion when he grows up. To be honest, this is an agreement within the family, what's the matter with the people around, right? (Finish)