Outlook · Chronicle of Governance丨Youwei Supervision Supports Efficient Market
◆ It is necessary to speed up the transformation of government functions, improve the efficiency of government supervision, promote the better combination of effective market and promising government, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and the safety of people's lives and property in accordance with the law. "General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized this when he presided over the 23rd meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform on December 17, 2021.
◆ In the past ten years, a series of major changes and vivid practices in my country's market supervision concepts, ideas and methods have greatly improved the effectiveness of market supervision, supported the accelerated formation of a unified national market, and supported China's economic and social development towards high-quality development.
◆ As an important platform for "double random, one public" supervision, the national enterprise credit information publicity system has realized "one network collection, three-party service" - collecting the registration information, administrative examination and approval information of enterprises across the country, and enterprises received by various enterprises. information on punishment. This "Honor Roll" of enterprises effectively promotes legal governance of enterprises, realizes joint punishment, and promotes social co-governance
◆ From institutional integration to system integration, the reform of market supervision institutions not only realizes the integration of multiple bureaus and functions, but also the integration of multiple responsibilities, forming a large-scale supervision covering the whole process of production, circulation, and consumption, all fields and all aspects. , "one team to manage the market" has opened a new era of market supervision
◆ In recent years, the activity of Chinese market players has generally stabilized at around 70%, with an average annual net growth of more than 10 million households
◆ Establish and improve the quality work responsibility system, improve the quality assessment and incentive mechanism, and gradually build a responsibility system in which the local government takes the overall responsibility, the regulatory department takes its own responsibility, and the enterprise is the first responsible person
◆ By the end of 2021, the qualified rate of my country's manufacturing products has reached over 93% for 6 consecutive years, the highest level in history
◆ In 2021, a total of 23.812 million consumer complaints, reports and consultations will be accepted through the national 12315 platform and other channels, saving consumers 5.55 billion yuan in economic losses
Text | "Lookout" Newsweek reporter Zhao Wenjun
"It is necessary to speed up the transformation of government functions, improve the efficiency of government supervision, promote a better combination of effective markets and promising governments, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and the safety of people's lives and properties in accordance with the law." General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over a comprehensive deepening of the central government on December 17, 2021. This was emphasized at the 23rd meeting of the Reform Committee.
The meeting reviewed and approved important documents such as the "Guiding Opinions on Further Improving the Efficiency of Government Supervision and Promoting High-quality Development".
As a key link in the reshaping of government power, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core, my country's market supervision work has undergone historic changes.
In order to give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, my country has deepened the reform of "delegating power, delegating power, regulating services" to promote the transformation of government functions, stimulating and releasing the vitality of the "big market" with scientific and efficient "big supervision", so that the promising government and the effective market can complement each other. The positive role of the "two hands" of the government and the market has been brought into full play.
In the past ten years, market supervision has changed from post-event supervision to in-process and post-event supervision, and the threshold has been moved forward to improve supervision efficiency; through the adjustment of government agencies to establish the General Administration of Market Supervision, a large market and a large supervision pattern have been formed; the market supervision team and supervision chain have been gradually rationalized. , to achieve "one team to manage the market"; to promote the improvement of the business environment with effective market supervision, to help cultivate high-quality active market players, China's net increase of 100 million market players in the past 10 years; to reduce market access thresholds and institutional transactions cost, carry out in-depth quality improvement actions, and create a safe consumption environment... A series of major changes and vivid practices in market supervision concepts, ideas, and methods have greatly improved my country's market supervision efficiency and supported China's economic and social acceleration towards high-quality development. .
In January 2022, the State Council issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Modernization of Market Supervision", which requires the improvement of the market supervision system and the improvement of its efficiency and the modernization of market supervision by focusing on the integration of "big market, big quality and big supervision".
Standing at a new starting point, China is moving towards the goal of accelerating the improvement of a modern market supervision system that is compatible with the construction of a unified domestic market and a new development pattern.
Reshaping the market order to stimulate market vitality
"Portable", 24-hour licenses "never leave the body", "free application and enjoy", "recognize and enjoy"... In the past ten years, around the difficulties and pain points of people's business and entrepreneurship, my country has promoted a fundamental change in the market access system.
At present, the average establishment time of Chinese enterprises has been reduced to less than 4 working days.
"Certificate-free office", "license first and then license", "three certificates in one", "five certificates in one", "multiple certificates in one"... Promote "simplification of administration" by "reducing certificates" and reduce the institutionalization of enterprises entering the market Transaction costs have created a favorable environment for the vigorous development of market entities.
Simultaneous with the "simplification of administration and delegation of powers" is the "combination of decentralization and management".
In recent years, my country has shifted the focus of government supervision from pre-approval to strengthening market supervision, ensuring quality and safety, and creating a market environment for fair competition, so as to truly realize "ease of entry and strict control".
Innovative ideas and methods, and supervision in practice.
In July 2021, the country will deepen the reform of "separation of licenses and licenses" in an orderly manner.
This comprehensive reform to promote the modernization of government governance capabilities has further clarified the responsibilities of supervision, and in accordance with the principle of "whoever approves, whoever supervises, whoever is in charge, whoever supervises", will earnestly perform supervision duties and prevent problems such as a supervision vacuum.
Through the innovation of regulatory concepts and methods, more administrative resources will be transferred from pre-approval to strengthening in-process and post-event supervision, ensuring that in-process and post-event supervision can keep up and catch up, and achieve a balance between optimizing the business environment and maintaining market order. dynamic equilibrium.
The implementation of the annual inspection and revision of the annual report, the "double random, one public" supervision method, innovated the market supervision mechanism, and comprehensively built and widely used the national enterprise credit information publicity system, which has become an indispensable "one piece" for enterprises, society and government departments. network".
Today, the power of the list of abnormal business operations and the list of the untrustworthy with serious violations of law is increasingly manifested, and the effect of joint punishment for the untrustworthy is more obvious.
A new regulatory mechanism with "double random, one public" supervision as the basic means, supplemented by key supervision, and based on credit supervision has been basically formed, creating a new situation in market supervision work.
As an important platform for "double random, one public" supervision, the national enterprise credit information publicity system has realized "one network collection, three-party service" - a collection of national enterprise registration information, administrative approval information, enterprises received by various Penalty information.
This enterprise "Honor Roll" effectively promotes enterprise governance according to law, realizes joint punishment, and promotes social governance.
Reshape the authority and responsibility institutions and improve the supervision efficiency.
Reliable consumption environment, superior business environment, food and drug safety, fair market competition... These hot issues in the daily life of ordinary people require unified supervision by a unified institutional department.
In April 2018, the newly established State Administration for Market Regulation was established, and the pattern of big market and big supervision was formed.
The original functions of industry and commerce, quality inspection, food and drug administration, trademark and patent, price enforcement, and anti-monopoly have been merged to reduce overlapping of responsibilities and improve supervision efficiency.
Anything that can be managed by the big market supervision and needs to be checked by the enterprise on a daily basis is all classified into a list.
From institutional integration to system integration, the reform of market supervision institutions not only realizes the integration of multiple bureaus and functions, but also the integration of multiple responsibilities, forming a large-scale supervision covering the whole process of production, circulation, and consumption, all fields and all directions. "One team manages the market" has opened a new era of market supervision.
Focusing on key commodities, key areas and key industries that are related to the life, health and safety of the people, the State Administration for Market Regulation organized three places to jointly investigate the "slimming cable" case, the five places cooperated with the General Administration to investigate and deal with a series of edible oil adulteration cases, and three-level joint investigations in Henan The counterfeit and shoddy cement case... In view of the characteristics of major cases such as long chain, wide-ranging involvement, and complex and concealed illegal acts, the market supervision department has made use of the advantages of five-level penetration, resonating at the same frequency from top to bottom, and condensed the synergy of the departments.
The integration of scientific and standardized teams has effectively improved the market supervision departments to increase law enforcement, strengthen food safety supervision, quality and safety supervision, consumer rights protection and other work, and at the same time improve comprehensive governance capabilities, scientific and standardized law enforcement capabilities and Organizational support capabilities have laid a solid foundation.
Give full play to the effectiveness of supervision and cultivate good market conditions.
Optimizing the business environment is the top priority of market supervision.
Whether the business environment is optimized is an important dimension for evaluating the effectiveness of market supervision, and puts forward higher requirements for "big supervision".
In recent years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to the development and expansion of various market entities, especially as my country's economic development is currently facing triple pressures of shrinking demand, supply shocks, and weakening expectations. It is particularly important to protect market entities and stabilize employment.
Statistics show that the daily average of newly established enterprises nationwide has continued to increase from 6,900 before the reform of the commercial system in 2013 to 24,800 in 2021.
In recent years, the activity of Chinese market players has generally stabilized at around 70%, with an average annual net growth of more than 10 million households.
Although the new crown pneumonia epidemic is still ongoing globally, benefiting from the effective implementation of the "six stability" and "six guarantees" policies and the continuous optimization of the business environment, various market players in my country will maintain a stable growth trend in 2021, and the number of market players will jump historically. 150 million households, of which the number of enterprises has reached 48 million, which has become an important foundation for supporting the long-term improvement of my country's economy.
Since March this year, the "Regulations on the Administration of Registration of Market Entities" has been officially implemented, which has released positive policy signals in order to further stabilize the development of market entities and optimize the business environment.
In the first month of the implementation of the regulations, a "transcript" of steady growth was ushered in. In March, 2.95 million new market entities were established nationwide, a year-on-year increase of 19.3%, of which 835,000 were enterprises, a year-on-year increase of 8.9%, and individual industrial and commercial households were 2.103 million, a year-on-year increase of 8.9%. An increase of 24.2%.
Support industrial upgrading and enrich high-quality connotation
High-quality development is the theme of my country's economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan and beyond.
Raising the level of technological innovation in market regulation will help strengthen the supporting role of quality infrastructure in industrial upgrading and economic development, lead high-quality development with high standards, improve the quality of products and services, and achieve greater demand-driven supply and supply-created demand. Dynamic balance of high-level economic development.
In the past ten years, my country has firmly established the awareness of quality first, unswervingly built a country with strong quality, improved the level of quality supply, stimulated the vitality of quality innovation, established and improved the quality work responsibility system, improved the quality assessment and incentive mechanism, and gradually built a local government responsibility system. The responsibility system in which the general responsibility and the supervision departments are responsible, and the enterprise is the first responsible person, has stepped out of the road of quality development with Chinese characteristics, which has strongly supported the accelerated development of the economy and society towards high-quality development.
The management system supports and promotes industrial upgrading.
my country adheres to the principle of "quality first", and focuses on promoting quality breakthroughs as the key to China's industry from large to strong, and guides the industry to truly shift the foothold of transformation and upgrading to improving quality and efficiency.
my country has established and implemented the China Quality Award system, continuously promoted scientific quality management systems, models and methods, promoted quality management innovation, and encouraged and guided enterprises and organizations to continuously improve quality.
In particular, it focuses on helping small and micro enterprises to establish a quality management system that meets the development of the industry and their own needs, and comprehensively improves the quality management capabilities of small and micro enterprises.
Since October 2020, the State Administration for Market Regulation has extensively carried out the "Small and Micro Enterprise Quality Management System Certification Improvement Action" across the country. A total of 265 incentive policies have been issued in various regions, and a total of 374,000 free trainings have been provided for more than 90,000 companies, and 127 companies have been certified. The institution provided targeted assistance to 5,639 small and micro enterprises in 36 industries.
95.88% of enterprises reported that quality awareness, management level and business performance have improved significantly.
In the following year, my country has provided free training for 145,000 quality management personnel of 42,000 enterprises through the certification of the quality management system of small and micro enterprises to improve the action service platform, and sorted out 30 "quality" characteristics of small and micro enterprises in 10 industries. Pain points”, formulate the implementation guidelines for small and micro enterprises to establish ISO9001 quality management system, and implement targeted assistance to 1,118 enterprises in 30 industries in 17 provinces across the country.
In response to the weak basic quality capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises and the blocking points and pain points that need to be improved, my country has implemented in-depth "one-stop" services for quality infrastructure, and comprehensively used quality technical means of measurement, standards, certification and accreditation, inspection and testing to carry out quality diagnosis, inspection and testing. "Drip irrigation" services such as quality research support and lead small and medium-sized enterprises to improve quality and efficiency.
Some local market supervision departments have helped a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises to lower the technical access threshold, improve the quality of products and services, and enhance the brand effect, which is becoming a strong support for the development of small, medium and micro enterprises and private enterprises.
In 2021, explore and promote the connection and interaction between product quality and safety supervision and quality technical assistance, carry out product quality and technical assistance "travel consultation" activities, and provide quality and technical assistance to more than 2,900 industrial clusters and more than 60,000 enterprises , to help enterprises increase the industrial output value of more than 6.27 billion yuan.
Industrial quality supervision, towards a manufacturing power.
As a "quality radar" in market supervision, the product quality pass rate index helps to identify problematic products and improve supervision efficiency.
Since 2014, my country has begun to publish the results of the index calculation of the quality pass rate of manufacturing products.
Industrial product quality supervision and spot checks, risk monitoring, quality and safety traceability, special rectification, recall of defective products, product quality assurance, mandatory reporting and investigation and handling of product quality and safety incidents, and notarial inspection, supervision, and spot checks of cotton and other fibers have become increasingly sound.
Continue to strengthen the quality and safety supervision of cotton management links, and promote the substantial improvement of Xinjiang cotton quality in 2021.
In 2018, the "2017 National Economic and Social Development Statistical Bulletin" issued by the National Bureau of Statistics for the first time included "manufacturing product quality qualification rate" as an indicator of "development quality and benefit improvement", realizing that the macro quality level evaluation index was listed in the Statistical Bulletin. Zero breakthrough.
By the end of 2021, the qualified rate of product quality in my country's manufacturing industry has reached more than 93% for five consecutive years, and the unqualified rate of national supervision and random inspection of product quality has been controlled below 12.2% for five consecutive years, which is the best level in history.
The quality and reliability of major equipment such as aerospace and rail transit have reached or approached the international advanced level.
The data shows that in the past five years, my country has comprehensively and strictly supervised the quality and safety of 18,600 industrial products in 26 categories, and the state has supervised and inspected 120,062 batches of products produced and operated by 112,279 enterprises.
Compulsory product certification has been implemented for 103 products in 17 categories, and the average pass rate is stable at over 90%.
Scientific and technological innovation supervision, the whole process to protect people's livelihood.
A few days ago, the State Administration for Market Regulation issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Market Supervision Technology", proposing to strengthen the concept of "big market, big quality, big supervision", and to improve and perfect the market supervision technology innovation system that connects with the national science and technology innovation system.
In the next step, the market supervision system will focus on the safety supervision needs of key areas such as food and drugs, special equipment, and industrial product quality, strengthen new technology research and development, new product development, new model creation, and innovate and enrich and comprehensively use supervision tools.
Promote the research on the discovery, screening and detection technology of unknown harmful substances, authenticity identification and traceability technology, and key technologies for food safety supervision of special foods and new technologies, etc. .
Realize a breakthrough in food safety from "post-event supervision" to "pre-event prevention", and provide technical support to ensure the "safety on the tip of the tongue" of the people.
Adhere to strict words at the head to ensure people's peace of mind
In April of this year, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further Unleashing Consumption Potential and Promoting the Sustained Recovery of Consumption", proposing to continue to deepen reforms and strive to create a safe, secure, and honest consumption environment.
Break down barriers that restrict consumption, improve the consumption standard system, strengthen law enforcement and supervision in the consumption field, and comprehensively strengthen the protection of consumer rights and interests.
Improving the consumption environment and protecting the rights and interests of consumers is an important support for promoting healthy economic development.
my country's "14th Five-Year Plan" and the outline of the long-term goals for 2035 clearly put forward the in-depth implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand, comprehensively promoting consumption, and strengthening the protection of consumers' rights and interests.
The market supervision department is the defender of fair competition in the market, the guardian of the safety bottom line, and the protector of consumer rights and interests.
In recent years, in light of new consumption fields, consumption patterns, consumption hotspots, and prominent problems that have been strongly reflected by the people, my country has continued to unblock the channels for consumers' rights protection appeals and build a safe and comfortable consumption environment.
Punishing violations with heavy punches, and market supervision has "long teeth".
In the past ten years, the market supervision department has carried out daily supervision and law enforcement and special actions to rectify illegal activities in the fields of online transactions, standard contracts, food and drugs, strengthened food and drug, special equipment safety supervision and defective product recall supervision, intensified the handling of consumer complaints, and investigated and dealt with. Accepted a large number of consumer infringement and rights protection cases.
Beijing investigates the case of counterfeit Quanjude roast duck, Xinjiang Hami investigates the case of counterfeit liquor, Jiangsu Wuxi investigates the case of uninspected and quarantined frozen products, Hunan Zhuzhou investigates the case of cross-provincial production and sale of toxic and harmful food, Jiangxi Zhangshu investigates the "clenbuterol" beef case... With the "small incision" close to the "big people's livelihood", the investigation and punishment of the case will make the violators pay a heavy price, and the "teeth" of market supervision will be harder and more powerful.
From 2013 to 2020, market supervision departments investigated and dealt with more than 1.68 million cases of food safety violations, and people's courts at all levels concluded nearly 70,000 cases of crimes endangering food and drug safety.
In 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Deepening Reform and Strengthening Food Safety Work".
Since then, the whole-process food safety supervision system from farmland to dining table has been gradually established, and the target of 4 batches/1,000 people has been achieved in food sampling inspection, major food safety risks have been controlled, and the food safety situation has continued to improve.
Adhering to the bottom line of safety must be strictly worded, problem-oriented and precise.
In 2018, the Changchun Changsheng vaccine incident caused a strong reaction from the society. The Party Central Committee and the State Council paid great attention to it and promptly deployed severe investigations.
The investigation and handling of this incident led to the improvement of the reform of the vaccine management system and the introduction of the Vaccine Management Law.
Focusing on the areas of "popular opinion, the greatest harm, and the greatest market supervision risk and pressure", since 2021, the market supervision department has carried out an "iron fist" action to investigate and handle cases in the field of people's livelihood, and the troubles and troubles of some consumers have been resolved. Prominent problems in the industry are being gradually curbed.
Mechanism to safeguard rights and protect consumers' "right to regret".
The establishment of a consumer rights protection mechanism is an effective means to promote consumption and a powerful weapon to promote steady economic growth.
In recent years, local market supervision departments have successively launched innovative measures such as "compensation in advance, remote returns, integration of manufacturers, and financial assistance", which are deployed across the country in 26 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities; 560,000 brick-and-mortar stores in 309 cities participate in offline shopping for no reason to return It promised to return more than 28.22 million pieces, with a refund amount of 3.4 billion yuan.
Encourage and guide 33,000 large-scale retailers, 21,000 brand chain enterprises, 7,840 industry leading enterprises, and 1,119 physical stores in scenic spots to voluntarily commit to "offline seven-day no-reason return", urge merchants to operate with integrity, improve product quality, and allow Consumers exercise the "right to regret" offline shopping, which reduces the occurrence of disputes to a certain extent, and better solves the problems that consumers are difficult and slow in safeguarding their rights.
With the gradual expansion of consumption scale and the vigorous development of new consumption patterns such as e-commerce, online transaction consumer rights protection has become a key area of consumer protection work.
From 2013 to 2020, the number of online shopping complaints received by market regulators increased by about 25 times.
The State Administration for Market Regulation has carried out special governance work such as the "Net Sword Action" for many years, strengthened the implementation of platform responsibilities, and rectified counterfeit and shoddy products, fraudulent purchases, price traps, forced tie-in sales, and "big data killing" in the field of online transactions. The behavior of rights and interests has promoted the sustainable and healthy development of online transactions.
Optimize the environment and create a new pattern of co-governance.
The market supervision department regards the creation of assured consumption as an important starting point for the continuous improvement of the consumption environment, gives play to the role of the cooperation mechanism of consumer rights protection departments at all levels, and promotes the gradual construction of a consumption environment that integrates corporate responsibility, industry self-discipline, social supervision, and departmental collaboration. A new pattern of governance.
At present, the construction of the online consumer dispute resolution (ODR) mechanism is progressing in an orderly manner. 87,000 key enterprises have settled on the 12315 platform nationwide. The ODR enterprise city coverage rate has reached 94.1%, and 1.58 million consumer disputes have been directly resolved, promoting 10.2% of the Consumer disputes are resolved at the source, and the burden on the grassroots is effectively reduced.
Compared with the traditional method, the processing time of the ODR mechanism is shortened by 7 days, and the reconciliation success rate is 16 percentage points higher.
The market supervision department further integrated and optimized the 12315 work system, smoothed the channels for consumer complaints and reports, and significantly improved the effectiveness of consumer rights protection.
In 2021, through the national 12315 platform and other channels, a total of 23.812 million consumer complaints, reports and consultations will be accepted, saving consumers 5.55 billion yuan in economic losses.
On January 1, 2022, the national 12315 mobile work platform was officially launched, providing an efficient and safe mobile office platform for the five levels of the state, province, city, county, and institute, realizing the extension of 12315 processing to the mobile terminal, and effectively improving the work efficiency of 12315 , to better serve the masses.
Published in the 22nd issue of "Looking", 2022
Video "Pu Chun: The total number of market entities has historically jumped to 150 million households"
Reporter丨Lu Jia
Editor丨Liu Siyuan
Produced by the Audio and Video Department of Xinhua News Agency