[Global.net report reporter Bao Yuyan, intern reporter Mei Xuhang] Zhu Rihe, located in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, this Mongolian language means heart, courage and courage. It was once an ancient battlefield where Genghis Khan swung his whip. Now it has become a large land and air force for our army. Joint training base.

  On the morning of July 30, 2017, a military parade to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army was held here. Tigers and beavers gathered, and the three armies shined their swords. For the first time since the founding of the army, the flag guard was composed of officers and soldiers of the four services: The team stood at the forefront of the team under review. Under the escort of more than 200 officers and men, the flag of the Communist Party of China, the flag of the People’s Republic of China, and the flag of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army were waving in the wind. This was the first time that the Bayi Army Flag appeared alongside the party flag and the national flag. In the parade.

  The military flag is a symbol of the nature of the army, and it is the soul and spirit of the army. Since the beginning of the war, each army usually has its own flag and flag bearer. In order to protect the flag on the battlefield, the flag-protecting troops have fought bloody battles.

  The banner of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was produced and gradually finalized during the Revolutionary War. With the development of the military struggle situation and army building, it has moved from a variety of styles to standardized unity, and was finally determined as the "August 1st" banner.

  The birth of the first military standard

  In 1927, the city of Nanchang shot through the night sky, announcing the birth of the People's Army led by the Communist Party of China. However, this bloody fighting team did not have its own banner when it was founded. At that time, in order to win over and unite with the leftists of the Kuomintang, the uprising troops followed the name of the Second Front of the National Revolutionary Army, and they also played the banner of the National Revolutionary Army.

  As the revolutionary situation develops, the CCP has become more and more aware of the need to call on the masses to raise the banner of armed workers and peasants to launch an uprising in the name of the Communist Party. Mao Zedong pointed out in a report to the Central Committee long before the Autumn Harvest Uprising: "We should no longer play the flag of the Kuomintang. We should play the flag of the Communist Party aloft... The Kuomintang flag has become the flag of the warlords, and only the Communist flag is the flag of the people. ."

  In order to prepare for the Autumn Harvest Uprising, He Changgong, the staff of the 1st Division of the 1st Army of the Workers’ and Peasants Revolutionary Army, the deputy Yang Lisan, and the chief of staff Chen Shuhua were ordered to design and produce the banner. He Changgong wrote in his memoirs: "I was responsible for the design and production of the flag of the First Division of the First Army of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants Revolutionary Army. There is a big five-pointed star in the middle of the bright red flag. The star is the pattern of a sickle and an axe. The flagpole has a ten-centimeter-wide blank with the designation of the First Division of the Workers’ and Peasants Revolutionary Army’s First Army. It is very mighty and beautiful.” The red flag at the bottom symbolizes the revolution; the white five-pointed star in the center symbolizes the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party; the star is embedded The crossed sickle and axe signify the close unity of the workers and peasants. They summoned master tailors and rushed to rush to make military flags. As many as 40 people were invited on their own initiative. Before the uprising, they sewed 100 brand-new military flags.

  On September 9, 1927, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the autumn harvest uprising on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi broke out. This uprising used the name of the Workers’ and Peasants Revolution for the first time, and the white five-star scythe and axe flag with a bright red background gave this new people’s army a distinctive look. Temperament. In this way, in China and in the East, the first red flag of revolution was fought.

  The flag of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Army was raised in the most eye-catching position of Xiushui County under the escort of the secret service company. He Changgong vividly described: "The battle red flag of the workers and peasants with axes, sickles and five-pointed stars reflected the faces of the soldiers and inspired the hearts of thousands of revolutionary people." At that time, a couplet was in Changshou Town, Pingjiang County. A vivid interpretation of the meaning of the military banner: "The axe splits the new world, and the sickle splits the old universe." Heng criticized: "Change the sky and the earth." Mao Zedong also wrote in the words of "Xijiang Moon·Autumn Harvest Uprising": "The military is called the revolution of workers and peasants. Axe. Do not stay in the Kuanglu area, and go straight to Xiaoxiang." The Workers’ and Peasants Revolutionary Army was guided by the banner of the "First Division of the Workers’ and Peasants Revolutionary Army".

  Since then, the flag style of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants Revolutionary Army (later renamed the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army) has been modified many times, but the basic pattern (pentagram, sickle, axe or hammer) and bright red flag color have remained unchanged.

  The style of the Red Army flag gradually unified

  On May 25, 1928, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to transform the Workers’ and Peasants’ Revolutionary Army established in various base areas into the Red Army. In addition to the Nanchang Uprising and the Autumn Harvest Uprising, the Communist Party of China led many armed uprisings throughout the country. In these uprisings, the flag not only serves as a symbol of spirit and strength, but also has the effect of disturbing the hearts of the enemy.

  There was a wonderful case in the Jinggangshan period. In the battle between the old and new Qixiling, Su Yu, the commander of the Red 28th Regiment, was ordered to lead the entire company to attack a commanding height in the old Qixi Mountains. When the commanding height was reached, the entire company had only nine remaining. People, the enemy had already fleeed at this time, so Su Yu left six guarding the commanding heights, and then took three soldiers to move forward. When he rushed to a mountain col, he found that there were more than one hundred enemies gathered here. At that moment, he blew the charge and waved the flag. The enemy did not dare to move rashly. Su Yu shouted: "Let down your weapons, you are captured!" The enemy was shocked and raised their hands to surrender. Classic Case.

  However, because the uprisings were carried out in different places at that time, communication was not smooth, and armed uprisings in various places fought various military flags, but most of them were inseparable from elements such as sickles, axes, five-pointed stars, and red flags. With the development and growth of the Red Army, the reunification of the military flag is also on the agenda.

  In April 1930, the Central Military Commission issued the "Notice Regarding the Regulations on the Red Army Flags at All Levels", which formally stipulated the design, color and size of the military flags. In October of the same year, the Central Military Commission issued the "Draft for the Establishment of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army." In addition, less than a year after the 1930 style was issued, the central government promulgated the 1931 army flag style. Therefore, the 1930 style army flag was not implemented in time.

  In March 1931, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission promulgated the "Soviet and Mass Organizations Red Army Flag Sealing Style". The Red Army flag style has been greatly changed. The sickle and axe were changed to golden sickle and hammer, and the five-pointed star was changed from white to golden yellow. Place it in the upper corner of the banner. Since the newly promulgated military flag style was relatively complicated, and the material conditions of the base areas and the Red Army were not superior at that time, after the promulgation of the "Style", the flags could not be completely renewed uniformly, and could only be gradually transitioned. As a result, the Red Army flags were cross-used.

  On November 7, 1931, the Chinese Soviet Republic was established. At the first meeting of the Soviet Central Executive Committee, Mao Zedong made an impromptu speech: We didn't even have time to formulate the national anthem, national flag, and national emblem. It doesn't matter, the children are born, and are you afraid of not being named? If you don’t have the national anthem, you can sing the "Internationale."

  In 1934, the Second National Congress of Soviets stipulated and unified the style of the military flag in the form of a national decree. The military flag has a red base, a yellow crossed sickle and a hammer in the middle, and a yellow five-pointed star on the right corner. The flag handle is white. In October of the same year, the Red Army began the Long March, using this style of flag on the way. The bright red flag is galloping with the blood of millions of soldiers, performing scenes of mighty and majestic banner legends.

  In the Wumeng roundabout in the Long March, the Red Second and Sixth Army once planted a big red flag and sang the "Empty City Plan". On the evening of March 13, 1936, the leaders of He Long, Ren Bishi, Guan Xiangying and other legions analyzed the severe situation of the Red Army facing the lack of supplies and exhaustion of the troops. The troops decided to break through from the enemy’s joint to the northwest. On March 14. , The soldiers planted red flags all over the woods, and the positions were covered with scarecrows. Then, facing the enemy’s approach, they quietly penetrated the gap between the enemy’s two columns and finally jumped out of the encirclement. It was not until two days later that the enemy did not Knowing that the red flag on the position was a suspicious soldier clothed by the Red Army, he was hit by the "empty city plan."

  In October 1935, the First Red Army successfully completed the Long March and arrived at the base in northern Shaanxi. According to the resolution of the Wayaobao Conference, in February 1936, the First Red Army marched eastward in the name of the "Chinese People's Red Army Anti-Japanese Vanguard" and developed into the North China region.

  It can be seen from the data map that the basic style of the "Chinese People's Red Army Anti-Japanese Pioneer Army" is the same as the 1931 Red Army flag. The upper right corner of the flag is a five-star, and the center is a crossed sickle and axe (not a hammer). Ming's unit designation was changed to "Chinese People's Red Army Anti-Japanese Vanguard". This is also the last banner of the Red Army.

  The birth of the "August 1st" banner

  With the rapid progress of the War of Liberation, the use of the new military flag was mentioned on the agenda of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China collected patterns for the design of the flag of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from the whole army. The whole army listened to the orders and submitted nearly 500 copies. Participation pattern. The design team pre-selected more than 30 schemes to make "like flags". After Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De and other leading comrades saw the "like flag", they all recognized that the military flag had a red background and a five-pointed star on the flag, symbolizing the People's Liberation Army as the people's army led by the Communist Party of China. Mao Zedong also said: "There must be the word'August 1'on the military flag, indicating that the Nanchang Uprising was the day when the army was founded."

  On March 13, 1949, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China "Resolution on Military Flags" stipulated: The Chinese People's Liberation Army flag should be a red background with a five-pointed star and the word "August 1".

  At the preparatory meeting of the New CPPCC opened on June 15, 1949, in the name of Chairman Mao Zedong, Vice Chairman Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, and Peng Dehuai of the Chinese People’s Revolutionary Military Committee, the order of "Announcement of the Military Emblem of the Chinese People's Liberation Army" was officially issued. On the same day, the People’s Daily published an editorial entitled "Put the People's Liberation Army Flags All Over China," and said: “When people see the People's Liberation Army flags and military emblems, they will think of the tortuous road it has traveled and the People's Revolution. The power will inevitably obtain the truth of final victory." Since then, the Chinese People's Liberation Army has its own unified banner.

  In the years of war, this bright red flag guided our soldiers to fly the glorious banner across the mountains and plains of China. It inspired hundreds of millions of soldiers and civilians to successfully complete the great revolutionary war under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. It has witnessed the People’s Army’s success. Glory and dreams. From sickle and axe to August 1st Venus, it tempered its muscles and bones in the Long March, from millet rifle to land, sea, air and sky, it became a sacred belief in the sky, from defending the country to going to the world, hunting under the banner, bursting with supreme glory.

  references:

  1. Xu Ping. The historical evolution of the banner of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army [J]. Yanhuang Chunqiu, 2018

  2. Jiang Tingyu. The historical evolution of the flag of the Chinese People's Liberation Army [J]. Military History, 2017

  3. CCTV. "Classic of Hundred Wars" red mark · flag flying [EB/OL]. http://tv.cctv.com/2019/03/23/VIDETH87nfKfviq1nVE1XOSG190323.shtml?spm=C52346.P75408450116.E76863300214.55, 2019