This year's summer grain peak season purchase volume is expected to reach 130 billion catties! What are the experiences of wheat along the way from field to table?
The people take food as their heaven, and the food is abundant in the world.
The reporter learned from the State Bureau of Grain and Material Reserves that the purchase of summer grains is currently being carried out from south to north.
Judging from the purchase progress, up to now, the main producing areas have purchased 18.89 million tons of wheat, an increase of 5.29 million tons year-on-year.
The main summer grain producing areas have a bumper wheat harvest.
So, how does the harvested wheat go to the warehouse?
How is the food stored in the warehouse?
How does the grain in the granary end up on the table of the common people?
What are the experiences of wheat along the way from the field to the table?
What is the progress of the wheat harvest in the main summer grain producing areas in my country?
Right now, in the fields of some parts of our country, the harvest of wheat is still underway. One harvester shuttles back and forth in the field, and the straw balers are also working synchronously.
The harvest of wheat in the main summer grain producing areas in my country has started successively from the end of May.
After nearly a month of busy work, as of June 21, 301 million mu of wheat have been harvested in 9 provinces including Sichuan, Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Hebei, and Shanxi, and the harvest progress has reached 99.2%.
The progress of the wheat machine harvesting released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on the 22nd shows that the large-scale machine harvesting of wheat in the main summer grain producing areas has basically ended, and a bumper harvest is a foregone conclusion.
How many levels do the grains return to the warehouse to enter the granary?
After the wheat is harvested from the fields, the next step is to store it in the warehouse, that is, grain purchase.
What are the steps involved in this process?
It is understood that the harvested grain is first transported by the grain truck to the gate of the grain depot, and then it is subjected to sampling, weighing, quality inspection and other links, and finally the grain is unloaded into the warehouse.
Grain transport truck sampling this link is to randomly select ten points on the truck for sampling through the slender sampling rod on the self-service sampling machine.
The samples taken out are automatically transported to the intelligent inspection room for automatic inspection, so as to determine the quality and grade of this truck of wheat.
The entire process is unmanned throughout the process.
The unmanned operation is not only about the sampling process. From entering the grain depot to outgoing the grain truck, the intermediate sampling, weight measurement, and unloading of grain into the warehouse are basically unmanned throughout the whole process, and the efficiency is greatly improved. .
How is wheat stored after entering the granary?
We know that grains are prone to insects, mold or spoilage over time.
After the wheat enters the granary, how is it properly stored?
Let's follow the reporter's camera together and go to the warehouse directly under the China Grain Reserve in Zhengzhou to have a look↓↓↓
In the warehouse directly affiliated to China Grain Reserves in Zhengzhou, farmers drive grain trucks to sell grain every day during the purchasing season. One truckload of wheat is transported to the granary after being hydraulically turned over, cleaned, and cleaned.
It is 60 meters long and 30 meters wide. The area here is 1,800 square meters. How much wheat can be put in such a large granary?
The answer is 7,500 tons. The thickness of the windows here is 80 cm thick. For such a thick wall, the first is because the 6-meter-high wheat under the feet is under too much pressure, and the second is to ensure that the grain is stored in a low temperature, low humidity, in a hypoxic environment.
Here, every grain of wheat is alive and can breathe. Overheating will cause mold and insects. There are 364 temperature sensors buried in this wheat pile. Based on this, the staff conducts real-time temperature monitoring of the wheat. Monitoring, (following the humidity change) for supplementary cooling.
Compared with traditional air conditioners, the inner circulation temperature control system saves about 80% of energy consumption, so a granary can save 400 kWh of electricity a day, which is equivalent to the electricity consumption of a family of three for two months.
What temperature needs to be maintained in the granary for quality preservation?
In order to preserve the quality and freshness, the grain in the granary needs to be stored at low temperature.
So, what is the optimum temperature?
According to reports, the temperature in the warehouse needs to be controlled below 25 °C for a long time.
This requires the use of a key technology in grain storage: the inner loop temperature control system.
That is to say, there are hundreds of temperature sensing cables distributed in each granary three-dimensionally, with temperature sensors on them, which monitor the changes of grain temperature at different positions in real time. Once the temperature is higher than this temperature, the inner circulation temperature control system will automatically start. Make sure that the temperature in the chamber is controlled below 25°C.
The reporter visits the grain and oil hub: how does wheat enter the processing plant?
Wheat goes into the granary for storage, is it over?
Of course not. Next, wheat will enter the processing and trade links.
How does this part work?
Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu is an important logistics hub for the transportation of grains from the north to the south in the Yangtze River Basin. There is the largest comprehensive grain and oil processing base in Asia - COFCO Donghai Grain and Oil Industrial Park. Click the video and follow the reporter to see it.
The total amount of grain entering the port from Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu reaches more than 20,000 tons every day. What is the concept?
If it is calculated in terms of train skins, it is full of 330 wagons of food.
A 70,000-ton freighter is docked at Berth No. 4. The machinery that is working on the side of the freighter is the grain transfer loading and unloading equipment.
In such a huge grain production base, it also carries the functions of grain storage and processing, including emergency supply guarantee.
The order in the hands of the reporter is a rice order from Suzhou on the 24th. The demand is 120 tons for a food processing enterprise.
Received the order today at 9:15am and requested to be delivered by 8am tomorrow.
Such an urgent task, such a large workload, how should the task be completed?
Relying on modern scientific and technological means, robot packing machine, robot palletizer, mechanized loading, saving time and improving efficiency, through the operation of agile manipulators, 1500 boxes of rice can be loaded and shipped in one hour. Each person can complete a maximum of 500 boxes per hour.
There are 2-3 orders like this every day.
How did wheat "transform" from raw grain to food?
The entry of wheat into the processing plant is the beginning of its realization of its own value.
Then, what is the process from a grain of wheat to steamed buns, noodles on the table of the common people, and even delicious food with high added value on the shelf?
This is a ripe wheat field, with ears and grains of wheat, undergoing the summer harvest.
This grain of wheat has traveled thousands of kilometers from the tip of the ear to the granary; just after reaching the silo, a series of advanced equipment began to clean it and his friends.
Of course, this is not simply taking a bath with water. Magnetic separation, vibration, blowing, stone removal, and color selection are all essential. After standing in water and brushing the final surface, the cleaning work is counted. Finally, the wheat can finally be sent to the processing workshop clean.
In the journey of the processing workshop, wheat needs to go through 5 skin mills and 10 core mills for fine grinding and fine grinding, and then go through grading, sieving, automatic powder mixing, packaging, storage and other links, and finally it can become marketable. mature flour products.
For regular wheat flour, the journey ends here, but for specialty wheat flour, the journey is far from over.
For example, whole wheat flour will continue to undergo more complex changes and tests such as ultra-fine grinding.
The specially made whole wheat flour is the champion in the flour yield rate of wheat processing. The flour yield rate can reach more than 97%, far exceeding the average level of 80% of ordinary flour, that is, there is almost no waste in the processing process.
Whether it is egg tarts, bread, cakes, waffles... Our existing technology can produce special flour of various grades and categories according to market needs, and enter the dining table of millions of families.