It is not mandatory to remove the bag and break the bag, the other garbage has high "fault tolerance"
Beijing Garbage Sorting May 1st Implementation of "Flexible" Policy Progressively
"At this stage, we should coordinate the work of epidemic prevention and garbage classification. Without affecting the overall situation of the epidemic prevention, we should carry out the garbage classification in an orderly manner, and transform the elaborate community management formed by the epidemic prevention and the residents' awareness of rules and hygiene habits into Advance the advantages of garbage classification. "
Intern reporter Yu Ziyue
Following the mandatory classification of domestic waste in cities such as Shanghai, Beijing will also hit hard.
From May 1, the new version of "Beijing Municipal Waste Management Regulations" (hereinafter referred to as the new "Regulations") was officially implemented. In order to cooperate with the implementation of the "Regulations", Beijing has also issued the "Beijing Municipal Solid Waste Classification Action Plan" and four implementation measures.
What are the characteristics of the new regulations for the classification of domestic waste in Beijing? What are the highlights of the implementation rules announced by each jurisdiction? Under the current form of prevention and control of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic, how will the new regulations land smoothly? Reporter conducted an interview.
Clarify the main body of responsibility, the combination of rigidity and softness is the characteristic
In recent years, promoting the classification and management of domestic waste has become a social consensus. Last year, cities such as Shanghai and Wuxi tried water.
Compared with other cities, “Beijing places great emphasis on the leading role of government agencies, especially in source reduction, classified release and collection.” Liu Jianguo, a professor at the School of Environment at Tsinghua University, said in an interview with the Science and Technology Daily that Beijing, as a country ’s political, The cultural center is distributed with a large number of party and government agencies, enterprises and institutions, colleges and universities, the military, etc. The new regulations strongly encourage these agencies to play an exemplary leading role and bring a new trend of garbage classification in society.
In addition, "the new" Regulations "has strengthened the responsibility of garbage classification and discharge, clearly stipulating that units and individuals are responsible for the waste classification and discharge, and the city management law enforcement department can impose fines for non-registration of household waste." Chinese people Yang Hongshan, deputy dean of the University's School of Public Administration, said.
The new "Regulations" pointed out that if a fine ranging from 1000 to 100,000 yuan is imposed on a unit that has not been classified according to the regulations, which constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility will be investigated according to law; individuals who violate the rules and do not listen to the dissuasion will be given a written warning, and the violation will be imposed again. 200 yuan fine.
"The combination of rigidity and softness is an important feature of Beijing's new garbage classification regulations." Liu Jianguo said that from the punishment strength, it can be seen that Beijing's tough attitude and firm determination in implementing the new regulations are the "hard" side. However, punishment is only a means, not an end. Beijing's new regulations still have some room for classification standards and methods. They are not absolute, but a relatively humane "soft" policy to promote waste sorting.
“For example, Beijing ’s new regulations fully consider the matching of front-end delivery, transportation and back-end processing capabilities, and the classification method is also relatively pragmatic.” Liu Jianguo, for example, Beijing ’s quartile (hazardous waste, recyclables, kitchen waste, "Other garbage" gives full play to the "fault tolerance" of other garbage. That is to say, if the public cannot distinguish food waste and recyclables with special precision, they can put it in other waste. This approach is highly operable and can also alleviate the public's resistance to garbage classification.
Many people have noticed that the new "Regulations" do not adopt the provisions for mandatory removal of canisters and disposal of broken food waste bags. "This also reflects the overall tone of Beijing's equal emphasis on management and service." Liu Jianguo said that it is undeniable that bag breaking and bucket removal do have certain advantages, which can quickly increase the amount of garbage collection and sorting quality in a short period of time, which is convenient for management. However, Beijing has adopted a more flexible approach, using fixed and mobile coexistence and other flexible delivery models, and actively explored how to reduce the overall social cost of garbage classification.
In terms of classification standards, Beijing ’s quartile is also different from cities such as Shanghai (Shanghai quartile: recyclables, hazardous waste, wet waste, dry waste). Liu Jianguo explained that the logo, color and classification name of the garbage classification bins in Beijing are consistent with the national norms, and the color of the garbage truck corresponds to the category of the garbage bins, so as to facilitate social supervision and reduce the “divide first and then mix "The phenomenon.
It is worth emphasizing that Beijing also requires all departments at all levels to take this work as a "leadership" project, make good use of the joint meeting platform, set up special work classes, form a joint work force, and escort the implementation of new regulations for domestic waste classification.
All jurisdictions deploy ahead of schedule and formulate action plans according to local conditions
In order to better meet the "Five National One Test", Beijing has established jurisdictions for the classification of household waste in multiple jurisdictions, and strives to deploy ahead of schedule and advance steadily.
In Liu Jianguo's view, within the framework of the new "Regulations", all districts have formulated action plans according to local conditions such as population distribution and infrastructure. For example, Haidian District and Chaoyang District have a large area and a large population, and generate a large amount of domestic waste. At the present stage, the back-end processing facilities in the jurisdiction are relatively comprehensive and systematic. Therefore, the entire process of garbage classification will be considered when formulating an action plan. Supervision and management.
Chaoyang District requires district-level party and government organs, enterprises and institutions to take the lead in realizing the mandatory classification of domestic waste before April 15. In order to ensure the smooth connection of the classification, collection, transportation and treatment links, and realize the closed-loop management of the whole process of garbage classification, Chaoyang District is accelerating the construction of various environmental sanitation facilities, measurement and weighing transformation, and the establishment of a refined management system.
Haidian District has made full use of the advantages of educational resources and has made great efforts in cultivating citizens' awareness of garbage classification. A few days ago, waste classification online courses have been successively logged on to the resource platform of primary and middle schools in Haidian District. Primary and middle school students can learn waste classification courses at home.
"For another example, Dongcheng District and Xicheng District do not have end-of-life disposal facilities such as waste incineration plants and landfills in this area, so they will work harder at the front end such as source reduction, sorting, and further reduction in the collection and transportation process." Liu Jianguo Say.
The garbage classification in Dongcheng District adheres to the "separation of dry and wet" and pays attention to "resource recycling". It is recommended that people separate food waste from other types of waste when it is generated and drain the water before putting it in. Effectively improve the quality of kitchen waste separation, and achieve high-level classification of "three nos" without "glass ceramics, no metal debris, and no plastic rubber". For recyclables, you can make an appointment to collect them.
A related report pointed out that Xicheng District will establish an “unclassified, unacceptable” forced mechanism, that is, to establish a pilot in the process of creating a garbage classification demonstration area, and manage the communities that have not implemented garbage classification or the garbage classification does not meet the requirements. The department shall put forward rectification opinions, and those who refuse to rectify and refuse acceptance and transportation for many violations shall be handed over to the law enforcement department for punishment.
Daxing District and Yanqing District have also issued related work plans, each with bright colors. For example, it attaches importance to the treatment of raw garbage and implements the “5 + 1” model classification.
Focus on serving the overall situation of epidemic prevention, the implementation of new regulations has a long way to go
All jurisdictions in Beijing are actively "preparing for examinations", but at this stage is also an important period to fight against the new crown epidemic. How to solve the problem of virus protection?
"To implement the new regulations, there is still a lot of work to be done." Yang Hongshan admitted that in the special period of epidemic prevention, people's attention to waste classification is not as hot as when the new regulations were implemented in Shanghai last year. Therefore, relevant publicity should be strengthened to improve people's ability to sort waste To inspire enthusiasm for classification. It is also a very challenging question whether the infrastructure for delivery, transfer and processing is in place. In the process of garbage transportation and treatment, it should be disinfected and closed as soon as possible to avoid bacterial and viral infections.
"At this stage, we should coordinate the work of epidemic prevention and garbage classification. Without affecting the overall situation of the epidemic prevention, we should carry out the garbage classification in an orderly manner, and transform the elaborate community management formed by the epidemic prevention and the residents' awareness of rules and hygiene habits into Advance the advantages of garbage classification. "Liu Jianguo.
Yang Hongshan emphasized that the waste classification work is not a single operation, but involves multiple administrative departments such as the city appearance environment, development and reform, housing and urban and rural construction, ecological environment, urban management law enforcement, finance, etc. Generally speaking, it requires territories, departments, units and communities The Quartet worked together.
"The waste sorting work faces two challenges, one is the reuse of recyclables, and the other is the precise separation of kitchen waste." In Yang Hongshan's view, the former Beijing is relatively good overall, thanks to the large-scale waste picking group, including Scavengers, scrap purchases, operators, etc. As for the latter, food waste contains extremely high levels of moisture and organic matter, is perishable, easily breeds bacteria, and easily contaminates recyclables. Therefore, accurate classification of food waste is a challenge no matter in which city.
"In order to promote the classification of domestic waste, the municipal government needs to find the right hand to promote the implementation of territorial responsibilities in all districts and streets. The evaluation of domestic waste reduction is an important indicator. The premise of domestic waste reduction is to do a good job in classification management. Achieve the recycling and harmless utilization of recyclable garbage. "Yang Hongshan put forward," using the reduction of domestic garbage as an evaluation indicator is conducive to more accurately mobilizing the enthusiasm of various districts, prompting each block and community to promote governance innovation, and forming unique characteristics. Supervision and management model. "
"In the future, we can also draw on the policy of charging for domestic garbage collection in developed countries, and promote the operation of China's garbage classification enterprise to improve sustainability." Yang Hongshan said that a common practice is to investigate the management of garbage classification in foreign cities. The implementation of a charging policy to charge non-recyclable domestic waste according to capacity can be used as a reference for our country. In the future, it is necessary to introduce economic means for the collection of urban domestic waste.
(Reporter Li He also contributed to this article)