Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the face of new era conditions and new development stages, General Secretary Xi Jinping created Xi Jinping Economic Thought in the great practice of leading the whole party and the whole people to carry out socialist economic construction with Chinese characteristics.

This thought comprehensively and profoundly answers the fundamental position, historical orientation, guiding ideology, institutional basis, main development line, fundamental requirements, economic system, development path, strategic choice, opening-up, development security, and fundamental guarantee of China's economic development. A series of theoretical and practical issues reveal the inherent logic and objective laws contained therein, and demonstrate scientific truth and strong vitality in guiding practice.

  (1) Adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the party over economic work, and answering the question of the fundamental guarantee of development.

The most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the greatest advantage of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

As early as at the Central Economic Work Conference in December 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that strengthening the Party's leadership over economic work and comprehensively improving the Party's leadership in economic work is an inevitable requirement for adhering to democratic centralism and an advantage of our political system.

The party takes the overall situation and coordinates all parties, and economic work is the central work. Of course, the party's leadership must be fully reflected in the central work. If the central work is grasped, other work can be better carried out.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized on many occasions to strengthen the Party's centralized and unified leadership of economic work, and to comprehensively improve the level of the Party's leadership in economic work.

Adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the party is the fundamental guarantee to ensure that the giant ship of China's economy moves along the correct course.

  (2) Adhering to the people-centered development thinking, answering the question of our party's fundamental position on development.

In November 2012, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out when meeting with Chinese and foreign journalists at the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the 18th CPC Central Committee: "The people's yearning for a better life is our goal." In the twenty-eighth collective study of the Political Bureau of the Eighth Central Committee, it pointed out: "The Fifth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly proposed to adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, and to improve people's well-being, promote people's all-round development, and move towards common development. Steady progress in the direction of prosperity is the starting point and end point of economic development. We must never forget this point, and we must firmly adhere to this fundamental position in deploying economic work, formulating economic policies, and promoting economic development.” People-centered development Thought, profoundly clarifies the fundamental question of who develops for, who relies on, and who owns the fruits of development, and is a basic thread that runs through Xi Jinping's economic thought.

  (3) From the new normal of economic development to the new development stage, it answers the question of the historical position of China's development.

Since 2012, the structural contradictions and deep-seated problems in my country's economic development have become prominent, and the downward pressure on the economy has continued to increase.

In July 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee that my country's economy is in a period of shifting growth rates, a period of structural adjustment pains, and a superimposed period of early stimulus policy digestion.

In December 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the "new normal" at the Central Economic Work Conference.

At the Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping analyzed the reasons why my country's economic development has entered the new normal from the trend changes in nine aspects, emphasizing that "understanding the new normal, adapting to the new normal, and leading the new normal is the The big logic of my country's economic development at present and in the future."

In October 2017, at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that my country's economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development.

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed that after building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and achieving the first centenary goal, we should take advantage of the momentum to start a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way and march toward the second centenary goal. my country has entered a new stage of development.

From the "three-phase superposition", the new normal of economic development to the transition to high-quality development, and then to a new development stage, it reflects the evolution process of the staged transformation of China's economic development after socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. The internal consistency and progressiveness clarifies the historical orientation of China's development and the basic strategic orientation after the transformation of the development stage.

  (4) Adhering to the new development concept, it answered the guiding ideological questions about what kind of development China wants to achieve and how to achieve it.

The development concept is the forerunner of development actions, and it is something that manages the overall situation, the fundamentals, the direction, and the long-term.

In 2015, General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over symposiums in Zhejiang, Guizhou and Jilin to listen to the opinions and suggestions of leading comrades in many provinces on economic and social development during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period. Development concepts lead development actions.

In October 2015, at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing.

The new development concept answers a series of theoretical and practical questions about the purpose, driving force, method, and path of development, and clarifies our party's political position, value orientation, development model, development path and other major political issues on development. Development thinking, development direction, and development focus have deepened our party's understanding of the law of socialist economic development with Chinese characteristics. It is a systematic theoretical system that leads to profound changes in the overall development of our country.

  (5) Make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation, better play the role of the government, adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, and answer the issue of institutional guarantees for development.

The reform of the economic system is the focus of comprehensively deepening the reform, and the core issue is to properly handle the relationship between the government and the market.

At the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in November 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the market allocation of resources is the most efficient form, and the market determines the allocation of resources is a general law of the market economy. Decisive role, and made a new positioning for the role of the market.

These expositions clarified the organically unified and mutually reinforcing relationship between effective market and promising government, enriched and developed the theory of socialist market economy, and pointed out the direction for my country's deepening economic system reform.

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that public ownership is the main body, multiple types of ownership economies develop together, distribution according to work is the main body, and various distribution methods coexist. The superiority of the system, which is compatible with the development level of the social productive forces in the primary stage of socialism in our country, is a great creation of the party and the people.

Incorporating the socialist market economic system into the basic socialist economic system and making a new generalization of the basic socialist economic system is an important development and deepening of the connotation of the basic socialist economic system, and provides an institutional guarantee for the continuous liberation and development of social productive forces .

  (6) Promoting supply-side structural reform, answering the main line of economic development and economic work.

At the meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Leading Group in November 2015, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed that while moderately expanding total demand, we should focus on strengthening supply-side structural reform, focus on improving the quality and efficiency of the supply system, and enhance the driving force for sustained economic growth.

In December 2015, at the Central Economic Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the key to supply-side structural reform is to do a good job in "cutting production capacity, reducing inventory, deleveraging, reducing costs, and making up for shortcomings".

With the continuous deepening of supply-side structural reforms, General Secretary Xi Jinping further put forward new requirements of "consolidation, enhancement, improvement, and smooth flow" at the Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2018, emphasizing that the eight-character policy is the current and future period. Deepen supply-side structural reforms and promote high-quality economic development.

General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discussion on promoting supply-side structural reform is a major theoretical innovation to adapt to and lead the new normal of economic development, clarify the main line of economic development and economic work in the new stage, and play an important role in promoting the sustainable and healthy development of my country's economy .

  (7) Promote high-quality development, answering the fundamental requirements of my country to determine development ideas, formulate economic policies, and implement macro-control.

High-quality development embodies the development of insisting on improving the quality and efficiency of development as the center, to better meet the people's growing needs for a better life, and to reflect the development of new development concepts.

The Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2017 pointed out that promoting high-quality development is an inevitable requirement for maintaining sustainable and healthy economic development, adapting to changes in the main contradictions of our society, building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, and building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. It is an inevitable requirement to follow the laws of economic development.

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized that the theme of economic and social development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period should be to promote high-quality development.

To promote high-quality development, we must adhere to the principle of quality first and efficiency first, effectively transform the development mode, and promote quality, efficiency, and power changes, so that the results of development can better benefit all people, and continuously realize the people's yearning for a better life.

Promoting high-quality development points out the fundamental requirements for doing a good job in economic work under the new situation, and provides a fundamental basis for determining development ideas, formulating economic policies, and implementing macro-control in the new development stage.

  (8) Building a modern economic system, answering the question of what kind of economic system a powerful modern socialist country wants to build.

Building a powerful modern socialist country must be based on building a modern economic system.

In October 2017, at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that building a modern economic system is an urgent requirement to cross the threshold and a strategic goal of my country's development.

In January 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping further emphasized that a strong country requires a strong economic system.

Only by forming a modern economic system can we better adapt to the trend of modernization, win the initiative in international competition, and provide strong support for modernization in other fields.

In accordance with the requirements of building a powerful modern socialist country, we must accelerate the construction of a modern economic system and ensure that the goal of building a powerful modern socialist country is realized as scheduled.

General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on building a modern economic system enriches and develops our party's theory of modernization, and provides an action guide for building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.

  (9) Promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization, answering the question of the path of China's development.

To uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, the general task is to realize socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

General Secretary Xi Jinping especially emphasized at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that my country's modernization is a modernization with a huge population, a modernization in which all the people are prosperous, a modernization in which material civilization and spiritual civilization are coordinated, and a harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The modernization of China is a modernization that takes the path of peaceful development.

In July 2021, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China: "We will adhere to and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and promote the coordinated development of material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization, social civilization, and ecological civilization. It has created a new path of Chinese-style modernization and a new form of human civilization." The Chinese-style modernization path has created an important prerequisite for China's development, prosperity and progress, changed the pattern of world modernization dominated by the Western modernization model for a long time, and expanded the development of The country's approach to modernization has contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to human development and progress.

  (10) Constructing a new development pattern and answering the question of strategic choice for my country's economic development in the new development stage.

Entering 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic has become a global pandemic, the trend of anti-globalization has intensified, unilateralism and protectionism have risen, and the traditional international economic cycle has been significantly weakened.

At the meeting of the Central Finance and Economics Committee held in April 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed to build a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles promoting each other.

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee further emphasized that it is necessary to form a strong domestic market and build a new development pattern.

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that building a new development pattern is a strategic choice to keep pace with the times and improve my country's economic development level, and it is also a strategic choice to shape my country's new advantages in international economic cooperation and competition.

To build a new development pattern, we must adhere to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, so that production, distribution, circulation, and consumption rely more on the domestic market to form a virtuous circle of the national economy.

It is necessary to adhere to the strategic direction of supply-side structural reform, improve the adaptability of the supply system to domestic demand, open up the economic cycle blockages, improve the integrity of the industrial chain and supply chain, and make the domestic market the main source of final demand, forming demand A higher level dynamic balance of traction supply, supply creating demand.

General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on building a new development pattern answers the question of strategic choices for my country's economic development after entering a new stage of development. A major strategic deployment of new advantages in cooperation and competition.

  (11) Promote high-level opening to the outside world, answering the question of China's development of opening to the outside world.

After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the first stop of General Secretary Xi Jinping's investigation outside Beijing was Shenzhen, the frontier of reform and opening up, proclaiming to the world his firm belief that reform will not stop and opening will not stop.

In December 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in the 19th collective study of the Political Bureau of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that continuously expanding and improving the level of opening to the outside world, and promoting reform and development through opening up are the new achievements of my country's development. important magic weapon.

Opening brings progress, while closing leads to backwardness. This has been proved by the development practice of the world and our country.

At the opening ceremony of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2018 in April 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping reiterated: "China's door to opening will not be closed, it will only open wider!" In September 2021, President Xi Jinping attended the 76th In the general debate of the UN General Assembly and an important speech, he proposed a global development initiative, emphasizing the joint response to global threats and challenges, and promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

Promoting a high level of opening to the outside world conveys to the international community that China will embrace the world with a higher level of opening up, and will surely form a more benign interaction with the world, and promote the common prosperity and development of China and the world.

  (12) Coordinate development and security, answering the question about the relationship between development and security.

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that security is the premise of development, and development is the guarantee of security.

The current and future period is a period in which all kinds of contradictions and risks are prone to occur in my country, and various predictable and unforeseeable risk factors have increased significantly.

We must adhere to overall development and safety, enhance awareness of opportunities and risks, establish bottom-line thinking, estimate difficulties more fully, think more deeply about risks, focus on plugging loopholes, strengths and weaknesses, and play the first move and play well We will take the initiative to effectively prevent and resolve various risks and challenges, and ensure the smooth progress of the cause of socialist modernization.

Coordinating development and security, and running the two major events of development and security well, reflects forward-looking thinking, overall planning, strategic layout, and overall promotion of coordinating the "two overall situations", in order to effectively prevent and resolve various risks and challenges, ensure social It provides strategic guidance for the smooth progress of the modernization cause.

  To sum up, the great practice of the formation and development of Xi Jinping's economic thought in the construction of socialist economy with Chinese characteristics in the new era is the latest achievement of the Party's deepening of understanding of the laws of socialist economic construction with Chinese characteristics and the latest theoretical innovation, and it is the latest achievement of Marxist political economy. The new theoretical leap of Sinicization is the fundamental guideline for doing a good job in economic work in the new era and new stage, and it is the theoretical guide for building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.

  (The author is the vice chairman of China International Economic Exchange Center)