Ocean economy becomes a new growth point
Opportunities in the vast ocean are emerging day by day.
According to data released by the Ministry of Natural Resources, in the first quarter, the output of offshore crude oil and natural gas increased by 8.8% and 15.9% respectively year-on-year.
Relevant experts said that the current economy is facing greater downward pressure, and the marine economy is expected to become a new economic growth point.
Provide various resources
In mid-May, the first set of localized deep-water underwater Christmas tree was installed on the seabed in Yinggehai, Hainan. This equipment is an important part of the underwater oil and gas production system engineering demonstration project led by CNOOC, marking the A key step has been taken in the development of key technical equipment.
Data shows that marine energy has become an important growth point.
Last year, the increase of my country's offshore crude oil accounted for more than 80% of the national total, a record high level. The newly added grid-connected capacity of offshore wind power was 7.42 million kilowatts, with an annual growth rate of over 80%. .
Sheng Chaoxun, director of the Strategic Policy Office of the China Academy of Macroeconomics, said that marine emerging industries have huge potential. In the past 10 years, the average annual growth rate of marine emerging industries has exceeded 10%, and industries such as marine biomedicine, marine power, and seawater utilization have thrived.
At present, marine transportation undertakes about 85% of the global freight volume, and 90% of the import and export volume of my country's trade in goods is also completed by sea transportation.
At the same time, coastal countries generally choose to solve the problem of land shortage through reclamation.
The ocean provides various resource guarantees.
At present, the global marine fishery catch is nearly 100 million tons, accounting for 90% of the global fishery output, and the protein provided by seafood accounts for about 22% of the protein for human consumption.
"The ocean is also a gathering place for high-tech." Sheng Chaoxun said that the development of marine resources is more difficult than land resources, and has the characteristics of high risk, high technology and high return.
With the implementation of my country's marine power and innovation-driven development strategy, a number of new marine-related R&D institutions have been accelerated, and scientific and technological innovations such as deep-sea exploration, manned deep diving, polar scientific research, and marine information have flourished.
At the same time, with the improvement of people's living standards, marine service industries such as coastal tourism, ocean transportation, marine technology services, and sea-related finance have ushered in important development opportunities, and there is huge room for transformation and upgrading of traditional marine industries.
According to the forecast of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, by 2030, the marine industry with huge development potential will outperform the overall performance of the global economy in terms of added value and job creation, and the contribution of the marine economy to the global economy's added value will double to 3 trillions of dollars, accounting for about 2.5% of the global economic added value.
The 2021 China Marine Economic Statistical Bulletin shows that last year, my country's marine gross product exceeded 9 trillion yuan for the first time, an increase of 8.3% over the previous year, contributing 8% to the national economic growth, and accounting for 15% of the coastal area's gross domestic product. .
At the same time, the marine economic structure has been continuously optimized, with the marine tertiary industry accounting for 61.6%, the secondary industry accounting for 33.4%, and the primary industry accounting for 5%.
Development faces many challenges
Relevant experts said that from the perspective of my country's land and sea development planning system, the sea-related parts of land planning are mainly concentrated in the coastal land areas, and the overall planning of land and sea needs to be further deepened. Not enough either.
"In the past period of time, in order to achieve the goal of 'doubling' the total GDP, the coastal areas mostly used land reclamation and establishment of industrial parks as conditions to attract projects to land. During the same development period and adjacent regional spaces, the same development was adopted. This leads to the homogenization of the industry.” Wang Dianchang, the former director of the Department of Policy, Regulation and Planning of the State Oceanic Administration, introduced that a large number of reclamations have increased the supply of land, but changed the attributes of the ocean, damaged the marine environment, damaged the marine ecosystem, and developed The contradiction with the carrying capacity of resources and environment is prominent.
The most prominent is the loss of near-shore tidal flat wetlands, which severely damages the spawning grounds, hatcheries, feeding grounds and migratory paths of fish, causing damage to marine life.
Sheng Chaoxun said that the scale of marine emerging industries in the main marine industries is still not high, the key core technologies are weak, the independent innovation capability is not strong, and the contradictions of high investment, high risk and low income in industrial development are prominent, and there are still many practical constraints.
At the same time, due to the constraints of various factors such as mechanisms, development paths, etc., the industry-university-research cooperation chain in my country's marine field is not close enough, the transformation channels of scientific and technological achievements are blocked, and the disconnection of knowledge chain, technology chain and industrial chain is common.
Expand the emerging marine industry
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the marine economy will enter a new stage of development.
It is understood that many coastal provinces in my country have written the development of the marine economy into the "14th Five-Year Plan" outline, and plan to vigorously develop the marine economy.
"We must adhere to the overall planning of land and sea, innovative development, further clarify the development orientation of coastal areas, and form a new pattern of distinctive regional characteristics, prominent advantages, and coordinated development in my country's coastal areas." Wang Dianchang proposed that it is necessary to build a coastal city cluster with characteristics and create a coastal bay. District economic circle, and create a highland for marine industry in coastal areas.
"It is necessary to build a closer regional industrial division and cooperation mechanism with industrial clusters as the carrier to enhance the systematization of industrial layout and the coordinated linkage of industrial chains and innovation chains." Sheng Chaoxun said.
At the same time, promote the development of traditional marine industries such as marine fishery, ship repair and construction, coastal tourism, and sea-related services to improve the quality and efficiency, and continuously improve the innovation and development capabilities of the marine industry.
One is to build a closer inter-regional industrial division and cooperation mechanism with industrial clusters as the carrier.
Focus on relying on marine economic development demonstration zones and marine economic innovation and development demonstration cities to form a group of influential modern marine industry clusters.
The second is to promote the optimization of the marine industry structure by focusing on the cultivation of emerging industries.
Focus on emerging marine industries such as marine drugs and biological products, marine new energy, seawater desalination, marine engineering equipment, and new marine materials, increase R&D investment and policy support, and promote the development and growth of marine emerging industries.
The third is to focus on optimizing the environment to promote the convergence of high-end elements to the marine economy.
Strengthen reform and innovation and policy support, promote the free flow of factors and the release of value, and promote major technological breakthroughs in the marine industry.
Huang Xiaofang
Huang Xiaofang