It was a cold season when the ancient Yuyang was met. The faint low clouds cast a layer of white veil on the ancient city of Yuyang, and the weather-beaten building showed a quiet dark red.
Yuyang, located in the hinterland of Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, and Chengde, is now the Jizhou District of Tianjin. Its history can be traced back to the endless country that was established in the Spring and Autumn Period. It was renamed Yuyang in the Sui Dynasty and later named Ji County. In 2007, Jixian was rated as the "Millennium Ancient County" by China by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names.
The first meeting of Jiu Ji
In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Yuyang was called Jizhou, which is one of the sixteen states of Yanyun, and has important strategic significance.
The ancients took the mountains and the south as the sun, and the mountains and the south as the yin. According to legend, there is a mountain in the northwest of Jixian County, which is called Yushan. Because the county is in the south, it is called "Yuyang". The Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi wrote, "Yu Yangxun agitates, and stuns the costumes of the feathers." Today, as a tourist attraction, tourists may pay little attention; as a research object, the deep historical and cultural accumulation of the ancient city of Yuyang is loved by ancient architecture lovers.
Drum Tower, Temple of Literature, Dule Temple, Jizhou White Pagoda, etc. are all signs of the ancient city of Yuyang. Among them, Dule Temple and Jizhou White Pagoda are the most attractive. On the plaque of the Guanyin Pavilion in Dule Temple, the small drop of "Taibai" cast a mysterious veil on the building. The world guesses that "Taibai" refers to the Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai. If the plaque of the "Guanyin Pavilion" is titled by Li Bai, the history of the Guanyin Pavilion at Dule Temple can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. At present, the existing wooden structures in the Tang, Five, and Liao dynasties in China are single digits. It is no wonder that Liang Sicheng called Jixian Dule Temple as "the inheritance of the Tang Dynasty heritage and the construction of the Song Dynasty. It is important to study the importance of the transformation of Chinese architecture." Information, rare treasures. "
Once thriving
Approaching the inside of the Temple of Dule Temple, the ancient atmosphere rushed towards the face. In "The Examination of the Gate of the Guanyin Pavilion of the Dule Temple in Ji County", Liang Sicheng introduced the investigation of the gate of the Temple of Dule and the Guanyin Pavilion in detail. In the general part, Liang Sicheng interpreted the origin of the temple name: "Jiren also said: 'Dule Temple is the place where the teachers of Anlu Mountain are sworn. Instead of having fun with the people, it is named Yun. To the northwest of Jicheng, there is Duole Water, which is one of the famous rivers in the country. I do n’t know the temple is named after the water, Yishui is named after the temple, or both are named for Lushan. '"
When was the Dule Temple built by anyone? According to the "Xiaxia Old News" records, the original date of the establishment of Dule Temple is no longer available, and the earliest records currently available can be traced back to the Liao Shengzong ancestry and two years of restoration records. Based on this, Liang Sicheng speculated that: due to the prosperity of Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty and the protection of Buddhism, after the turmoil of the Five Dynasties, it was time to rebuild. Therefore, before this rebuilding in Tonghe period (that is, the first year of Song Taizong Yongxi), the temple probably had a history of more than 300 years. "The establishment of the temple was at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty."
The reconstruction of Dule Temple in 984 is closely related to the cultural background of Liao Dynasty worshipping Buddhism. In 936, Hou Jin ceded the 16 states of Yanyun to the Khitan regime. After the Khitan led the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun, a large number of Khitans poured in and lived here with the Han people, and social customs and religious culture were greatly integrated. During the Liao Taizong period, Buddhism entered the Khitan society, and Liao Shengzong began to strongly promote Buddhism. This place gradually developed into the center of Buddhist culture, and reached the "north of monks and Buddhist temples" in the late Liao Dynasty. The Dule Temple in the ancient city of Yuyang was rebuilt during the Liao Shengzong period. Geographically, Dule Temple, located in the ancient city of Yuyang, is located in Liao Dynasty, and is relatively isolated from the Song Dynasty in the south. From the time coordinate, the construction of Dule Temple was only 77 years before the demise of the Tang Dynasty, and it was not far from the creation of Li Jia of the Song Dynasty. 119 years have passed since the publication of the architectural work "Creating French Style". Therefore, its architectural form, adhering to the legacy of the Tang Dynasty and the practice of big wood, has important historical value.
It is rumored that the ancients came to Dule Temple and bowed down at the gate of the mountain. When they looked up, they could see the low look of Guanyin in the Pavilion through the windows opened on the third floor of Guanyin Pavilion, giving people a clever sense. At the gate of the mountain, the two generals standing tall and humming, their appearance is tall, and the surface coating has been weathered, showing a fragmented shape. When you walk to the Guanyin Pavilion, you can see that the tall building stands tall. The upper end of the wooden columns is slightly inwardly absorbed, full and soft, which is called "rolling". The outer columns are tilted inward for stability, and are called "side legs." The beauty of the overall strength of the wooden structure and the meticulous local processing make people seem to travel through the millennium. At that time, the place met with unknown craftsmen.
Ancient city needs protection
Walking in the Dule Temple in Ji County, Mr. Ma Meng from Beijing Jiaotong University is leading students to investigate. "The Dule Temple in Jixian County and the East Hall of Foguang Temple in Wutai County are representative of Tang and Song style architecture, while the Imperial Palace and Summer Palace in Beijing are examples of Ming and Qing architecture. How can we quickly distinguish between Tang and Song architecture and Ming and Qing architecture? First, look at On the exterior, the slopes of Tang and Song buildings have a gentle slope and deep eaves, and side footing, rising, and rolling are commonly used to soften the curves that form the building's façade and create beautiful arcs of details. Second, look at the structure. The bucket arch is huge and highly mechanically beautiful, and its height can reach 1/3 to 1/2 of the column height. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the more direct and firm combination of the beam and the column, the force acting on the bucket arch as a transition layer was attenuated, resulting in The volume of the bucket arch in the Ming and Qing architecture has been greatly reduced and reduced to decoration. "
Dole Temple is located dozens of meters away from the south and is home to Jizhou Baita. During the restoration after the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, the restoration staff discovered that the white pagoda is a pagoda wrapped in the Liao pagoda, thus uncovering another layer of mystery in the history of the ancient city of Yuyang. The tall white pagoda is very conspicuous in the ancient city. Inside the tower, there are three hollow rooms that are not connected to each other, and the tower is engraved with Buddha statues on all sides.
Exploring the many stories of ancient buildings, we also hope that this history can be passed on and continued. In the streets and streets of the ancient city of Yuyang, few people are crowded, and few are asking for prices. Some are just a bowl of hot noodles on the residents' table, or a plate of home-cooked dishes cooked by ordinary people. This is Yuyang, a thousand-year-old ancient county in China.
Shan Yingxiang, the dean of the Palace Museum, once said: "In the past, our cultural relics were often protected statically, such as ancient sites, but today's cultural heritage protection must also protect the places where people live and where they are produced, such as traditional villages and historical districts. This makes almost every one of these protected projects relevant to us today. "Yuyang was chosen by history, and it remains, and we look forward to a better Yuyang.
Li Yuan Xia