Facing the Bohai Sea and the heart to the ocean.
On January 17, 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during his inspection at Tianjin Port, "The economy must develop, the country must be strong, and transportation, especially shipping, must first be strengthened. We must aim to build a world-class smart port and a green port. Better serve the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and build the 'Belt and Road'".
This is the general secretary's entrustment to Tianjin Port, and it is also the expectation for China's port industry.
After more than 70 years of development, my country has become a veritable port and shipping power. However, the port and shipping industry is large but not strong, and there are still shortcomings in terms of intelligence and low carbonization.
At present, the entire industry is facing issues such as how to respond to the slowdown in shipping demand under the influence of the epidemic, and how to adjust the content of port transportation services in the context of the shift of global trade focus.
Whoever can take the lead in making up for shortcomings in development and finding a breakthrough path will be able to take the lead in building a maritime power.
When we stepped into Tianjin Port at the bottom of the Nine Rivers, Tianjin Port (Group) Co., Ltd. just handed over the latest report card: in the first five months of this year, the container throughput reached 8.47 million TEUs, a year-on-year increase of 2.2% and a record high.
In 2021, the annual container throughput of Tianjin Port will jump to a new level of 20 million TEUs.
In recent years, with the continuous emergence of hard-core achievements such as the world's first technologically autonomous and controllable "smart zero-carbon" terminal, the world's first port autonomous driving demonstration area, and driverless container trucks, Tianjin Port has used a series of innovative "China The "plan" has attracted the attention of peers, changed the traditional impression of "low technology, high energy consumption, dirty and messy" in China's port industry, and also brought new vitality to this century-old wharf.
Innovation: Docks get 'smarter'
On June 7, at the Pacific International Container Terminal in Tianjin Port, the "Gemini" container ship of COSCO Shipping slowly berthed at the East 4th berth.
A row of electric container trucks are precisely aligned under the automated rail bridge according to computer instructions, and "led the way" by the Beidou navigation system, stopping according to the optimal route.
The remote-controlled automated quay crane grabs the container from the truck and stably falls on the freighter. The whole process is completed in one go, and the staff are rarely seen.
Three years ago, it was at this wharf that General Secretary Xi Jinping learned about port operations and the operation of automation equipment in detail.
The general secretary cares so much about automation, not only because it is related to the production efficiency and port efficiency of the terminal, but also because it is closely related to the success or failure of the route operation.
"For a container ocean-going cargo ship of about 200,000 tons, the operating efficiency can reach 170 boxes per hour, with a total throughput of more than 5,000 boxes. This North Europe-Tianjin route has a total of 10 ports, and Tianjin Port ranks first in terms of operating efficiency. If the operation efficiency is not high, the schedule will be delayed, the route may be interrupted or even cancelled." said Yu Cheng, deputy manager of the operation department of Tianjin Port Pacific International Container Terminal Company.
In the past three years, the efficiency of each route of Tianjin Port Group has been steadily improved, and operations have not been interrupted during the epidemic, which reflects the dedication of Tianjin Port Group to the independent innovation of the port industry.
Whether the port is strong or not depends on the container throughput.
Fifty years ago, my country's port industry did not have a dedicated container terminal.
By the 1990s, many ports were still based on an extensive development model based on bulk cargoes such as coal, ore, and crude oil.
In 2001, after my country's accession to the WTO, the domestic container throughput has reached a higher level, and the port operations have greatly increased. Objectively, more efficient technology, stronger equipment and a more intelligent terminal information system are required.
The industry pioneers realized that the development trend of the port is the large-scale, alliance and automation of the terminal, and it is necessary to speed up the technological innovation to avoid being "stuck in the neck".
Greater pressure comes from the contradiction between human supply and demand.
Taking the quay crane driver as an example, the control of each bridge crane is difficult to be completed by only one driver, and at least 2 people are required to operate in turn.
Due to the high workload, the occupational life of this type of work is short, and it takes at least 3 years to develop a mature driver.
This brings greater demand for "robots to replace humans".
It is a worldwide problem for the port industry to upgrade the technology of traditional terminals and realize unmanned automatic operation of the whole process.
There are two ways for Tianjin Port: either to supply “copy jobs” to Europe and the United States, which has the advantage of being quick to get started, but the cost is high. Once overseas manufacturers run out of stock, the consequences will be disastrous; Dock automation upgrade scheme.
According to Chu Bin, Secretary of the Party Committee and Chairman of the Tianjin Port Group, the era of "building a port as long as there is a coastline, and buying a large port as long as you are willing to spend money" has passed.
He believes that "although the port industry can rely on a certain location advantage to survive, in the final analysis it has to rely on independent innovation."
At the beginning of 2019, Tianjin Port Group developed a package of intelligent systems such as site automation, plane transportation automation, quayside crane automation, and unlocking automation on a large scale to promote the "smart" of the "dead-brained" traditional terminals.
The first step of "getting smart" is a breakthrough in the technical layout of the terminal, which is not as simple as version iteration.
At present, the main technical processes of the automated container terminals that have been built in China are derived from foreign countries. They are characterized by: the rail layout of the terminal is vertical to the coastline; external container trucks and internal horizontal transportation equipment do not enter the yard. Loading and unloading operations are carried out at the end of the site, and there are only automated gantry crane operations in the site.
The container terminal developed by Tianjin Port is a brand-new version 2.0: from the perspective of the process layout of the terminal, it is completely close to the artificial container terminal, and the layout of the terminal yard is parallel to the coastline; the external container trucks and internal horizontal transportation equipment all adopt horizontal transportation.
This process is referred to as the "parallel shoreline arrangement + side loading and unloading" arrangement mode.
What is the technology of the 2.0 version of the automated terminal?
According to Yang Rong, Secretary of the Party Branch and General Manager of Tianjin Port No. 2 Container Terminal Company, every time a container is unloaded from the ship to leave the terminal, the traditional automated terminal needs to be hoisted an average of 6 times: hoist the container to the quay crane platform to unlock it, and then remove it from the platform. Hoisted on the automatic guided trolley, the trolley is transported to the end of the yard, and then the rail bridge is hoisted and relayed many times in the yard.
In the automated terminal 2.0, the container can be directly hoisted to the intelligent horizontal transport robot by the quay crane, and the robot and external container trucks can be directly driven into the yard. The yard bridge can be completed with only 2 hoists, and only 3 hoists in total. action.
The progress from "6 to 3" enables smart terminals to ensure efficiency while saving 25% of energy.
Standing at the 6-storey Tianjin Port Container Company's automation control center, Wang Jian, deputy secretary of the company's party committee, pointed to a row of blue quay cranes in the distance and said, "When the company was first established in 1980, the annual container throughput of Tianjin Port was only 16,000. container, which is equivalent to the throughput of the current automated terminal in one day. After the automation upgrade, the overall operation efficiency of the terminal has increased by nearly 20%, the energy consumption of a single container has been reduced by 20%, the labor has been reduced by more than 60%, and the comprehensive operating cost has been reduced by 10%.”
The "smarter" port has greatly reduced the difficulty of operation for yard and quay crane drivers.
The operation department of Tianjin Port No. 2 Container Terminal Co., Ltd. recently established a rare rainbow driver team in the industry. The 11 drivers are all female, with an average age of 34 years old.
"In the past, no matter it was windy or rainy, male drivers had to wear heavy work clothes and climb to the cab of the yard bridge more than 40 meters high to work 24 hours a day. Now, the automated yard bridge realizes remote intelligent control, and female drivers can be like white-collar workers. Sitting in the office area and operating on the computer, the production efficiency has been greatly improved." said Feng Xu, a member of the Rainbow Driver's Class.
The new terminal needs to comprehensively use modern information technologies such as 5G, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things to build an integrated system including intelligent dispatching, intelligent operation, and intelligent transportation.
How to do?
Tianjin Port has also started the construction of a "smart zero-carbon" terminal in Section C of the Beijiang Port Area.
Starting from 2020, Tianjin Port will work with Huawei to jointly develop the horizontal transportation system for the intelligent container terminal in Section C, and cooperate with the team of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering to develop a new generation of intelligent horizontal transportation robots (ART) for automated terminals using Beidou navigation.
"At that time, the office building of the new company had not yet been built, and the young people from the joint research team often spent the night doing demonstrations and tests in the temporary container house. When they were tired, they all slept on the ground." Yang Rong said.
After 21 months of hard work, the research team has successively overcome 13 worldwide technical problems and formed 76 inventions and innovations.
In October 2021, Section C of Beijiang Port Area was officially put into operation.
In the first five months of this year, the monthly throughput of the C-section intelligent container terminal has increased by more than 20%.
Where is this smart dock so powerful?
It is the first terminal in the world to realize the large-scale commercial landing of vehicle-road coordination super L4 level unmanned driving in the port. The automated terminal technology of "yard", and the core key technologies of these applications all have independent intellectual property rights.
From the cost point of view, each traditional automatic bridge crane weighs about 2,500 tons, and the bridge crane in the C section of the northern port area is only about 1,400 tons. There is no need to bury magnetic nails for navigation like traditional automatic docks, and the overall cost of the dock is greatly reduced.
In Tianjin Port, "innovation" has become the common focus of all subsidiaries:
Tianjin Port Yuanhang International Ore Terminal Co., Ltd. has made every effort to tackle new technologies for intelligent transformation of bulk cargo terminals. The first phase of the project is scheduled to be completed by the end of September this year, and the average efficiency of the operation line is expected to increase by more than 10%;
Tianjin Port Pacific International Container Terminal, the second phase of the autonomous driving demonstration area has started operation. At present, the transformation of 6 automated quay cranes and 8 automated yard bridges has been completed, and a digital centralized control center has been built.
Transformation: Docklands become greener
Going all the way along the north branch channel of Tianjin Port, countless colorful quay cranes, shiny photovoltaic panels and snow-white "big windmills" are particularly beautiful against the blue sea and blue sky.
Why do wind turbine blades that are hard to see in ordinary piers appear here?
This starts with the characteristics of energy consumption in the port industry.
Ports that have large machinery and equipment and receive many freighters and vehicles passing through are the focus areas of environmental protection and energy consumption.
At the beginning of 2021, Tianjin Port Group began to walk on "two legs" and implemented the "dual carbon" goal from both the land and the coast, while emphasizing the carbon emission requirements for new terminals, shore power equipment, and air-conditioning equipment, and on the other hand for existing terminals and ports. The environmental protection transformation and upgrading of the district shall be considered "a game of chess".
At the end of 2021, with the slow start of the two wind turbine blades, the world's first "zero-carbon terminal" - the smart green energy system of Tianjin Port Beijiang Section C Terminal began to connect to the grid for power generation. Continuous supply of office and terminal production.
At present, Tianjin Port No. 2 Container Terminal Company has achieved 100% use of green electricity and 100% self-sufficiency of "green electricity". The energy consumption of the terminal has been reduced by 17% compared with the traditional automated container terminal, achieving zero carbon dioxide emissions on both sides of energy production and consumption. .
Compared with the "incremental" green terminal, it is more valuable to "green" the stock terminal and port area.
Tianjin Port is an important port for "Northern Coal Transportation", and there are mainly coal terminals and ore terminal companies in the southern Xinjiang port area.
The car was driving in the Nanjiang port area of Tianjin Port. The road was clean and smooth, with green grass on both sides, and there were no large trucks, slag and dust often seen in bulk cargo terminals.
"In the past, white cars drove in and black cars drove out, and employees never dared to wear light-colored clothes to work," said Zhang Youwang, manager of the technical department of Tianjin Port Yuanhang Ore Terminal Company.
The "culprit" that brings these dusts is coal transportation.
Heavy-duty trucks carrying coal and ore shuttle between the port area and the inland, bringing dust pollution to all places along the way, causing traffic congestion and safety issues that are even more worrying.
The difficulty of the change is that there are many benefits brought by the transportation of coal by car: bulk cargo terminals can be easily scaled by the transportation of coal by car, and the efficiency of the enterprise can be quickly improved.
Cutting off coal transportation by car and increasing investment in environmental protection not only has to give up short-term benefits, but also "discounts money". Is it worth it?
"We cannot sacrifice the overall green development of the entire port area because of the interests of transporting coal by car. Tianjin Port must take on the environmental responsibility of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei 'Blue Sky Defense War'." Chu Bin said.
Starting in 2017, Tianjin Port was determined to shut down coal transportation by truck.
The Coal Terminal Company first invested more than 100 million yuan to complete the environmental protection transformation such as the dumper pit spray system, the closure of the belt counterweight area along the line, and the improvement of the conveyor belt spray facilities, and then an additional investment of more than 90 million yuan to build the windbreak net project, so that the production process of loading and unloading will be reduced. The smoke has nowhere to escape.
Guan Kun, deputy general manager of Tianjin Port Coal Terminal Co., Ltd., said that in April 2017, the company took the lead in suspending coal transportation by car in all ports across the country, and promoted the transition of bulk cargo from road transportation to railway transportation, and from bulk cargo transportation to container transportation. .
Guan Kun calculated and posted: Through the transformation of the transportation mode of "transit to railway" and "distribution to collection", Tianjin Port reduces the number of diesel vehicles transported by more than 2 million times a year, and the logistics cost after the adjustment of the transportation structure has also dropped significantly.
The reporter saw at the S26 berth of the Yuanhang Ore Terminal in Tianjin Port that the bridge-type grab ship unloader on the shore was using a giant grab to quickly unload the ore from the cargo ship to the belt conveyor, and the long belt sent the ore to the yard.
After the yard is inspected by the customs department, the ore can be shipped out of the port area.
In the past, trucks transported ore, and dust pollution was high.
Today, unloading ore into train cars is as easy as pumping water from a waterwheel through continuous transport equipment.
Standing under the loading floor more than 30 meters high and looking up, the stacker and reclaimer first "rolls" the ore onto the belt equipment, and then the belt equipment is closed and transported all the way to the loading building, where the ore is put into the train car for transportation The whole process realizes "no ore without ore transportation", and the fully enclosed loading and unloading method avoids the spread of dust.
Wang Zhipeng, deputy general manager of Tianjin Port Yuanhang Ore Terminal Company, said: "The ore terminal is also equipped with a fixed fog turret, which can be fully covered with water to suppress dust when needed. At present, the company has purchased a total of mobile fog shooting vehicles, sprinkler vehicles, suction sweepers, etc. There are more than 30 vehicles, cleaning machinery, etc., responsible for all-weather watering and dust suppression and cleaning in the whole area.”
In order to ensure the accurate operation of these newly purchased environmental protection equipment, Tianjin Port has also installed the first domestic port's ecological environment and atmospheric intelligent monitoring platform, and built 174 monitoring points to realize 24-hour dynamic early warning monitoring.
After the coal transportation by automobile was completely cut off, the proportion of iron ore transported by railway in Tianjin Port’s annual import of over 100 million tons of ore reached 65%, ranking among the top ports in the country.
As of 2022, Tianjin Port Coal Terminal Co., Ltd. and Yuanhang Ore Terminal Co., Ltd. have both obtained a four-star rating as a green port. The roads in the Nanjiang Port Area are cleaner, the vegetation is denser, and the nearby residents have more smiling faces.
The change of green transportation on the land side of the port area is gratifying. How to control the pollution on the coast side?
When a ship is docked at the dock, it is usually necessary to supply the ship with electricity from the ship's engine. Even if low-sulfur oil is used, the pollution of ships in the whole port is still not small.
How to solve?
Shore power is the solution given by Tianjin Port Group.
At present, Tianjin Port has its own port for ships and ships that have the ability to receive electricity.
For the treatment of oily sewage, ship washing water and domestic sewage in the southern and northern Xinjiang port areas, Tianjin Port has built a sewage treatment plant with a total designed treatment capacity of 5,800 tons per day.
"On-line monitoring equipment is installed at the discharge outlets of the sewage treatment plants in the southern and northern Xinjiang, and it is connected to the ecological environment bureau. The group also implements the responsibility system of the bay chief, and does a good job in the standardized management of the sewage outfalls into the sea and the cleaning and remediation around the coastline, and 100% of the pollution sources are directly discharged to the sea. Meet the standard." said Fan Jingmin, deputy general manager of the safety and environmental protection department of Tianjin Port Group.
Today's Tianjin Port "one port and six districts" has clean water and clean beaches, and the fish and gulls flock together, like the "ecological pearls" of the Bohai Bay.
Synergy: "one acre of land" becomes an international hub
If "getting smarter" and "greener" is the embodiment of Tianjin Port people's practice of new development concepts, then under the background of focusing on building a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the main body and domestic and international dual circulation promoting each other, Tianjin Port has How to seize the opportunity and plan the situation?
A change of mind is not easy in the highly competitive port industry.
Once upon a time, whether it is the coast of the Bohai Rim, or the coast of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, there have been more or less disorderly competition between terminals and even between port cities caused by business homogeneity.
"Why can't I be the boss of this bay area port?" "Since a port can be built wherever there is a coastline, why should I go there?" The essence of these phenomena is that they are not clear about their own positioning.
For a long time, Tianjin Port is familiar to everyone that "Tianjin Port is the core strategic resource and biggest advantage of Tianjin".
However, "what role does Tianjin Port play in the Bohai Rim and even the whole country" has not had a clear answer for a long time.
In January 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during his inspection at the Tianjin Port Terminal to better serve the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the joint construction of the "Belt and Road".
This enables Tianjin Port to find a new direction in the national strategy.
After that, the central government and Tianjin Municipality further clarified the new development orientation of Tianjin Port.
Documents issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments have clarified the four orientations of Tianjin Port: an important support for the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, an important fulcrum for serving the "Belt and Road", an important platform for deep integration of land and sea, and a modern international shipping hub.
Tianjin has established a leading group to promote the construction of Tianjin North International Shipping Hub to accelerate the construction of a world-class port.
Since then, Tianjin porters have jumped out of the "one mu and three points of land" in the Bohai Bay, abandoned the thinking of "homogeneous competition", and maximized the value of the shipping hub.
On August 21, 2019, Tianjin Port Group established the Xiong'an Service Center, opened a "green channel", and created the best sea outlet in Xiong'an New Area.
Facing the vast hinterland, Tianjin Port Group has established a marketing service network throughout the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
Gao Yuan, manager of the Hebei Regional Headquarters of the Tianjin Port Service and Marketing Network, said that at present, Tianjin Port has established 40 "Sunshine Logistics" direct (franchised) stores in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and has opened trains from Tianjin Port to Gaoyi, Pinggu and other places. Save comprehensive logistics costs for enterprises.
In recent years, Tianjin Port has taken the lead in adjusting its business structure and making every effort to develop container trunk line business.
Jointly invested with Hebei Port Group to establish Tianjin-Hebei Port Investment and Development Co., Ltd., using capital as a link to promote the synergy of Tianjin-Hebei Port; and jointly established Jintang International Container Terminal Company with Tangshan Port Group.
In the context of coordinated development, the role of Tianjin Port as a maritime hub has become increasingly prominent, and it has become an outlet for the automobile industry in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
In order to support the development of the automobile industry, the Ro-Ro terminal of Tianjin Port has been upgraded three times, and the yard area has been expanded to 250,000 square meters.
With the commissioning of Haijia Wharf, the operating shoreline has been expanded to 1,100 meters, and it has the ability to receive and unload 70,000-ton ro-ro ships.
At the Tianjin Port Global Ro-Ro terminal, the reporter saw that the "Changshenghong" and "Changxinglong" Ro-Ro wheels were carrying out vehicle loading and unloading operations.
Thousands of cars are parked on the 250,000-square-meter yard, including branded cars heading north from Guangzhou and branded cars going south.
It is understood that the daily car loading and unloading capacity of the terminal exceeds 4,000.
The impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic not only made Tianjin Port realize the importance of coordination, but also saw new development opportunities.
Under the influence of the epidemic, land transportation is limited, and the throughput of major ports across the country is affected.
On the one hand, the price of container transportation sent to many overseas routes has risen sharply. On the other hand, the port industry is restricted by many restrictions and cannot increase the price. It can only watch the foreign trade shipping companies "lay down and make money".
How to coordinate epidemic prevention and control and self-development?
Geographically, the Bohai Bay is arc-shaped, with Tianjin Port as the starting point, and shipping to most coastal cities in the Bay Area by sea is closer than road transportation.
After investigation, Tianjin Port has launched a free sea "shuttle bus" service for enterprises with difficulties in land transportation under the premise of doing their best to prevent the epidemic.
Containers from Hebei are transported to Tianjin Port through the inner branch route of the Bohai Rim, and then directly transported to the Pearl River Delta region through the "FAST" route of the north-south shipping channel. The transportation time can be shortened from 7 days to 4 days, and the land transportation is saved. many troubles.
Zhao Jinxing, manager of the International Trade Department of Qinhuangdao Lihua Starch Co., Ltd., said that when the epidemic prevention and control was the most difficult, Tianjin Port helped enterprises to find a safer and faster way of logistics. These daily "sea buses" really solved the urgent need .
Before the outbreak, the volume of transport orders between Tianjin Port and some ports around the Bohai Sea was only 200,000 containers per year.
In 2021, Tianjin Port will transport more than 1.3 million containers in ports around the Bohai Bay.
Three years ago, there were more than 50,000 large trucks entering and leaving Tianjin Port every day, but now it has dropped to about 30,000.
In July 2021, Tianjin Port cooperated with Guangzhou Port and other ports to launch the "Maritime High-Speed-FAST" mode of point-to-point direct sea shipping.
In the past two years, the container throughput of Tianjin Port has increased by 3 million boxes.
At present, the branch line transportation network in the Bohai Rim with Tianjin Port as the center has begun to take shape.
Tianjin Port, Tangshan Port, Huanghua Port and other ports have formed a pattern of linkage and mutual support. The number of branch lines in the Bohai Rim has reached 19, and the number of "everyday" voyages has increased from two to three per day.
In 2020 and 2021, the throughput of Tianjin Port's inner Bohai Sea branch will increase by 68% and 32% year-on-year, respectively.
If it is only satisfied with domestic trade routes, it is still far from the requirements of General Secretary Xi Jinping's "aspirational ambition".
In Chu Bin's view, in order to be world-class, Tianjin Port must break through the "comfort zone" and enter the ocean route on the main waterway.
On April 20 this year, 112 containers of Shanxi Jinlan Chemical Co., Ltd. from Taiyuan were sent to Tianjin Port in batches by sea-rail intermodal train.
On May 25, at the Eurasian Container Terminal of Tianjin Port, the freighter MSC Beijing was loaded with containers from Shanxi Jinlan to Thailand and other countries along the "Belt and Road".
"Jinhai Jinmen" is a "one order system" service project launched by Tianjin Port.
Wei Tianai, deputy general manager of the logistics operation center of the business operation department of Tianjin Port Group, introduced that the "one order system" realizes "one entrustment, one settlement, one carrier, one bill of lading, and one box to the end". Various "tossing" in transport modes.
On February 28 this year, Tianjin Port Group seized the window period for the official entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), and opened the "China-Australia Express Airline" for direct flights to Australia.
As a result, inland agricultural products, caustic soda in Xinjiang, and domestic automobiles have an additional channel to go to sea.
Today, the business scope of Tianjin Port has spread all over the countries and regions along the "Belt and Road".
Despite the continued spread of the global epidemic and the decline in international shipping capacity, Tianjin Port Group has still opened a number of regional routes along the “Belt and Road”. Among them, the throughput of African routes will increase by nearly 10% in 2021, and the throughput of Southeast Asian routes will increase by more than 7%.
The container throughput from ports along the “Belt and Road” accounts for more than 60% of the total throughput.
Reform: The century-old Dagang has become more youthful
Looking back at the past from today, the growth of a company will always be marked by the times.
Tianjin Port is "old" enough.
Looking back at its history, it has been more than 160 years since it became one of the earliest ports in my country for foreign trade in 1860; it has also been 70 years since the port reopened in 1952 after the founding of New China.
Tianjin Port is "big".
First, the area is large. The management area of "one port and six districts" is more than 100 square kilometers, which is larger than that of some districts in Tianjin. Driving between the port areas usually starts in half an hour. Second, the scale is large, and the group's annual throughput exceeds 450 million. ton, which is equivalent to the annual carrying capacity of the Daqin Railway; thirdly, the volume is large. The group has more than 60 secondary enterprises and nearly 200 investment enterprises of various types.
It is obviously difficult to manage such a company well.
The only way to crack is to reform.
From the opening of the port in 1952 under the direct management of the Ministry of Communications, to the implementation of the administrative system reform of "dual leadership and local government" in 1984, Tianjin Port has never forgotten to draw its development momentum from the reform.
"People are still these people, and the land is still the same land. Once the reform is made, the benefits will come up." This is what Comrade Deng Xiaoping said when he inspected Tianjin Port in 1986.
Only continuous reform can provide a steady stream of impetus for development.
In November 2003, the Tianjin Municipal Party Committee issued the "Notice on Issues Concerning Deepening the Reform of Tianjin Port Management System", which approved the separation of government and enterprises in Tianjin Port and the establishment of Tianjin Port (Group) Co., Ltd.
On June 3, 2004, Tianjin Port (Group) Co., Ltd. was officially listed.
The restructured Tianjin Port burst out with unprecedented vitality.
At the end of 2004, the cargo throughput of Tianjin Port exceeded 200 million tons for the first time. After entering the "Northern Port of 100 million tons" in November 2001, it took only 3 years to become the first "200 million tons port" among the northern ports.
Since then, the cargo throughput of Tianjin Port has jumped to a new level almost every three years.
"General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech during his inspection at the Tianjin Port terminal in 2019 greatly stimulated the enthusiasm for the reform and development of the cadres and workers in Tianjin Port." Chu Bin said that over the past three years, Tianjin Port has made breakthroughs in the three systems of employment, employment and compensation. Improve the modern enterprise system, and build an enterprise management mechanism around "managers can go up and down, employees can enter and exit, and income can increase or decrease".
Since 2019, Tianjin Port has openly recruited professional managers across the country, including 1 president, 5 vice presidents, and 44 positions in 15 grass-roots units, forming an appointment system, appointment system, professional manager system, and targeted selection, etc. 4 kinds of employment system.
拥有深圳招商集团、京东物流工作经历的王家驹，受聘为天津港东港物流有限公司副总经理；在天津港成长起来的张少华，通过集团内部竞聘选拔，走上了天津港国际物流发展有限公司副总经理的岗位。
在选聘模式改革过程中，77名优秀人才得到提拔使用，中层领导人员平均年龄下降3.2岁。
薪酬方面，天津港推行“4+2”月度绩效考核、激励型薪酬考核、差异化工资总额决定机制、一体化工资标准体系等改革措施。
通过一系列人才制度改革，天津港打破“铁交椅”“铁饭碗”，逐步形成“能者上、优者奖、庸者下、劣者汰”的导向，干部队伍干事创业热情进一步激发。
成立于1977年的天津港第四港埠有限公司（以下简称“港埠四公司”），是天津港集团内的“老资格”企业，也是这次改革的典型之一。
因为“老”，所以免不了有“老”毛病：业务模式老，传统单一；人员结构老，近3000名员工平均年龄偏大、文化水平不高；设施老，堆场面积只有26万平方米，无法满足岸线装卸需求；制度老，公司内部缺乏竞争机制，不讲业绩讲资历。
2019年，诸多因素叠加，港埠四公司全年亏损1亿多元。天津港第四港埠有限公司党委书记迟德芳回忆说，企业现金流最紧张时，账上余额还不够给员工发工资。
天津港集团开出了改革的“药方”：与港埠四公司领导班子签订目标任期责任书，约定两年扭亏，第3年利润达到2000万元；同时，集团下放人事、经营管理权。如果目标不能实现，领导班子集体解聘。
“总结起来就是一句话：深化改革提升管理水平，能者上庸者下。”迟德芳说。
一批干部进入了领导班子。能力强、经验丰富的李炳清被任命为港埠四公司业务总监，他表示，虽然压力大，但对实现目标有信心。因为企业有了人事自主权，体制机制活了，企业员工的积极性就会更好调动起来。
接下来，港埠四公司新一届领导班子开源节流、增质提效，提前一年实现扭亏为盈目标；2021年考核，利润超过3000万元，提前一年完成任期目标；年吞吐量3060万吨，较2019年增长18.5%，员工收入同步增长。
The reform makes the operating mechanism of the enterprise more flexible.
In the project of tackling the smart terminal in Section C of Beijiang Port Area, Tianjin Port established a new Second Container Terminal Co., Ltd., recruited young backbones with experience and ideas throughout the group, and recruited a group of automation professionals from colleges and universities. The graduates of the company have formed a team with an average age of only 31 years old. They mainly do one thing: through the construction of the C section project, they will study a new generation of intelligent terminal solutions that can be replicated and promoted.
Today, many domestic and foreign ports have sent teams to Tianjin Port to learn the experience of smart terminal construction.
In the past three years, Tianjin Port's annual container throughput compound growth rate has ranked first among the top ten ports in the world.
But Chu Bin said: "Tianjin Port is still in the stage of climbing and passing the hurdles, and it is too early to talk about its achievements. With the acceleration of domestic residents' consumption upgrade, Tianjin Port's pivotal role will be better played. By 2025, we will strive to achieve 2,500 container throughput. 10,000 TEUs, become an international hub port that deeply serves the new development pattern, and contributes 'Tianjin-Port strength' to better serve the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the joint construction of the 'Belt and Road'."
Tianjin Port is endowed with resources: it is the artificial deep-water port with the highest level of waterway in the world, the only port in my country with three transit passages of the Eurasian Continental Bridge, and one of the ports with the most complete functions of coastal ports in my country.
The people of Tianjin Port have a gene for struggle: in 1952, they "changed their fate against the sky" and built a wharf on the muddy coast that was not suitable for port construction, which became the first self-designed and constructed new port expansion project in the history of my country's port construction. .
Looking back, relying on the confidence and self-improvement and hard work of several generations of Tianjin Port people, Tianjin Port has moved from the river port to the ocean.
Looking ahead, aiming for thousands of miles and forging ahead with determination, the future of Tianjin Port will be incomparably magnificent.
(Economic Daily reporter Zhou Lin Shang Rui)