A discussion of the idea of ​​the "Islamic state" .. Did Islam bring a specific model for the state?

We must start with the determination of the fact that Islam did not come with a specific conception of the concept of the state in its modern sense, as the state in its modern sense is a product of accumulation in human experience, and as a result of the development of political and constitutional thought and political philosophy, especially with the philosophers of lights and the emergence of the idea of ​​the social contract, and the state theory is still in continuous development.

Without a doubt, the idea of ​​modern renaissance benefited in many aspects from Islamic jurisprudence and philosophical heritage, including its affirmation of the values ​​of Shura and justice, and the promotion of virtue and forbidding what is wrong, and many of the intellectual, philosophical and political values ​​that crystallized among Greek philosophers but Thanks to the transfer of the Europeans to Muslim scholars and thinkers.

In my view, talking about the “Islamic state” in its exemplary sense - in which reference is made to the model of the adult caliphs and adopted by some contemporary Islamic movements - is exaggerated, given that the ruling of the caliphs is an ethical case rather than a political model in the constitutional sense, and in the logic of defining thought The political concept of the state.

It can be said that Ibn Khaldun was the other when he spoke - in the "introduction" - about the concept of the state did not reach a crystallization of the definition of it in the modern sense, because in his speech on the state he was talking about the transfer of power and its transfer from "nervous to other nervousness" from the Almighty saying ( And those days we deliberate among people), (Al-Imran / verse 140); linking its rise with two elements: religious foresight, and the presence of immunity or nervousness that guarantees the rise to power and circulation over it, after another nervous decline due to the luxury factor.

It can only be denounced that the Muslim jurists did not formulate a specific model for the "Islamic state", and is it a central or federal state? Monarchy or Republic? Is it parliamentary or presidential? Emirate or succession? Rather, they went only to ask compelling doctrinal questions looking for doctrinal exits for existing political situations, such as permitting the overpowering Emirate of the ruling ruler, the permissibility of leading the preferred with the presence of virtuous, and jurisprudence about the mandate of the covenant, and whether the pledge of allegiance is comprehensive, or can we be satisfied with "the people of solution and contract" .

And here we prove what Dr. Ahmed Al-Risouni said in his creative article on the hadith of the caliphate and the concept of the caliphate, where he said: “The caliphate’s talk has been overly exaggerated, to the point that some Islamic movements consider establishing the caliphate as a watershed between the existence of the nation and its non-existence, and Islam and its non-existence, as well as The word "caliph" was sanctified.

The hadith (The prophecy will be among you what God wills it to be, then God will raise it if he wants to raise it, then a caliphate will follow the path of the prophecy and it will be what God wills it to be, then God will raise it if he wants to raise it, then you will be a regular king, so what God wills To be, then he raises it if God wills to raise it, then it will be a compulsory property, so it will be what God willed to be, then God will raise it if he wants to raise it, then a caliphate will follow the method of prophecy), according to what the Sheikh said Modernized Shoaib Al-Arnaout.

This hadith even if it is correct, as it gives a description, not an assignment, and it is merely informing about things that will happen, and a warning about the coup against the compulsory king, and there is no assignment. "

Al-Risuni continued, saying: “Muslims can call their ruler a caliph, a prince, or an authority, as there is no disagreement or narrowing of words, for the essence of the caliphate is the ruling on the truth, according to the Almighty’s saying (O David, I have made you a successor in the land with a certain soul The path of God) ((Surat al-Sa / verse: 26). Therefore, everyone who judges right and right is a successor regardless of the name.

He adds, explaining that "seeking to restore certain words and forms of government is just a waste of time. We are commanded to strive to bring Muslims closer, and to eliminate differences and divisions between them, and every step in this regard is on the path of prophethood."