In recent years, various localities have increased the protection and development of red resources by collating party history and military history, and have achieved positive results.
However, there are still a number of red resources facing preservation risks: some red ruins are not protected; some unknown martyrs’ cemeteries have been destroyed; red historical research is insufficient, and the lives of heroes and deeds are insufficiently announced, and they are gradually obscured...
1 Red ruins are at risk of disappearing
In May 1936, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China deployed the West Expedition. The main battlefield is now in Tongxin County, Ningxia. The headquarter of the Red Army in the West Expedition is also located in Tongxin County.
The Banyuetan reporter recently visited Tongxin County, the base camp of the Red Army’s West Expedition, and learned that there are still many historical relics of the Red Army’s West Expedition, such as battle sites, the site of the Red Army command post, and famous historical scenes in Tongxin County.
During the Western Expedition, after the Red Fifteenth Army captured the city of Xia Maguan, the commander Xu Haidong set up the headquarters on the arrow tower of the south gate of Xia Maguan.
The reporter from Banyue Tan came to Xia Maguan Town, Tongxin County and climbed up the ancient city wall of Xia Maguan to see that the arrow tower no longer exists.
In the Western Sichuan Plateau, the protection of some of the Red Army’s Long March and the Red Ruins where the Eighteenth Army entered Tibet is also lagging behind.
In Songpan County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, the Shawo Conference Site is now the teaching site of the Sichuan Long March Cadre College and a national key cultural relics protection unit.
In the earth-wood building where the Shawo meeting was held, the floor slabs and earthen walls have been dilapidated.
The local grass-roots officials said that they are also carrying out regular maintenance of the site, but because the site is protected as it is, it will inevitably be eroded over time.
In Joergai County, Aba Prefecture, the site of the Brazilian Conference, which witnessed the party’s key decision, left several walls. The walls were covered with weeds and cracks.
The stone tablet in front of the wall is engraved with the words "National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit".
In Dawei Town, Xiaojin County, the former Dawei Meeting Bridge witnessed the victory of the First Red Army and the Fourth Red Army.
Earlier, the "Dangerous Bridge" sign was erected at the head of the bridge.
Several logs are laid on top of some planks to form the bridge body of the Dawei Huishi Bridge, and the side of the bridge is fenced with barbed wire.
In the rainy season of the summer of 2020, the bridge has been washed away by floods.
The cave dwellings of the Eighteenth Army in Ganzi County are the only large-scale concentrated site left by the Eighteenth Army's entry into Tibet.
The Eighteenth Army Cave Dwelling Group was built in 1951 and is located in Buronglang Mountain, 4 kilometers away from the county seat.
The red ruins were affected by wind, rain, and rodent damage, and the damage was serious and still increasing.
At present, there are more than 1,000 holes in the cave dwellings, and only six to seven hundred holes are intact.
It is understood that in the face of large funding gaps and lack of professional repair personnel, after multiple appeals, Ganzi County has so far obtained more than 40 million yuan in state subsidies. Together with local self-raised funds, Ganzi County has a total project investment of more than 50 million yuan. The tourism infrastructure construction project of Siro Township has entered the early stage of planning and design, and rescue protection will be carried out on the cave dwellings of the Eighteenth Army.
Located in the old revolutionary base of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang City in Hubei is the cradle and center of the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Revolutionary Bases, with a large number of red cultural relics.
However, the Banyuetan reporter learned from the local authorities that among the cultural relics found in the census in the 1980s, 26 red ruins have disappeared.
The former site of the Qiliping Revolution in Hong'an, Hubei Province is the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units announced by the State Council in 1988. It is composed of 37 cultural relics including the former site of the Soviet government in the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Special Economic Zones and the former site of the Kuomintang-Communist Cooperation Negotiation Office. They are distributed in Qiliping, Hong'an County. Town, Shangxin Market Town.
In early May 2016, Hubei Hong'an Changjiang Rural Bank Co., Ltd. planned to set up business outlets and convenience service centers in Qiliping Town, Hong'an. The Party Committee and Government of Qiliping Town and the Hong'an County Cultural Relics Bureau violated the provisions of the Cultural Relics Protection Law without approval. The old site of the Kuomintang-Communist Cooperation Negotiation Office was completely demolished, and only some of the building components were retained. Later, the "Qliping Town Convenience Service Center" was illegally built on the original site.
After receiving reports from the masses, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage quickly dispatched an inspection team to investigate and deal with it in accordance with the law.
2 The cemetery of the unknown soldier is rarely known, and there is insufficient research on the life information of the martyrs
There is a cemetery for unknown soldiers in Wenzhuang Village, Cao County, Shandong Province. For decades, this cemetery has been guarded and maintained by villagers.
During the Qingming Festival every year, the villagers will spontaneously add graves and make sacrifices to the martyrs.
Many years ago, the local government and villagers carried out preliminary repairs to the cemetery, built walls, iron gates, and planted cypress trees.
Entering the cemetery, dozens of earthen tombs are neatly arranged, but there are no tombstones or memorial halls. The tombs are covered with grass. 87 martyrs are sleeping here.
According to villagers, in November 1947, a fierce Longhai Railway blockade took place at the Limenlou Railway Station in Shangqiu City, Henan Province, adjacent to Caoxian County. The soldiers of the People’s Liberation Army who died of serious injuries were buried in Wenzhuang Village. There is a tile on the side, and cinnabar is used to record the identity of the martyrs.
In 2015, the stone monument of "County-level Cultural Relics Protection Unit" was erected in front of the Unknown Martyrs Cemetery in Wenzhuang Village, Cao County.
However, due to the lack of historical materials, the stele only introduces the general background, and there is no related historical facts, exhibitions and textual information of martyrs in the park.
The Banyuetan reporter learned that the infrastructure of this cemetery has not been perfected all the year round, and it almost depends on the villagers' spontaneous maintenance.
In order to improve the infrastructure construction of the cemetery and use the cinnabar information on the tiles to approve the identity of martyrs, the villagers once petitioned.
However, the local area has not yet taken measures such as repairing and perfecting historical data.
The identity information of the martyrs could not be verified for a long time, making it difficult for the descendants of the martyrs to find their relatives.
In April 2020, the Bureau of Veterans Affairs of Gaotang County, Liaocheng City sent a letter requesting cooperation in searching for the martyr Han Shuangyu. His grandson Han Ziquan had a strong desire to find relatives due to physical reasons, and he called for consultation regularly.
In July 2020, the Veterans Affairs Bureau of Yulin County, Shaanxi Province sent a letter requesting cooperation in the search for the martyr Wu Xiaoheng. His nephew Wu Gangshan and his entrusted his 94-year-old brother came to Wenzhuang. During the visit, it was found that Wu Xiaoheng’s sacrifice information was highly similar to the description of the martyr’s former comrades. Because it is impossible to determine the specific location of the martyrs, they can only worship outside the cemetery... The villagers worry that over time, the old people in the village who have memories of this period of history will slowly pass away, and the identity information of the martyrs has not been accurately verified. , And finally become a regret that cannot be solved.
Insufficient awareness of protection is also reflected in the in-depth study of historical materials on martyrs and insufficient publicity.
Although some martyrs have been recorded in the annals of history, the relevant local departments did not know their existence, and the publicity and promotion of their spirit was still not enough, and even the villagers did not hear the name of the hero.
In addition, the research on historical materials of martyrs is not rigorous enough in some areas.
The reporter of Ban Yue Tan found that the martyrs cemetery in a certain county in the central part of the country once mistyped the names and time of sacrifice of the two revolutionary martyrs, which triggered a strong reaction from netizens. The civil affairs department of the county subsequently responded to the incident and arranged to re-engrave the monument.
The relevant person in charge of the county's cultural relics bureau said that the local area is an old revolutionary area with more than 20,000 registered revolutionary martyrs. It was also a key poverty-stricken county in the country, and there is great pressure on funds for the protection of red cultural relics.
In some places, there are still cases of battle history that need to be carefully verified.
In February 1939, the 386th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army killed more than 120 people in the interception of the Japanese in Nanzhangge Village (then called Yanzhangge), Fengjiazhai Town, Guangzong County, Hebei Province.
Because the conditions were not available at the time, the sacrificed soldiers have been buried in the sand hills in the southeast of the village.
In 2010, the villagers reburied the martyrs after discovering their remains.
The Banyue Tan reporter saw the Yanzhangge Battle Monument standing high on the road near the southwest of Nanzhangge Village, Fengjiazhai Town, Guangzong County, Hebei Province, and a tombstone of Yanzhangge battle martyrs from the 386th Brigade Supplementary Regiment of the Eighth Route Army. There are 5 tombs next to each other.
This martyrs cemetery was donated by Yan Fengqi, a villager in Nanzhangge Village.
According to Yan Fengqi, related memorial facilities were also constructed in Mafangying Village, Beitangtuan Town, Guangzong County, "the empty tombs of martyrs were buried, and the Mafangying battle monument was erected."
Moreover, the description of the "stable camp battle" is highly similar to the description of the Yanzhangge battle. In this way, two cemeteries appeared in a battle, which caused the masses to question-which one is true?
"The construction of some martyrs' cemeteries and monuments is suspected of obtaining state funds, and the relevant government departments are unwilling to track down the relevant situation." The grassroots cadres suggested that the relevant government departments should strengthen the research on combat locations, troop numbers, martyrs burial places and other information to avoid occurrences. The case of fraud.
3 The educational value of the red resources around the masses should not be underestimated
Excavating the red story, collecting and finishing the life stories of the martyrs in multiple ways, so that the spirit of the martyrs can be passed on, which is conducive to the role of red education.
The reporter visited by Ban Yue Tan found that every year during the Ching Ming Festival, a large number of people and students spontaneously come to worship and remember the martyrs in Wenzhuang Village, Cao County, the Unknown Martyrs Cemetery. The township government also organizes students and the masses to add graves to the martyrs.
Although the function of red education is limited due to the lack of exhibition information and the small space, the villagers report that such small education bases exist around the common people, and they have a good educational incentive effect for the party members and cadres at the grassroots level and the masses of students. The effectiveness cannot be underestimated.
The grassroots cadres believe that although the well-developed education bases such as Jinggangshan and Yan'an are well-known and have good educational effects, not all grassroots party members and cadres have the opportunity to exercise and study.
The value of small red education bases should be paid more attention to.
The grass-roots cadres and the masses believe that in response to the weak awareness of red cultural heritage protection, serious damage, shortage of protection funds, and lagging publicity and promotion, all localities should strive to raise funds, gather talents, and develop and protect small-scale red resources with distinctive regional characteristics. , Make good use of it to meet the educational needs of a larger-scale grassroots party members, cadres, and students.
Interviewed experts and grassroots cadres suggested that, taking the centenary of the founding of the party as an opportunity, special funds should be allocated from the central level for special purposes, and multi-departmental coordination to promote the identification, research and protection of red resources, and implement rescue protection for some long-term disrepair and severely damaged sites .
During the interview, some grass-roots cultural relics protection departments and the heads of the party history department believed that because some red relics existed for an earlier time, there are indeed difficulties in protection.
"From the perspective of cultural relics protection, the protection of the original appearance can best reflect the value of cultural relics, but the red relics will eventually be damaged or even die out over time." said Che Huaqiang, director of the History Office of Songpan County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The protection of red culture should be based on , The protection of the red relics is as old as the old, so that it can not only protect the red relics to the maximum extent, but also make full use of their spiritual connotation to play the role of patriotic education.
The person in charge of the Veterans Affairs Bureau in some places believes that it is indeed necessary to reform and maintain the tombs of scattered martyrs and the memorial facilities for scattered martyrs. Relevant departments should plan as early as possible for the protection of the tombs of martyrs who have lost their relatives, and formulate memorial facilities for martyrs as soon as possible. Protection regulations include policies in terms of establishment, personnel, funding, and law enforcement management to protect scattered martyrs' memorial facilities.
At the same time, intensify policy efforts, praise and care for the martyrs' survivors in many ways, collect and organize the lives of martyrs through multiple channels, so that the red spirit can be passed on.
Source: "Ban Yue Tan" Issue 7, 2021
Half a month to talk about reporters: Zhou Xiangji, Kang Jinqian, Li Wei, Yan Xiangling, Zhang Liang, Ma Lijuan, Wang Kun