The entrance is "applauded", the exit is "applauded", and the vocational undergraduate education pilot "blooms and bears fruit"——
The "Great Expectations" of the First Vocational Undergraduates
Recently, fresh graduate Guo Yuhao will join a listed company in the electrical industry and become an embedded software development engineer.
What attracts him, in addition to the annual salary of 110,000 yuan, is the company's comprehensive strength and development prospects.
He attributes the job opportunity to his studies during the vocational undergraduate course. "The school gave me wings in terms of theory and skills."
Since 2019, the Ministry of Education has approved 32 schools to carry out pilot programs for undergraduate-level vocational education, and Nanjing University of Technology, where Guo Yuhao is studying, is one of them.
In June of this year, 903 graduates from the school received their bachelor's degree certificates and became the first undergraduate graduates of vocational education in my country.
It is understood that pilot schools such as Xi'an Automobile Vocational University and Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University have recently welcomed their first undergraduate graduates.
As the first batch of "crab eaters", graduates gain not only a diploma, but also multiple choices leading to the future.
The reporter of "Worker's Daily" found that some of them entered leading enterprises in the industry, and some chose to continue their studies... From breaking the "ceiling" of academic qualifications to building a "overpass" for talents, with the "blooming and fruiting" of undergraduate vocational education pilot projects, professional Education is ushering in new opportunities for development.
Counterpart companies have thrown "olive branches" one after another
"I have received employment notices from 5 large companies." Guo Yuhao couldn't hide his joy when talking about the harvest of this graduation season.
In the last semester of college, he briefly joined the job-seeking army, but after entering the factory for an internship, he felt "a very low sense of job achievement".
When he was at a loss, it coincided with the start of enrollment for vocational undergraduates. Guo Yuhao immediately devoted himself to reviewing, and finally successfully enrolled in Nanjing University of Technology, majoring in electronic information engineering.
In June 2014, the State Council issued the "Decision on Accelerating the Development of Modern Vocational Education", which first mentioned "exploring and developing undergraduate-level vocational education"; in January 2019, the "National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan" proposed to carry out undergraduate-level vocational education pilot projects.
This year's first undergraduate graduation is the "blooming fruit" of the pilot program.
After two years of study and several professional trainings, Guo Yuhao found that everything was very different, "The number of interview invitations has increased, and the value of the position has increased significantly. When I crossed the threshold of academic qualifications, I have the blessing of technical ability, and the options are suddenly widened. stand up."
Fan Xinxin, also a fresh graduate of Nanjing Industrial Vocational and Technical University, is now an engineer at China Nuclear Industry Fifth Construction Co., Ltd.
Thanks to the systematic study at the undergraduate level, he quickly adapted to the rhythm of the company.
Wu Xuemin, secretary of the party committee of the school, introduced that the employment rate is relatively ideal. Many students have entered the project research and development teams of Fortune 500 or industry-leading companies, and some students have received several employment notices.
Taking Fan Xinxin's major in mechatronics engineering technology as an example, most of them went to their favorite companies to work as mechanical engineers or quality control engineers, and 5 students were admitted to graduate school.
Wu Tao is one of the 5 people who chose to continue their studies.
His encounter with vocational undergraduates was full of twists and turns. "At first, I was puzzled by the nature of running a school, and I was not sure about the social recognition. Later, there were rumors that I didn't have a degree certificate, so I almost gave up the application." After enrollment, faced with abundant teaching resources , Wu Tao's doubts were dispelled.
At the graduation ceremony of Nanjing Polytechnic University, Chen Ziji, director of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education, spoke highly of the employment quality of undergraduates: "This fully shows that vocational undergraduate graduates can be recognized by the society and welcomed by industry enterprises. It also fully demonstrates the good development prospects and vigorous vitality of vocational undergraduate education in my country."
From knowing the "how" to exploring the "why"
In December last year, Wang Zhicheng, a freshman from Xi'an Automobile Vocational University, stood out in the competition with many ordinary undergraduate graduates and was recruited by Great Wall Motor Company.
Out of his love for automobiles, he chose the major of automobile inspection and maintenance when he was in college, and was admitted to the vehicle engineering technology major of the same school as an undergraduate.
"Teaching in junior colleges emphasizes practice, while undergraduates emphasize both theory and practice." For Wang Zhicheng, undergraduate study is a journey of "deciphering", "For example, when installing an engine, I used to follow the technical manual, but I didn't understand why. In this way, in the course of 'Engine Principles' offered in the first year of undergraduate course, all confusions were easily resolved."
After appreciating the charm of theory, Wu Tao wants to go further on this road.
As a graduate of "Promoting Higher Education", the two-year course left him unfinished, so he applied for the major of civil engineering and water conservancy at Nanjing University of Technology and continued to study for a master's degree.
For the school, cultivating undergraduate talents is a new exploration.
Wang Zhicheng remembers that during the internship before graduation, the students came into contact with the new equipment of a car company and felt that "knowledge is not enough".
After the school learned about it, after thorough research, two courses related to automobile assembly process production management and automobile manufacturing process were added for the next undergraduates.
This year, Shaanxi Automobile Group recruited more than 50 graduates from Xi'an Automobile Vocational University.
Tao Hong, who is engaged in the human resources work of the group, told reporters that the supply and demand sides "hit it together": "For a long time, the professional and technical personnel's mastery of the production line is not as good as that of the direct production personnel, and the direct production personnel's understanding of theoretical knowledge is not as good as that of professional and technical personnel, resulting in The communication efficiency between the two is low. Vocational undergraduates are good at production and understand theory. They can not only troubleshoot problems on the spot, but also feedback problems upwards, building a bridge between the two.”
Tao Hong said that vocational undergraduates have just been born, and it is difficult for enterprises to set up suitable positions in a short period of time.
However, with the gradual popularization of vocational undergraduates, the development mechanism of graduates will become clearer.
"Their future is very broad, and they can combine their interests and choose to improve technology or turn to R&D."
How to better connect talent training and social needs
"The graduation of the first undergraduates is a staged achievement of the reform and development of vocational education in my country, and has an important demonstration effect." Yang Xiaomin, an associate professor at the China Education Policy Research Institute of Beijing Normal University, told reporters that my country is changing from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power. This also puts forward higher requirements for the cultivation of skilled talents, and the establishment of vocational undergraduate programs is at the right time.
On the one hand, the “ceiling” of vocational education at the specialist level has been broken, and students have gained a broader space for growth; on the other hand, a large number of knowledge-intensive modern enterprises will gradually meet the needs of high-quality skilled talents. .
It is understood that in 2021, the national vocational undergraduate education will enroll 41,400 students, and the number of students in school has reached 129,300.
According to the "Opinions on Promoting the High-Quality Development of Modern Vocational Education", by 2025, the enrollment scale of vocational undergraduate education shall not be lower than 10% of the enrollment scale of higher vocational education.
Zhang Ling, vice president of Xi'an Automobile Vocational University, told reporters that as more skilled talents shine, more and more companies are beginning to reverse the stereotype of "emphasizing education and ignoring skills", and the social appeal of vocational education has been further enhanced.
Under the escort of the policy, the employment barrier has been broken.
In November last year, the Academic Degrees Office of the State Council stated that vocational undergraduates will be incorporated into the existing bachelor's degree work system, and certificates of vocational undergraduates and ordinary undergraduates have the same effect in terms of employment, postgraduate entrance examinations, and public examinations.
"Applause" at the entrance and "appeal" at the exit, how can vocational undergraduate education make progress while maintaining stability?
"Vocational undergraduate construction should closely focus on the needs of high-level skilled talents for economic transformation and development and industrial structure upgrading." Yang Xiaomin suggested that at the national level, the top-level design and policy formulation of the planning and development of vocational undergraduate colleges should be strengthened; local governments should also With a long-term perspective, the construction of local vocational undergraduate colleges will increase funding investment and policy guarantees in terms of school positioning, professional setting, and teaching staff, so as to form a group of high-level skilled personnel training colleges and provide powerful talents for local economic development. support.
Having been deeply involved in the front line of enterprises for a long time, Tao Hong believes that the professional setting of vocational undergraduates can be more detailed and specialized.
"For example, now the models are getting more and more complex, and the requirements for craftsmen are getting higher and higher. The ideal state is that some people specialize in electrical systems, some people study braking systems, and some people look at pipelines, all of which depend on further undergraduate training. Enhance professionalism."
Chen Xi