Young man, how close are you to cerebrovascular disease

  Who says young people will not get cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases?

  Wang Fang, deputy director of the Department of Cardiology of Beijing Hospital, deputy director of the clinical drug trial center, and director of the echocardiography room, reminds everyone that more and more young people die suddenly because of blood vessel problems.

The life span of blood vessels is as long as human life span.

"Vessels, as one of the main organs for transporting substances, are inseparable from the maintenance of human life, like the heart. Blood mainly circulates in the blood vessels and the heart. Any problem with any section of the blood vessel will cause harm to the human body. Many vascular diseases Change is the main cause of disability and fatality."

  "China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 2019" pointed out that the death rate of cardiovascular diseases among urban and rural residents in my country is still the first, and 2 out of every 5 deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases.

Wang Fang said that many people died of ignorance instead of disease.

Only by understanding some common sense can we be targeted in treatment and prevention.

 Atherosclerosis: the bane hidden in the blood vessels

  Atherosclerosis is the formation of plaque on the arterial wall. The center of the plaque is similar to "atherosclerotic" material. The raised plaque causes narrowing of the arteries, poor blood flow, and the reason why the water pipes at home are blocked by long-term deposits of scale. same.

Once the plaque ruptures in the inner membrane and forms a thrombus to block the blood vessels, acute myocardial infarction and sudden death may occur.

Wang Fang introduced that this is a particularly common cause of sudden death in young people. Stroke, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, etc. are inseparable from atherosclerosis.

  Atherosclerotic plaque can cause different diseases in different parts. It is like a time bomb. It is not known when it will be detonated. So how to prevent and slow down its occurrence and development?

  Wang Fang suggested that people with coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and other diseases should take medicine for a long time; if you are not sick or the condition is not serious, you should not be overly emotional when encountering urgent matters; if you have any discomfort in particularly tired work, it is best Put down your work and go to the hospital for examination; scientifically exercise, live a regular life, quit smoking, and control blood lipids, blood pressure, blood sugar, etc.; the elderly and those with family history should pay attention to go to the hospital for examination.

Wang Fang especially emphasized that the study found that smoking is the most important risk factor for myocardial infarction among young and middle-aged people, followed by obesity.

  "Prevention early is extremely important." Wang Fang will be more vigilant when he encounters young patients in the clinic, but unfortunately, the chance of young people coming to the hospital is particularly low. Some unfortunately left and missed the treatment. opportunity.

"We must have common sense and a good lifestyle, and we must also have regular inspections to detect the'flame' early and put it out as soon as possible."

  Wang Fang shared a few "escape secrets" about myocardial infarction.

She said that for patients with myocardial infarction, every minute of delay means more cardiomyocyte necrosis, and rapid treatment is the key.

"The 120 ambulance has professional first aid equipment and experienced first aid personnel, which is the life guarantee on the way to the hospital; myocardial infarction can't wait, you must go through the emergency green channel when you see a doctor; after you arrive at the hospital, don't be busy looking for acquaintances Seeing a doctor has delayed precious treatment time; once a loved one is diagnosed with'acute myocardial infarction', you must agree to the doctor's advice without hesitation. Please trust the doctor and sign the operation decisively."

Blood lipids are also divided into "good" and "bad"

  Dyslipidemia is an important cause of atherosclerosis.

Eating too much fatty diet, obesity, genetics, and secondary to certain diseases are all causes of dyslipidemia.

However, elevated blood lipids alone will not cause discomfort and are difficult to detect. Blood lipid examination can detect abnormalities as soon as possible, thereby preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as early as possible.

  Wang Fang introduced that the blood lipid test sheet generally includes four indicators: total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Among them, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol transports lipids to blood vessels and accumulates on the blood vessel walls, leading to atherosclerosis. It is "bad cholesterol", the lower the better; the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol acts as a "vascular scavenger", Quality transport is "good cholesterol", the higher the better.

  However, a normal laboratory test is not the same as health.

Wang Fang pointed out that some patients have a high probability of developing cardiovascular disease, and blood lipids within the normal range also require lipid-lowering treatment.

For example, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, or transient ischemic attack, etc. These high-risk diseases have stricter requirements for blood lipids and should be judged by doctors based on specific conditions.

  For friends who need to lower lipids, Wang Fang said that simple diet and exercise can reduce blood cholesterol by 7%-15%, and the extent of the decrease is related to the original lifestyle.

Wang Fang proposed the "357 Principles" of diet and exercise-high fiber, high freshness, high plant protein, low fat, low cholesterol, low salt, low sugar and alcohol in diet, 7 points full for each meal; exercise for one day Walk 3 kilometers (or 5000 steps), at least 5 times a week, exercise heart rate less than (170-age) beats/minute.

  Wang Fang introduced that foods rich in saturated fatty acids such as meat, fat, organ meats, egg yolks, fried foods, etc., foods rich in trans fatty acids such as vegetable cream, re-used vegetable oil, bread, cakes, French fries, etc. Can increase blood lipids.

Foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as marine fish, yogurt, soy products, vegetable oils, nuts, vegetables, etc., foods rich in dietary fiber such as whole grain foods, beans, fruits, vegetables, etc. are beneficial to lower blood lipids.

  Therefore, Wang Fang recommends that people with abnormal blood lipids consume 3-6 taels of cereals, bread, rice, noodles a day, 2-3 fruits a day, vegetables at least 6-8 taels a day, lean meat, poultry, fish, and beans And eggs are 3-7 taels a day, yogurt and cheese-based dairy products are 1-2 cups a day, and fat, oil and sugar should be less consumed.

Hypertension: the silent killer of health

  As a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension is also attacking young people.

Overweight/obesity, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, family history of hypertension, birth weight less than 2.6 kg, and lack of sleep are risk factors for hypertension in children.

  Wang Fang introduced that the common symptoms of hypertension include headache/dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, heart palpitations, etc. However, the onset of hypertension is slow and there are basically no symptoms in the early stage. Most people only find out during physical examination.

Moreover, the severity of hypertension symptoms is not consistent with the level of blood pressure.

  Faced with this silent health killer, Wang Fang said that unhealthy lifestyle and unreasonable diet are the main factors that cause high blood pressure.

She reminded everyone to limit the intake of sodium. It is advisable for hypertensive patients to consume 2-5 grams of salt a day; to supplement potassium and calcium, foods with high potassium content include asparagus, pea sprouts, lettuce, celery, and loofah , Eggplant, etc., calcium-rich foods include soybeans and their products, walnuts, milk, peanuts, fish and shrimps, red dates, leeks, persimmons, celery, garlic sprouts, etc.; vitamin C and protein should be supplemented, beef, lean pork, milk, soybeans It is a food rich in high-quality protein. Patients with hypertension eat fish protein 2-3 times a week, which can improve the elasticity and permeability of blood vessels and lower blood pressure.

Such as hypertension and renal insufficiency, protein intake should be restricted.

In addition, Wang Fang said that patients with high blood pressure should strictly quit smoking and it is best not to drink alcohol.

  “A healthy diet is very important. Young people eat too much fast food now, so the incidence of hypertension is getting higher and higher, and hypertension patients are getting younger and younger. When we meet young patients, we always think it is secondary Hypertension, after the examination, it was found that the patient was primary hypertension, which was probably caused by diet.” Wang Fang concluded that after seeing the disease for 34 years, he increasingly discovered the importance of prevention. “Some diseases have evolved over time. It has a cumulative effect over time. Only by starting prevention at the early or non-occurring stage of the disease can it be healthier.

  China Youth Daily·China Youth Daily reporter Zhang Manyu Source: China Youth Daily

  Version 03 on November 03, 2020