Happy life in the "wild zoo"
Our reporter Han Xu
Starting from Zaduo County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, the source of the Lancang River, the beautiful Lancang River-Mekong River stretches thin and sometimes magnificent.
In the dense forests, grasslands, and deep mountains that it flows through, there are a large number of wild animals, including various national-level protected animals, such as snow leopards, red deer, Yunnan golden monkeys, Tibetan antelopes, Tibetan wild donkeys, white-lipped deer... Lancang River-Mekong River Basin It is like a "wild zoo".
A reporter from the Economic Daily recently followed in the footsteps of "Drinking the Same River and Sharing the Love of Lanmei"-2021 Lanmei Miles Travel, a large-scale interview event by Chinese and foreign media, and witnessed the happy lives of animals in this "wild zoo".
Nothing to disturb is the greatest respect
The autumn is no longer verdant, the grassland has turned from green to yellow, and under the shining sun, it glows with a golden luster.
This is the favorite season of Niga, the director of the Ecological Environment and Natural Resources Administration of the Lancang River Source Park Administration Committee of the Sanjiangyuan National Park Administration.
He likes grasslands, rivers, and watching yaks graze leisurely, marmots from time to time stage a "double otter fight", Tibetan antelopes rushing violently, and pikas carefully poking their heads out of the hole.
As a native, Niga described all this as commonplace for him, but it was this commonality that brought him deep inner peace.
"Recently, I am very excited because the Sanjiangyuan National Park has finally been officially established. Years of hard work have yielded fruit." Niga told reporters that the total area of the Sanjiangyuan National Park after the "normalization" is 190,700 square kilometers, which is close to Shaanxi. The province is the largest national park in China with the highest altitude.
According to the plan, by 2035, it will become a model of ecological protection.
"Zeduo" is a Tibetan transliteration, meaning the source of the Zhaqu River (Lancang River).
It is located in the hinterland of Sanjiangyuan, with high altitude, fragile ecology and many wild animals.
This means that the local ecological restoration and biodiversity protection work is extremely intensive and extremely difficult.
Niga said that he is most concerned about black soil beach management, wetland protection, grassland pest prevention and control, and water and soil conservation. What he hates most is potential threats such as garbage intrusion, illegal sand mining, and illegal poaching. What he is most worried about is whether Provide a comfortable home for wild animals.
Not necessary, don't disturb-this is Niga's understanding of biodiversity conservation.
"Except for some animals with too weak viability and too few populations, other species actually don’t need too much human intervention. You have to believe in nature, and you have to believe in these animals. Doing biodiversity conservation work is not about keeping animals Raised in captivity, but to restore the ecology, let the wild animals settle here willingly and reproduce with peace of mind." Niga said.
Laba Tsering, director of the Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Leiwuqi County, Qamdo, Tibet, also holds a similar view.
In Tibet Leiwuqi Red Deer National Nature Reserve, Laba Tsering said with a smile, "My job is to control animals, but it is actually human."
There are not only red deer in the reserve, but also many raptors and predators such as wolves, bears, and eagles. Red deer are often preyed by these predators.
"We don't care about these. What we care about is that humans cannot harm animals, harm the ecology, littering, cutting down trees, and hunting are absolutely forbidden."
In order to give wild animals a beautiful home, in recent years, various provinces, prefectures and counties along the Lancang River have introduced relevant policies, and implemented special personnel and special funds to supervise their implementation.
For example, Nangqian County, also located in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province, closed all sand fields.
Thanks to this, the water in the Zhaqu River has become clear again, and the black-necked crane, the only crane in the world that grows and breeds on the plateau, has reappeared on the riverside.
Great protection is the best protection
"At the beginning of this century, there were only three to five hundred Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys here, and now there are at least 800." Shilang Ciren, who has worked here for more than 20 years in the Mangkang Dian snub-nosed monkey national nature reserve in Tibet, told The reporter said, "In the past, the Yunnan golden snub-nosed monkey saw people as if it saw a natural enemy, and disappeared with a'swish'; now, if you take a picture of it, it takes a glance at you on the tree, and continues to eat usnea, and ignores you. ".
The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey is a national first-class protected animal and a species unique to China.
According to historical records, the Yunnan golden snub-nosed monkeys in ancient China were distributed in a wide area, but unfortunately, due to the influence of human activities, they could only gradually retreat to a small area at the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet.
In this context, in 1986, with the approval of the Mangkang County Government of Changdu, Tibet Autonomous Region, the Mangkang Yunnan Golden Monkey County-level Nature Reserve was established; in 1993, the reserve was upgraded to the autonomous region level; on January 24, 2003, it was further upgraded to National nature reserve.
Shiro Ciren recalled that the first time he saw a Yunnan golden monkey was in 1999.
"At that time, I accompanied the researchers from the Kunming Institute of Zoology to the reserve and spent a year on the mountain. At that time, the number of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys was still very small, and they were very wary of humans. After all, this is a forest area, hunters. Many. Moreover, I was too young and inexperienced back then, so I could only take everyone around in the woods, just looking for monkeys for more than a week."
After more than 20 years of training, Shiro Ciren now looks for traces of Yunnan golden monkeys based on broken branches, feces, and calls.
Moreover, "Nowadays, there are more Yunnan golden snub-nosed monkeys, and they are not afraid of people. They are easy to find. When they look up, there are groups of monkeys on the canopy of more than 30 square meters."
The prosperity of "Hook Ding" is inseparable from the "logistics support" of mankind.
Shiro Jiren said that he and his patrol team patrol the mountain every day: see what the trees here look like, there are not many usneas there.
"Unasus grows on old branches in the deep mountains or on high mountain rocks. It always hangs down in tandem, making it all over the place, and there is no way to walk. In the past, hunters often found it troublesome, and they just got caught in the fire. The road is burned out, but now it’s impossible. Not only can’t it be burned, but also protect it, because it is the favorite food of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys. As long as Usnea grows well, there is no need to worry about Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys running out of food." Shiro Ciren said.
Currently, the forest coverage rate of Tibet's Mangkang Yunnan Golden Monkey National Nature Reserve has exceeded 70%.
Not only that, 111 villages and towns with forests in Qamdo have professional management and protection stations, and are equipped with 580 professional management and protection personnel.
The city also recruited more than 20,000 public welfare forest rangers, more than 7,600 natural forest rangers, and 185,000 ecological personnel.
"This huge forest protection team accounts for more than 28% of Changdu's total population." Li Lizhen, deputy director of the Changdu Forestry and Grassland Bureau, said with pride.
With good water, good grass, and many trees, what can be more favored by animals than such protection?
A model of harmonious coexistence between humans and animals
"Woohoo..." In the Leiwuqi Red Deer National Nature Reserve in Changdu, Tibet Autonomous Region, the gray-haired old Tibetan mother held a pot of coriander roots to Qiulam and called to the red deer.
In a blink of an eye, deer shadows appeared on the nearby hills.
Groups of vigorous red deer galloped down from the alpine meadow, and in a blink of an eye they surrounded Xiangqiuram in the center.
The story of Xiangqiulamu and the Red Deer is fantastic.
An accidental "encounter" at the age of 15, made her and the red deer forged an indissoluble bond...
It was an evening more than 40 years ago, and Xiangqiuram, who was only 15 years old, faintly heard movement outside the tent.
It turned out that there were 3 injured red deer.
In order to keep the red deer alive, she squeezed yak milk to feed them every day and brought them back to her tent to keep warm.
They are also very competitive, and their bodies have recovered a little bit.
Later, the little red deer returned to his own group, and the story seemed to end here, but it did not.
In the winter of the same year, on an ordinary morning, more than a dozen wild red deer descended from the mountain to search for food.
"What makes me overjoyed is that the 3 little red deer were among them. They didn't forget me, and they brought their little friends to come back to see me together." Recalling the reunion of the year, Xiang Qiulamu experienced hard times. There was a warm smile on his face.
"Many years ago, our red deer protection work here was not yet systematic, but there were many local herders like Xiang Qiulam who spontaneously helped them." Laba Tsering said, until the reserve was established, these herders also became "Professional Protector".
At present, Tibet Leiwuqi Red Deer National Nature Reserve has formed a relatively sound protection system, and the layout of protection management stations is relatively reasonable. The number of red deer has risen from about 1,200 in the 1990s to about 3,500 at present. .
The reporter saw at the scene that the protected area was in the form of "closed before and opened later", and the red deer were free to come and go.
Laba Tsering said: "Every summer when the water and grass are beautiful, the red deer will collectively "play missing". If it weren't for trekking through the mountains and crossing the mountains and mountains like the guards, it would be difficult to see them. After the fall, They will return in groups to the protection management station on the edge of the reserve, wandering in the grasslands specially reserved for them. After all, here not only is there a rich pasture meal, but also often can eat the coriander fed by humans. Roots and barley."
The wild population not only does not exclude humans, but also lives happily with the help of humans. Isn't this the truest portrayal of the community of human and natural life?
Our reporter Han Xu