Vocational Education Vision
Graduation Season for First Vocational Undergraduates
On June 10, standing at the graduation ceremony of Nanjing University of Technology's 2022 undergraduates, for the prospective graduate student Wu Tao, another possibility has been added to his life.
There are 903 vocational graduates who started a new life with Wu Tao.
Due to the isolation of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, Chen Ziji, director of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education, was unable to come to the scene, but provided a video speech of the graduation ceremony.
He said: "Nanjing Industrial Vocational and Technical University is the first public vocational undergraduate school in my country's history, and the students here are the first graduates of vocational education in my country."
"After so many years of exploration, innovation and breakthrough development in vocational undergraduate education in my country, the first class of graduates has finally graduated." Chen Ziji said that today's graduation ceremony "will definitely leave a deep impression on the history of vocational education in our country."
In December 2019, the former Nanjing Industrial Vocational and Technical College was approved by the Ministry of Education to become a vocational undergraduate school; in 2020, the school began to recruit students, and as of 2022, a total of 23 undergraduate majors have been opened.
After two years of "promotion from college to university", in July this year, 903 vocational undergraduate graduates received the first batch of vocational undergraduate diplomas and degree certificates.
These graduates went to state-owned enterprises, central enterprises and institutions, and became mechanical technology R&D engineers, electrical engineers, and automation integrated vision engineers. Some of them were admitted to postgraduate studies for further study, and some were admitted to civil servants... They witnessed the profession The first graduation season of an undergraduate degree.
A "special transfer" exam
Chen Anli, who is studying higher vocational education in Suzhou Vocational University, searches the Internet for the introduction of college promotion and adult correspondence courses, and plans a way out for herself before studying.
In 2019, she saw the introduction of vocational undergraduates on the news and knew that the country attaches great importance to vocational undergraduate education.
With the mentality of giving it a try, Chen Anli applied for the Nanjing Polytechnic University.
Enrolling in 2020, she became a student in Class 2036 of Electronic Information Engineering in the School of Aeronautical Engineering.
The strong desire to learn upward is the biggest consensus among students in this vocational undergraduate college.
From Monday to Friday, the courses were fully arranged, and Chen Anli listed the key points in the book in the form of a frame diagram.
When it came to exam week, she made a review plan for herself, which are the key points of the course to understand today, and which are the important test points in the syllabus.
"If you don't want to go to the factory to screw the screws, then you must seize the opportunity to study hard."
This year, 903 people became the school's first batch of vocational undergraduate graduates.
They chose to study in 5 majors, including mechatronics engineering, automation technology and application, electronic information engineering, software engineering, and international economics and trade. Vocational undergraduate.
Behind the opportunities for upward mobility are years of difficult exploration of vocational undergraduates.
In 2014, the State Council issued the "Decision on Accelerating the Development of Modern Vocational Education", which for the first time proposed "exploring the development of undergraduate-level vocational education"; Opinions", selected some pilot undergraduate colleges and universities to explore the application-oriented development model, and opened up a new path for the realization of undergraduate vocational education; in 2019, the State Council issued the "National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan" and proposed to "carry out undergraduate-level vocational education pilots".
On May 1 this year, the newly revised "Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China" came into effect, which clarified that higher vocational school education shall be implemented by higher vocational schools and ordinary institutions of higher learning at the junior college, undergraduate and higher education levels.
This means that the "ceiling" of vocational education at the specialist level has been broken, providing a new way out for students' development.
Data show that there are 32 vocational undergraduate schools in my country, with 129,000 students, and 41,000 students will be enrolled in 2021.
In October last year, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Promoting the High-Quality Development of Modern Vocational Education".
Among them, it is clearly stated that in 2025, "the enrollment scale of vocational undergraduate education shall not be lower than 10% of the enrollment scale of higher vocational education".
"Vocational undergraduate education is not a replica of ordinary undergraduate education, nor is it an extended version of higher vocational colleges. The influence of vocational undergraduate education is constantly expanding." said Wu Xuemin, secretary of the Party Committee of Nanjing Polytechnic University.
Vocational undergraduate is a new thing
In Nanjing Industrial Vocational and Technical University, the first public vocational undergraduate school approved as a bachelor's degree-granting unit, you can often see the library full of students studying.
In a dormitory, someone would turn on the lights until after two o'clock in the morning.
A classmate told a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily that he saw an "inner volume" in this vocational undergraduate school.
Chen Anli often feels uneasy, "You will feel that everyone else goes to the library to study, and you won't be able to catch up if you don't go."
This group of vocational undergraduate students has a clearer plan for future development.
For Wang Xinlong, a post-00s student, he clearly knows that only by improving his knowledge and skills can he take on more challenging jobs in the enterprise.
In 2019, the post-00 guy went to work in a chip manufacturing company.
He was faced with an assembly line operation that "doesn't require thinking". He stared at the computer every day to see if the machine's temperature, humidity, pressure and other operating data were within the normal range. The extra work was to clean and repair the machine.
And separated by a wall, another group of employees in the same company, they are responsible for the research and development of chips.
Wang Xinlong was envious in his heart.
Suffering from the low skill level, he started to work hard after he enrolled.
In the past, Wang Xinlong had never been exposed to mechanical principles. In the classroom, the teacher assigned an assignment that required everyone to build a reducer.
He took the book to dig out the details a little, how big the gear size needs to be, and whether the coefficients were within the standard range.
"It is no longer a simple job in the assembly line, and the course has higher requirements for knowledge and ability literacy." After the course is completed, he can use programming software to simulate and complete the production of products.
Wang Xinlong, a student of Class 2028 majoring in mechanical and electronic engineering technology, clearly felt the changes brought about by the school's "integration of production and education".
This post-00 student saw the robotic arm used by the company for the first time in the training class.
Standing on the training bench, he carefully held the manual and pressed key buttons on the computer.
The robotic arm is instructed by the "machine brain" to accurately control the position of the screw in the device and complete the job.
When he shared the content of the course training with the interviewer, he thought he had screwed up this application.
But I didn't expect the interviewer to be very interested, and the two chatted for more than 20 minutes.
A week later, he received an offer letter from the company.
What should vocational undergraduate students learn after admission?
In the words of Wu Xuemin, "the promotion should not forget the 'root', the promotion will not change the 'quality', and the direction of vocational education will not be shaken." The focus is on the formulation of the talent plan.
Nanjing Industrial Vocational and Technical University, which is built around equipment manufacturing services, has built a professional structure with general equipment technology, special equipment technology, and industrial Internet technology as the backbone, and manufacturing equipment design, management services, and trade circulation as the support.
Of course, in teaching, there are also new requirements for teachers.
Newly recruited doctoral students must first become "industry people".
In the first half year of entering the school, doctoral students need to exercise in the production line of the enterprise. After half a year, the old professor will teach the training wisdom of vocational education, and grow into a "double-qualified" teacher.
Vocational undergraduate is a new thing.
"Schools should explore what a vocational education undergraduate program is, how to build it, and how to cultivate talents. The school's teaching team conducts research, exploration, and practice step by step." Wu Xuemin said, but exploration is always inseparable from the core of vocational education: Industry-education integration and school-enterprise cooperation.
An opportunity to "compete on the same stage"
Wu Tao's study has entered a more "crazy" mode since he was eligible to enter a vocational undergraduate degree.
With a stubborn stubbornness of "my life is up to me" and holding piles of books, he took two classmates to transfer to a "one" institution for postgraduate exam preparation during the summer vacation last year.
The hardest part is psychological warfare.
In the past, he always felt that he was a junior college student and had a poor learning foundation. He studied hard during the postgraduate exam preparation.
Sometimes he couldn't eat until he had a meal, and he always wanted to vomit. He was afraid of delaying things, so he went to the hospital to check the gastroscope and B-ultrasound. The doctor told him that his body was normal.
"I didn't know what the meaning of learning was before, but now I know." Wu Tao wanted to seize the "opportunity to break the ceiling".
In the study room, go to occupy a seat on time at 7:00 in the morning and go home at 11:00 in the evening. If a friend who is preparing for the exam wants to go out to eat, he and another person will hold him tightly and pull him back to the study room.
A new outlet will be launched here. In May 2022, he was admitted to Nanjing University of Technology, majoring in civil engineering and water conservancy, as a prospective graduate student.
He also wanted to jump up again, "beat the doctor again".
Undoubtedly, Wu Tao is struggling all the way.
The trajectory of his life coincides with the reform of vocational education.
Previously, the Office of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Doing a Good Job in the Authorization and Granting of Bachelor Degrees in Vocational Schools at the Undergraduate Level".
It is clearly pointed out that both general undergraduate and vocational undergraduates are authorized, awarded, managed and supervised in accordance with the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Degrees", "Interim Implementation Measures for the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Degrees", and "Administrative Measures for the Authorization and Granting of Bachelor's Degrees"; In terms of certificate utility, the two are of equal value, and have the same effect in terms of employment, postgraduate entrance exams, and public exams.
Just after the implementation of the newly revised "Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China", "for the first time, it was clarified in legal form that 'vocational education is an education type that has the same important status as general education', and through the promotion of top-level designs such as general vocational integration, it is truly realized. The transformation of vocational education from 'level' to 'type'," said Chen Ziji, director of the Ministry of Education's Vocational Education and Adult Education Department, at a news conference.
After going out to look for a job, Xu Ziming, a software engineering student at the School of Computer and Software, got the opportunity to "compete on the same stage" with ordinary undergraduates.
Thanks to the artificial intelligence and other courses he studied during his undergraduate course, he handed over a small intelligent question-and-answer robot in his graduation project, which can reply to the relevant information of the automobile industry by voice.
In the training of Beiming Software Co., Ltd., a key software enterprise in the national planning and layout, the 21-day training on big data statement analysis was originally planned. At that time, he was able to write a program for the interviewer and entered the company with the second score in the interview. company and become a big data BI R&D engineer.
He hopes that he can become a high-tech reserve talent in the future and "open up a new world".
At the job fair, the person in charge of ZTE's R&D team saw the projects made by vocational undergraduate students: a meal ordering system developed by students from the School of Computer and Software, and a library lending system.
"This means that if he joins the project team, he will quickly integrate into the work."
The person in charge threw out an olive branch, and the employees who entered the R&D team before were required to have bachelor's degree or above.
The first batch of vocational undergraduate graduates walked out of the campus.
They went to large state-owned enterprises such as China Railway and China National Nuclear Corporation; some stayed in their hometowns and worked in foreign-funded enterprises such as Daikin Suzhou R&D Branch; some chose high-tech enterprises such as Jiangsu Zhanxin Semiconductor... Undergraduate diploma and degree certificate, they have more options for their future.
After the graduation ceremony of the first vocational undergraduate degree, Xu Ziming, a graduate who has joined Beiming Software, always remembers that on that day, they raised their arms and swore to the front: they must have a golden personality, iron discipline, beautiful image, strong skills, creativity. The spirit of the people, who cherishes the greatness of the country, pursues the dream of national rejuvenation.
Every time I think of these words, Xu Ziming always brings tears to his eyes.
China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily trainee reporter Yang Jie reporter Li Chao trainee You Qiang Source: China Youth Daily
July 04, 2022 Edition 08