Du Fu's "Cold Wind and Sparse Plants, Rising Sun and Chicken and Dolphin" Poetic Lu Yanshao / Painted
Malaria is a common and ancient disease. Modern medical theory believes that malaria is a vector-borne infection caused by malaria parasites through mosquito bites or blood transfusions. In the ancient times when medical science was underdeveloped, the understanding of malaria inevitably disagrees with modern people. The "Book of Rites · Monthly Order" says that Meng Qiu "does summer, and there are more fires in the country; cold and hot, more malaria in the people". This sentence indicates that the time of malaria occurred mostly in early autumn; the cause of the disease was "cold and hot", that is, the weather was very hot when it was cold. When the King of the Eastern Han Dynasty examined the origin of ghosts in "On Heng", he pointed to one end and said, "The Zhuan Xu family has three sons and died as epidemic ghosts. One lives in the river, is a malaria ghost; one lives in the water, is a sprite. The corner storehouse of the one-person palace area is good at being amazing children. "In Wang Chong's discussion, malaria is formed after the death of a person, and malaria is caused by ghosts, so the treatment of malaria must be used to drive out malaria.
In the treatment of malaria, in addition to drugs and witches, the ancients believed that Du Fu's poems also had this effect.
Du Shi's treatment of malaria was first seen in "Shu Xuan Lu": "Du Zimei is proud of his poem, Zheng Qian's wife is sick with malaria, and the cloud is over, when he recites the poem, the malaria ghost avoids himself. Chu Yun's sun and moon are low in Qinshu, Qiankun around the Han Palace ' ; If you do n’t heal, you will recite “Zi Zhang ’s blood is blurred and Dr. Cui will be thrown in your hand”; and if you do n’t heal, you will recite “Qiu Xu is like Taizong, and Se Ying Sui Wai Chun”. If you do n’t heal, then Lu Bian has nothing to do. "This story is meant to show Du Fu's arrogance about his poetry's ability to treat malaria. He thinks that if his poetry is not cured, Bian Que is also unable to return to heaven.
The Northern Song Dynasty Wang Bao also recorded this story in "Tang Yulin", but it was a little different: "Du (fu) is good at Zheng Guangwen, try Zheng by" Hua Qing "and" Jiang Chu Gong's Painting Eagle Song ". Zheng said:" Under the poem It can cure illnesses. 'In other days, Zheng's wife is sick, and Du said:' Dan Danzi's blood is blurred, and Dr. Cui is thrown in his hand. If it is not ill, the cloud observer is surprised, and the artist is not unintentional. In the near future, there is also Taizong fist and Mao Hun, Guo family teacher and child flowers. If it is not ill, although He Bian can't do it. 'It is so self-satisfied. "Zheng Qian was a doctor of the Guangwen Museum during the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, known as Zheng Guangwen or Guang Mr. Wen. Du Fu recommended Zheng Qian ’s poems to cure malaria, and he concealed conceited words. This story has the same purpose as the record in Shu Xuan Lu.
The Northern Song Ji Gong "Tangshi Chronicle" also recorded this story, but it has changed: "The sick and malaria, Zi Mei said: 'My poem can be cured.' The sick said: 'Yun He?' Said: ' Ye Lan is more like a candle, relatively like a dream. 'He chants it, and malaria is still there. Du Yue said:' Chan chanting my poetry, Zhang Calvary's blood is vague, hand throwing it back to Dr. Cui. 'Reciting, the fruit is better. " Under the active writing, the main theme of the story quietly shifted to highlighting the effect of Du Fu's poems on malaria control.
Comparing these three records, it is found that in different versions Du Fu thinks that the poems that can cure malaria are different. However, all versions include the two sentences "Zi Zhang's blood is blurred and Dr. Cui is thrown by hand." Based on this, we can think that these two sentences are the core sentences of Du Shi's malaria treatment.
These two sentences are from Du Fu's poem "Hua Qing Ge" and reflect a real history. According to the "Old Tang Book · Suzong Benji", Tang Suzong's second year of the Yuan Dynasty (761 AD) was in May, "Jiannan Festival made Cui Guangyuan and Li Huan defeat Duan Zizhang in Mianzhou, and kill Zhang Zizhang In the process of encircling and suppressing Duan Zizhang, Xichuan Festival made Cui Guangyuanya attack Hua Mianzhou and kill Duan Zizhang. The so-called Hua Qing by Du Fu refers to Hua Jingding.
After all, treating malaria with poetry is peculiar, and there are those who do not believe. Cai Song of the Northern Song Dynasty was extremely contemptuous of Du Shi's records of malaria treatment in Shu Xuan Lu. He pointed out in the "Xi Qing Poetry Talks", "This is the theory of the late Tang Dynasty," "If this is the child's ear yesterday, there is no such reason." He also pointed out: "'Qiuxu is like Taizong' is the" Eight Sorrows Poetry "which is called Ruyang Wang Yinye. Although the death precedes the gods, and the" Eight Sorrows Poems "is written by Zheng Qiang at the same time, the gods are invisible. This poem is obvious. "Cai Wan believes that Zheng Qian passed away before Du Fu's" Eight Sorrow Poems "was created, and Zheng Qian could not hear this poem, so the idea of Du Fu's poems against malaria is purely false.
In fact, Du Fu has been suffering from malaria for a long time, and his condition is not optimistic. This is evident from his poetry. "The malaria meal is watery, and the old Shu capital is sore." "Xiazhong is sick and malaria passes through winter and spring." "After three years of malaria, one ghost will not die. The next day, the marrow is searched and the snow and frost are increased." Malaria can be tolerated by three autumns, and the battles of the cold and hot for a hundred days. His head and white eyes are sitting with calluses, and the flesh and skin are wrinkled like a line. "Since Du Fu's self-proclaimed poetry can treat malaria, why should he suffer from malaria? Therefore, Ge Cube in the Southern Song Dynasty said in "Yunqi Yangqiu": "Zimei is at this time, why not recite his poems and self-evil? It is the spirit that is not the spirit but the spirit." Zheng Banqiao in the Qing Dynasty in Yishan Jing The article "She Ji Bian Shou Min" also said: "Speaking Du Shi poems can also cure malaria. This statement is slim and I dare not believe it."
Despite many doubts, Du Fu's "fans" are convinced of Du Shi's treatment of malaria.
In the Song Dynasty, Hu Zi said in Volume 7 of "Touxi Yuying Conghua Collection", "Du Shi is able to eliminate malaria, which is not necessary. The cover of his words is elegant, and the reader reads it freely. The person Lu Yuanchang said in "The Preface to the Explanation of Du Poetry": "Yi Siqiu, Yu Yun is very malaria, and the guest said: 'The ancestral Du Shao Lingzi's bloody vague sentence of Zhang Calvary, recite it to stop malaria.' , And then Ji Ji collection, is Shao Ling's "playing flowers Qingge" in the sentence. Then dropped out of the medicine pestle, sing the whole set from scratch, no two volumes, forget about malaria, malaria actually stopped. The sentence in "Qing Ge" can stop malaria, but the heart is like Shaolin's poems, those who forget malaria, they can also control their own malaria. "Hu Zi and Lu Yuanchang's school interpreted Du Shi's principle of malaria control from the perspective of acceptance, because Du Fu's poetry The artistry is very high, reading like spring breeze, relaxed and happy, people unconsciously forget the disease, so psychologically feel Shen Pang disappeared. In particular, Lu Yuanchang also appeared in the role of a personal witness, proving that Du Fu ’s poems not only "Zizhang Calm Blood" can cure malaria, but other poems also have this effect.
The records of Du Shi's treatment of malaria in "Shu Xuan Lu" have far-reaching effects, and even become a literary motif. Most of the descendants have the ability to take births and change bones. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Chen Zuo's poem "Respecting the Charm of the Words Again" said: "The old grammar speaks to the gods, and the malaria ghost listens to it." Cheng Dengji, the Ming dynasty, also said in "Childhood and Qionglin": "Chen Lin's demeanor has become more and more popular Acupuncture and moxibustion; Zi Meiyin's poems to eliminate malaria, why do you need a golden remedy? "Du Fu demanded excellence in poetry:" For humanity's rare sentences, the language is not surprisingly endless. "After all the hard work, Du Fu's poetry has a With special strength and spirit, Chen Zuo and Cheng Dengji's school thought that once Du Shi recited, the malaria ghost was scared and frightened, and malaria was all right.
The Qing dynasty Liu Fengzhe pointed out in Du Gongbu's Poetry that Du Fu's "demons and sprites are ears, and the demon waist chaos leads to rejoice". The so-called "Yu Mal" language refers to two sentences: "Zi Zhang's blood is blurred, and Dr. Cui is thrown by hand." Yang Lun also said in "Du Shijing Annotation": "Zi Zhang second language, still awe-inspiring to read so far, the more malaria was at the time." Liu Fengzhen and Yang Lun's affirmation of Du Shi's treatment of malaria, and "Zi Zhang Yun" "Blood skull blood, hand throwing Dr. Cui" two images of horror, it is frightening to read. In the original thinking, "when the terrified people imagine something exaggeratedly out of thin air, they immediately believe it to be true", which means that malaria patients, in the fear of reading stimulation, imagine that their disease is ok, they really think it is good Too.
It should be added that Du Fu, as a giant of Tang Dynasty poetry, has many fans. In addition to curing malaria, his poetry has other functions in the eyes of the ancients. One is pain relief. Qingchengzi's "Zhiyi sequel" in the Qing Dynasty Volume IV Middle School said: "Baiyan Zhu Gong suffers from gas pain. Whenever the disease occurs, he takes Du Shi recitation a few times, and is used to taking it for granted. Taking medicine is not a magical effect." This medicine undoubtedly has a tendency to treat Du Shi's mythology. One is medical folly. Tang Fengzhi's "Miscellaneous Notes of Yun Xian", Volume 7, "Burning Du Fu's Poems, Drinking Ointment with Honey" records: "Zhang Ji takes Du Fu's poems, burning ashes, using ointment as a decoction, drinking frequently, saying: 'Ling Wu The liver and intestines have since changed. '"
"Everyone who comes into the world has dual citizenship, one belongs to the Kingdom of Health and the other belongs to the Kingdom of Disease. Although we are only happy to use the passport of the Kingdom of Health, sooner or later, at least for some time, Each of us is forced to recognize that we are also citizens of another kingdom. "Disease is the dark side of life. After being entered into another book of the disease kingdom, the pain is inevitable, and it is not a pleasure to receive literary treatment and help return to health. ?
(Author: Zhumei Lu, Department of Guizhou University of Finance and Professor)