Expert advice on issues such as youth drug prevention education has made great progress but still lags behind in educational concepts
Develop special drug prevention teaching materials for primary and secondary school students
□ Our reporter Chen Lei
□ Zhang Shoukun, a trainee reporter of this newspaper
"Stay away from drugs, cherish life." On the occasion of the 35th International Anti-Drug Day, political and legal police officers from all over the country entered primary and secondary schools to carry out various forms of anti-drug propaganda and education, and to enhance their drug awareness, drug prevention and rejection in the interaction with students. Poison consciousness ability.
According to the Anti-drug Law, education administrative departments and schools shall incorporate anti-drug knowledge into education and teaching content, and conduct anti-drug publicity and education to students.
A reporter from the "Rules of Law Daily" recently visited and found that primary and secondary school students in various places have generally received drug prevention education, and most of the students have established an awareness of the dangers of drugs.
But at the same time, there are also formalism problems such as going through the motions and engaging in "sports-style" education in some places.
Experts interviewed by reporters suggested that in the process of drug prevention education for primary and secondary school students, we must change the concept of anti-drug education, solve the problems of anti-drug system and mechanism, and implement policy and legal protection.
In addition, an evaluation system and system should be established as soon as possible to evaluate the effect of youth drug prevention education. It may be considered to implement a one-vote veto on youth drug prevention education in primary and secondary schools to improve the effect of education.
Anti-drug education
Primary and secondary schools are duty-bound
He had a short haircut, black-rimmed glasses on his nose, and was wearing a red T-shirt and denim shorts.
On the evening of June 19, the reporter met 11-year-old An An at the gate of Wangjing Sports Park in Beijing. He is currently a fifth-grade student in Chaoyang District, Beijing.
When asked if he had received drug prevention education in school, An An said that he participated in an online youth anti-drug knowledge contest according to the teacher's request in the last semester of the fifth grade, "watch a few videos introducing anti-drug knowledge, and then answer the questions online. ".
Wang Zhen (pseudonym), who lives near Suzhou Street, Haidian District, Beijing, told reporters that her son was also in the fifth grade of primary school, and he also participated in an online youth anti-drug knowledge contest last semester. "Drug education should be started from an early age."
In March 2003, the Ministry of Education issued the Special Education Outline on Drug Prevention for Primary and Middle School Students, which made specific requirements for the goals, content and class hours of drug prevention education for students in grades five from elementary school to grade two in high school.
For example, the fifth to sixth grades of primary school carry out 4 class hours of "special education on drug prevention", 6 class hours of junior high school, and 4 class hours of high school.
Several parents in Beijing told reporters that their children in this age group have received drug prevention education in schools.
This situation is not limited to Beijing.
Wang Lei (pseudonym), a sixth-grade student from a primary school in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, told reporters on the phone that his school conducts anti-drug knowledge publicity through the school's public account and blackboard newspapers every year.
He had no specific concept of drugs in the lower grades, but subconsciously knew that "it's not a good thing, don't touch it".
Wang Lei said that with the increase of age, coupled with various publicity and education, his understanding of the harm of drugs has become more and more specific, "Drugs not only destroy themselves and their families, but also harm the society. Stay away from drugs, and if you encounter drug abuse, drug dealing, etc., you should call the police as soon as possible while ensuring your own safety.”
In some places, drug prevention education also extends beyond school.
Zheng Mengru, a student of Xiaguan Middle School in Suzhou City, Anhui Province, told reporters on the phone that on June 20 this year, the school organized students to visit the anti-drug and anti-AIDS education center in Xiguan Street Community, Suzhou City. The police and anti-drug volunteers from Xiguan Police Station explained the students in detail. To understand the dangers of drugs, remind students to stay away from drug traps while strengthening their awareness of drugs, drug prevention, and drug rejection.
Zheng Mengru said that she usually learned about some new drugs through the Internet and school electronic screens, but through this visit, she clearly realized that milk tea, coffee, orange juice, chocolate, etc. may all be "disguised" drugs.
According to Zeng Wenyuan, a teacher at the Anti-drug Teaching and Research Office of the People's Public Security University of China, "prevention first" is the primary meaning of my country's anti-drug work policy, and anti-drug publicity and education are the basic measures for drug prevention.
my country has always attached great importance to anti-drug propaganda and education, especially drug prevention education in primary and secondary schools.
According to Mo Guanyao, a member of the expert database of the Office of the National Narcotics Control Commission and a professor at the School of Law and Sociology of Yunnan Normal University, a series of legal and policy documents issued by my country provide a basis for youth drug prevention education.
For example, the Drug Control Law implemented on June 1, 2008, the "Opinions on Strengthening Drug Control Work" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council in 2014, and the "Opinions on Strengthening Drug Control Work" issued by the Central Propaganda Department, the Ministry of Education, and the National Narcotics Control Office in August 2015. National Youth Drug Prevention Education Plan (2016-2018)", "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Publicity and Education of National Drug Control in the New Era" issued by the National Narcotics Control Commission in January 2019, etc.
Over the years, drug prevention education in primary and secondary schools in my country has achieved remarkable results.
According to data released by the Ministry of Public Security in June 2021, the awareness rate of anti-drug knowledge among school students in my country is over 96%.
But it is worth noting that youth drug prevention education also has shortcomings.
In the interview, some teachers expressed their confusion.
Zhao Ming (pseudonym), a teacher from a primary school in Tianjin, told reporters that his school will hold activities on Anti-Drug Day and Anti-Drug Month every year, but it is only held once a year, and it is more perfunctory.
"It is to let teachers take turns to write articles for the official account, and students to report on the blackboard. I feel that the main purpose of the activity is not to let students learn anti-drug knowledge, but to take pictures for inspection."
According to Zeng Wenyuan's observation, there are certain problems in the content and methods of drug prevention education in primary and secondary schools in my country, and the reasons for this are both subjective and objective.
Educators in some schools have deviations in the concept of drug prevention education, and their coping psychology is more serious, and they do not really realize the importance of drug prevention education.
Zeng Wenyuan also found that the anti-drug teachers in some primary and secondary schools have not been effectively integrated, such as part-time teachers of drug prevention education and vice-principals of the rule of law.
Due to financial constraints, some places cannot raise funds related to teacher recruitment and curriculum development.
Education concept still lags behind
Lack of specialized education teams
The Anti-drug Law stipulates that educational administrative departments and schools shall incorporate anti-drug knowledge into their education and teaching content, and conduct anti-drug publicity and education to students.
According to the "Opinions on Strengthening Anti-drug Work", schools should play the role of the main channel, focusing on drug prevention education for adolescents and other vulnerable groups, so as to achieve full coverage of drug prevention education in ordinary primary and secondary schools, secondary vocational schools and institutions of higher learning.
In Mo Guanyao's view, this means that the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have raised the youth drug prevention education to a level related to national security, the rise and fall of the nation, and the well-being of the people, rather than just safety education and scientific education.
Zeng Wenyuan believes that my country attaches great importance to drug prevention education in primary and secondary schools, not only because the state pays attention to students' health education, but also because of the need to curb and reduce the breeding of new drug addicts.
"Judging from the situation of registered drug addicts in my country in recent years, the proportion of young drug addicts is getting higher and higher, and it has become the main growth point of drug addicts. It is very necessary to carry out drug prevention education for young people, including primary and secondary school students."
Tang Jianbin, a member of the China Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Association and a senior partner of Beijing Jingdu Law Firm, reminded that with the rapid development of science and technology and economy, drugs are also being replaced. From the initial plant extraction to chemical synthesis, it is more hidden and confusing , more toxic, my country's anti-drug situation is still grim.
"The primary and secondary school groups have strong curiosity, but their will is relatively weak; they like to pursue new things, but their cognitive ability is limited. Many people who sell and smoke will encourage and deceive people around them to take drugs. Primary school students do not have enough awareness of new drugs, and when there is external interference, it is easy to try new drugs." Tang Jianbin said that primary and secondary schools should recognize the importance of anti-drug education, carry out anti-drug education strictly in accordance with the law, and give children a better future. Good "vaccine".
Mo Guanyao believes that on the basis of the Ministry of Education's release of the "Syllabus for Drug Prevention Special Education for Primary and Secondary School Students", in October 2021, the Ministry of Education will issue the "Life Safety and Health Education into Primary and Secondary School Curriculum Textbook Guidelines", which will include drug prevention education for adolescent students. Incorporated into the curriculum and proposed curriculum standards to further implement and promote drug prevention education, but in primary and secondary schools, the "main battlefield" of drug prevention education, there is still a gap between drug prevention education and my country's actual drug situation, tasks, and educational goals.
In Mo Guanyao's view, there are many reasons behind it. The most important thing is that our theoretical research and understanding level is still not in place, and the educational concept is still lagging behind.
For example, in reducing drug demand and reducing drug supply, demand reduction is more important.
And prevention education is the most effective way to reduce demand, especially drug prevention education for adolescents is crucial.
"We must integrate anti-drug education with survival education, life education and life education in order to be valued and welcomed by educational administrations, schools, teachers, parents and students," said Mo Guanyao.
According to Mo Guanyao's research and research, there are still problems such as the lack of specialized teams and professional teaching materials for youth drug prevention education.
"The majority of primary and secondary school teachers across the country generally have not received systematic anti-drug education, professional training and guidance. As of now, none of the books used as anti-drug textbooks in primary and secondary schools have been approved by the Ministry of Education's National Teaching Materials Review Committee for Primary and Secondary Schools."
"The responsibility system for youth drug prevention and education is not perfect. The Anti-Drug Law stipulates the school's obligation for anti-drug publicity and education to students, but there is no clear legal responsibility for non-fulfillment of this obligation." Zeng Wenyuan said.
Actively improve the way of education
combined with legal education
Experts interviewed put forward their own suggestions for carrying out drug prevention education in primary and secondary schools in accordance with the law and improving the effect of drug prevention education.
In Mo Guanyao's view, the work of juvenile drug prevention and education involves multiple departments, and the National Narcotics Control Commission should issue a more clarified division of responsibilities and functions of each department to solve the problem of unclear responsibilities.
On this basis, it is urgent to solve the problem of specialized institutions for youth drug prevention education. It is possible to set up internal specialized drug prevention education institutions in the city (state) and county (district) anti-drug offices, with full-time drug prevention education personnel, and to ensure prevention education funds in accordance with the law. .
"The main position of youth drug prevention education is in schools, the main channel is in the classroom, and the core object is students." Mo Guanyao suggested that to solve the problem of lack of teachers, first of all, a national drug prevention education expert committee can be established, and provinces and cities can simultaneously establish experts Committee to ensure the scientific, normative and authoritative nature of drug prevention education.
Establish a drug prevention education teacher pool, which can be composed of teachers from multiple disciplines such as moral education, history, and life education, forming a network of backbone teachers for drug prevention education.
Vigorously carry out drug prevention education teacher training to ensure the standardization and effectiveness of teaching.
"Under the circumstance that it is currently impossible to provide every student with an anti-drug textbook and each school to open an anti-drug course, we can provide students with some teaching aids, extracurricular readings, social practice, etc. From the perspective of solving teachers' problems, developing A set of teachers' guide books for drug prevention education may be a more urgent need at the moment." Mo Guanyao said.
"It is necessary to formulate special drug prevention teaching materials on the basis of scientific demonstration based on the physical and mental characteristics and intellectual level of primary and secondary school students, so as to make school drug prevention education more institutionalized, professional and systematic." Zeng Wenyuan said, actively promoting drug control Elements are organically integrated into Chinese, history, chemistry, biology, ideology and morality and other courses, play a role in infiltration teaching, make full use of various examination mechanisms, and incorporate drug prevention knowledge into the scope of the senior high school entrance examination and the college entrance examination.
Zeng Wenyuan believes that education methods should also be improved, the subjectivity of primary and secondary school students should be respected, and interactive teaching (such as brainstorming, role-playing, games, etc.) and practical teaching (such as visiting anti-drug education bases) should be the main focus of drug prevention education in primary and secondary schools. Way.
Tang Jianbin suggested that drug prevention education should keep pace with the times in teaching content, starting from traditional drugs, focusing on new drugs, configuring real cases, combining theory with practice, improving the vigilance of primary and secondary school students, and paying attention to The organic combination with the rule of law education.
He said that in classroom education, police officers and experts in the field of narcotics who are on the front line of drug control can be invited into the classroom.
The real implementation of drug prevention education in schools requires the help and support of public security organs, judicial administrative departments and health administrative departments, etc., in order to fully absorb the experience in the fight against drugs and protect the healthy growth of the next generation.
"As for the effect of drug prevention education for primary and secondary school students, an evaluation system must be established as soon as possible. A third party can conduct surveys by means of random interviews, questionnaires, etc., make quantitative evaluations and submit them to the National Narcotics Control Office as the basis for evaluation. Implement a one-vote veto." Mo Guanyao suggested.