The world's largest social security network is becoming more and more dense to adapt to economic and social development

The world's largest social security network is getting denser and denser

　　During the new crown pneumonia epidemic, China’s social security system has built a solid protection network for people’s health. In 2020, all localities will promptly include eligible people affected by the epidemic into the scope of guarantees such as subsistence allowances, assistance sharing for extremely poor people, and temporary assistance. A total of 148.397 billion yuan in subsidies for people in need was issued. Medical insurance departments in various regions allocated 19.4 billion yuan in special funds to designated hospitals for patients with new coronary pneumonia. The total settlement of medical expenses for patients with new coronary pneumonia throughout the year was 2.84 billion yuan, of which the medical insurance fund paid 1.63 billion yuan.

A social security system with Chinese characteristics designed to guarantee the sense of gain, happiness, and security of all citizens has been initially established.

　　As early as 1931, the social security system was written as an important social system in the "Outline of the Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic". The current "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" Article 14 Paragraph 4 clearly stipulates that the establishment of a country is consistent with the level of economic development. Adapted social security system.

　　From the people’s livelihood propositions in the early days of the founding of the party to policy practice, from the initial exploration of the social security of the Chinese Soviet Republic to the social security work in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, from the people’s security that united all forces during the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation to the labor insurance system in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Established, from the active exploration of the modern social security system during the reform and opening-up period to the establishment of the largest social security system in the world in the new era, China’s social security targets under the leadership of the Communist Party of China continue to expand, the security items continue to increase, and the people’s sense of gain and happiness The increasing sense of security and sense of security have truly embodied the original aspiration and goal of the Communist Party of China to wholeheartedly work for the well-being of the people. With 100 years of glorious achievements, it has realized the 100-year dream of the Chinese people.

Xi Heng, vice chairman of the Chinese Society of Social Security and professor of the School of Public Administration of Northwestern University, recently wrote an article evaluating the social security achievements of the party in the past century.

Social security is the basic system arrangement in different periods

　　On February 26, 1951, the first social insurance regulation "Labor Insurance Regulations of the People's Republic of China" was promulgated after the founding of New China.

In 1999, the State Council promulgated and implemented three administrative regulations, including the Unemployment Insurance Regulations, the Interim Regulations on the Collection of Social Insurance Premiums, and the Urban Residents’ Minimum Living Security Regulations; subsequently, the State Council promulgated the “Work Injury Insurance Regulations” and “Rural Five Guarantees”. Work Regulations, etc. The promulgation of these administrative regulations has provided certain policy norms for my country's social security system, and has also laid the foundation for the realization of my country's social security special legislation.

　　However, the social security system needs to be implemented in accordance with the law, and only through the construction of the rule of law can the people's social security rights be truly guaranteed.

　　Lu Quan, secretary-general of the Chinese Society of Social Security and associate professor of Renmin University of China, said in an interview with a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily that in the process of building the rule of law in my country’s social security, a major landmark event was March 14, 2004. On Japan, the "Amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China" passed at the second session of the Tenth National People's Congress added a provision: The state establishes and improves a social security system that is compatible with the level of economic development.

"This established the constitutional basis of our country's social security system."

　　On July 1, 2011, the Social Insurance Law was implemented.

This is the first specialized law in the field of social security in our country. It puts an end to the situation of relying solely on administrative orders and normative documents to guide social security work, and turns social justice from the ideals and beliefs of the Communist Party of China into legal norms.

Subsequently, the Charity Law and the Military Insurance Law were directly related to social security. The Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Women, the Law on the Protection of Minors, the Law on the Protection of the Disabled, and other indirect laws related to social security were successively promulgated and implemented. The level of legalization of the system has gradually improved.

The social security system adapts to economic and social development in different periods

　　The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made it clear that the goal of my country’s economic system reform is to establish a socialist market economic system. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Issues Concerning the Establishment of a Socialist Market Economic System” adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee defines the social security system. It is the maintenance mechanism for the normal operation of the market economy and one of the five pillars of the market economy system.

　　As a supporting measure for the reform of the market economy and the reform of state-owned enterprises, the social insurance system for urban employees was first established.

In March 1995, the State Council issued the "Notice of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Pension Insurance System for Enterprise Employees", proposing the establishment of a pension insurance system that combines personal accounts with social pooling.

In July 1997, the State Council issued the "Decision of the State Council on Establishing a Unified Basic Pension Insurance System for Enterprise Employees", requiring all localities to complete the integration of the unified pension insurance system, and my country's current employee pension insurance system was established.

　　Social security projects are also gradually expanding.

The work-related injury insurance system was initially established in 1995, and two years later, the maternity insurance system was established.

Coupled with the medical insurance system formally established in 1998, unemployment insurance that replaced unemployment insurance in January 1999, and the long-term care insurance that was piloted in 2016, the social insurance system for urban employees in my country has been fully established.

　　In November 2002, the report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stated that “where conditions permit, explore the establishment of rural pension, medical insurance and minimum living security systems”.

The exploration of the rural social endowment insurance system has been put on the agenda again.

In September 2009, the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on the Pilot Program of New Rural Social Endowment Insurance". The "New Rural Insurance" system was introduced, and in the following years of pilot work, it became an endowment insurance system covering most rural elderly people. For the first time in thousands of years, Chinese farmers have a universal pension fund that is borne by the government.

　　In June 2011, the State Council promulgated the "Guiding Opinions on the Implementation of the Pilot Social Pension Insurance for Urban Residents" and decided to launch the pilot social pension insurance for urban residents from 2011.

The construction of the universal medical insurance system and the universal old-age insurance system has enabled our social security system to achieve full institutional coverage, and "protection for all" has gradually changed from a goal to a reality.

　　According to Lu Quan’s analysis, starting from 2014, with the enhancement of economic support and the improvement of social management, my country’s urban and rural pension insurance systems and medical insurance systems have been integrated into the urban and rural residents’ pension insurance system and the urban and rural residents’ medical insurance system. The integration of the old-age insurance system for enterprise employees and government agencies and institutions, through the construction and improvement of the social security system, has ensured and improved people’s livelihood, established stable safety expectations for the people, and maintained the sound operation of the market economy.

　　In 2016, the "Opinions on Integrating the Basic Medical Insurance System for Urban and Rural Residents" was released, fully integrating the two systems of basic medical insurance for urban residents and the new rural cooperative medical system, and reimbursement for medical treatment no longer distinguishes urban and rural residents.

The direct settlement of medical treatment across provinces and other places was officially launched, and more and more people are enjoying the convenience of medical insurance.

　　In 2018, the National Medical Security Administration was established to unify the management of urban employee medical insurance, urban resident medical insurance, new rural cooperative medical insurance and social assistance, and a historic step in the integration of national medical insurance.

　　In November 2016, the International Social Security Association (ISSA) awarded the "Social Security Outstanding Achievement Award" to the Chinese government, praising China for its "unparalleled achievements in the expansion of social security."

Why is it awarded to China?

The secretary-general of the association, Konkler Wusky, used two percentages to explain the image, "If China is not included, the world's social security coverage is only 50%, and if China is included, it will reach 61%." China will increase the global social security coverage. By 11 percentage points.

　　China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily reporter Wang Yijun Source: China Youth Daily