中间商揭露一些临期食品翻新销售以次充好等问题
临期食品真的物美价廉吗
● 近年来，临期食品市场越来越火爆，线上线下的临期食品促销专区、临期食品专卖店如雨后春笋一般涌现
● 临期食品火爆后，一些问题随之而来：一些商家受利益驱使，篡改临期食品的生产日期，用过期食品冒充临期食品；一些消费者缺乏挑选临期食品的知识和经验，一次性购买大量临期食品，却无法在保质期内食用完，导致食品浪费……
● 2012年6月，国务院发布《关于加强食品安全工作的决定》规定，食品经营者要建立并执行临近保质期食品的消费提示制度，严禁更换包装和日期再行销售；2021年4月实施的反食品浪费法规定，超市、商场等食品经营者应当对其经营的食品加强日常检查，对临近保质期的食品分类管理，作特别标示或者集中陈列出售
● 为规范临期食品市场，受访专家建议监管部门要加强行业监管，定期开展专项检查，严查临期、过期食品翻新销售等违法行为；商家也要提高自律意识，尤其是电商平台应履行好监督职责
□ 本报见习记者 张守坤
□ 本报记者 赵 丽
原价9.9元一盒的甜点只需5元能到手两盒；一箱牛奶的单价立降50%；网红饮料不仅降价还买一赠一……食品价格大优惠背后的玄机，是保质期即将到期，这类食品又被称为临期食品。
近年来，临期食品市场越来越火热。线上，“年轻人买临期食品来减少浪费”这一话题在微博上阅读量突破一亿；豆瓣上“我爱临期食品”小组创建一年多来聚集了近10万人；在各大短视频平台搜索临期食品，相关视频综合播放量达到千万以上；线下，各大超市设置临期食品促销专区、开设临期食品专卖店。
然而《法治日报》记者近日调查发现，临期食品火爆后，一些问题随之而来：一些商家受利益驱使，篡改临期食品的生产日期，用过期食品冒充临期食品；一些消费者缺乏挑选临期食品的知识和经验，一次性购买大量临期食品，却无法在保质期内食用完，导致食品浪费……
多位专家近日接受记者采访时建议，规范临期食品市场需要多措并举，相关部门可以对临期食品的期限作出界定，除了标注保质期外，还可以再标注最佳口味时期、最佳食用期或最佳赏味期等内容，方便顾客辨别。
商家缺乏提醒意识
未按规定分类陈列
2021年12月23日，家住天津的刘女士发现自家小区门口的零食店门前堆起了一摞某品牌绿豆饼。这款绿豆饼平日售价是一盒9.9元，如今3元一盒，两盒只要5元。
看到价格便宜，刘女士便买了两盒绿豆饼，没想到当天晚上她就发现保质期有问题。“保质期60天，生产日期是10月23日，买到手的时候已经是最后一天，不敢吃了，更何况一晚上也吃不完。”刘女士吐槽说。
次日早上，刘女士去找店家理论，却发现这款临期绿豆饼已经下架了，“没有购物小票，之前店家也没有提醒，只能自认倒霉”。
早在2012年6月，国务院就发布《关于加强食品安全工作的决定》规定，食品经营者要建立并执行临近保质期食品的消费提示制度，严禁更换包装和日期再行销售。
2021年4月实施的反食品浪费法规定，超市、商场等食品经营者应当对其经营的食品加强日常检查，对临近保质期的食品分类管理，作特别标示或者集中陈列出售。
但记者调查发现，线下实体店中，许多超市并没有设立专门的临期产品销售区，而是和正价产品混在一起出售，有不少消费者以为这是商家的促销手段，没看清保质期就购买，过几天准备食用时却发现已经过期；即使在销售临期食品的店铺中，一些商家也不会醒目地标注临期商品的具体生产日期和到期时间。
记者随机向某电商平台上5家销量靠前的临期食品专卖店客服咨询能否告知所卖商品还有多久到保质期，对方均回复说肯定在保质期内，具体什么时候到期却不再回复，还有店家甚至回复称不清楚还有多长时间过期。
还有一些商家会用“赏味期”代替“生产日期”印在食物包装上，食品是否过期根本无法得知。
According to Zhu Yi, an associate professor at the School of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering of China Agricultural University, the "appreciation period" is actually a Japanese term, which refers to the best tasting period for food.
"Taste period" and "imminent period" foods may have slight differences in taste and flavor, but there is no difference in quality and safety. However, consumers are easily confused. It is recommended that businesses indicate two dates on the food. One is the best tasting period, and the other is the shelf life, which is convenient for consumers to choose and judge.
Tamper with the date to shoddy
The quality of the supply is difficult to guarantee
With the increasing demand for expiring food, the acquisition of expiring food has now changed from a buyer's market to a seller's market.
Wang Jie, a buyer of temporary food from Anhui, told reporters: "When the goods were purchased in the past, the other party wanted to get rid of them quickly. Now the temporary food is on fire, and the price must be quoted first when receiving the goods. The price is often still being negotiated, and the goods have been taken away by others. Now, the profit margins of making expiring food are getting smaller and smaller.”
Wang Jie said that the regular delivery channels for temporary food products include dealer inventory, direct supply from brands, community group purchase suppliers, and supermarket chain returns.
"Most brands have a remaining shelf life of one or two months, and it is relatively common to have only a few weeks left. We seldom take this kind of goods. The food is a fast-forwarding and fast-selling industry, and the quantity of purchases is relatively large. , in case it can't be sold, the money will be lost. In this case, some merchants will falsely mark the original price, or even tamper with the production date, use expired products to pretend to be expired products, or buy some food from unknown channels, deceiving customer."
The reporter consulted 5 stores on an e-commerce platform, and the other parties all ensured that the purchase channel was regular and there would be no problems, but no customer service responded positively to the purchase channel.
In the comments of buyers of some commodities, the reporter saw many people mentioning comments such as "the eight bags of biscuits I bought were all broken", "I had diarrhea a few times after eating", and "it's different from what my friends bought in the supermarket".
Wang Jie found that some merchants re-printed the expired food before putting it on the shelves, and the expired products that are easy to re-code are often the production date printed by ink, and the production date of hot stamping, laser printing, steel stamping, and hot stamping is very important. Difficult to change.
"Therefore, consumers must pay attention to whether there are traces of wiping around when purchasing, whether the inkjet is even and bright, whether it can be wiped with water, etc." Wang Jie reminded.
Zhu Yi said that in order to pursue improper interests, some businesses do change the expired food into a "vest" and put the label of expiring food into the market again. This is not good for the healthy development of the snack food industry, and it will also damage the health of consumers. Health and buying experience.
此外，记者调查发现，临期食品折扣店的商品并不一定是真临期，有的商家趁机将一些知名度不高的食品以临期名义出售吸引消费者购买。
记者在一些网店和实体店发现，放在货架上的许多商品都是刚生产出来的非大品牌产品，价格仅比原价略便宜。面对休闲食品行业迅速推陈出新的现状，一些商家另辟蹊径，转至临期商品店正价售卖。大牌产品引流，带动小品牌产品清仓营利，成为临期食品商店的营利新模式。
这些问题也导致购买临期食品成了开盲盒，一不小心就会踩坑。
一些社交平台上，针对此类问题的吐槽不胜枚举。有人称，某些网店售卖进口零食，调包商品复制正品，包装袋上全是英文，不仔细看发现不了端倪，但一尝就能判断出是调包的，体验感很差。“折扣力度大”“进口好物”“实现零食自由”等促销口号很容易让人上头，一下购买很多打折商品，实际上羊毛没薅成，还落入了促销噱头下的消费陷阱。
商家顾客注意自查
相关部门加强监管
临期食品市场存在的浪费、标签不规范等问题引起了国家及各地相关部门的关注。
2021年6月，国家市场监管总局发布《临期食品，可以买吗？》等5条科普短视频，从选购、制作、食用、储藏等不同角度介绍和解读相关食品安全知识，提醒消费者按需购买临期食品，不要囤积，以免过期变质造成食物浪费；临期食品买回家后，最好在保质期内吃完。如果食品过期，出现膨胀、异味、霉变等情况，应当丢弃。
2021年11月30日，国家发展改革委等四部门联合印发《反食品浪费工作方案》，要求健全临期食品销售体系，优化食品标识制度，鼓励食品生产者在食品包装上明确标识“最佳食用日期”和“保质日期”，支持食品生产经营者以优惠价格销售临近“最佳食用日期”的食品。指导超市、商场等食品经营者加强日常检查，对临近保质期的食品分类管理，作特别标识或者集中陈列出售。
Recently, taking the opportunity of the temporary food pilot work in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, the Zhangjiagang City Market Supervision Bureau of Jiangsu Province formulated two system specifications, the "Temporary Food Safety Management Specification" and the "Temporary Food Anti-Waste Guide", to clarify the temporary food safety management. Standardize and guide all units to establish standardized shelves for expiring food and special personnel to manage shelves according to their own actual conditions, and improve the special management system for expiring food.
Created the first online trading platform for temporary food in Suzhou, which directly connected with local large-scale food companies and major shopping malls and supermarkets, and improved the processing capacity of temporary food and the quality of food consumption services.
In order to regulate the food market in the temporary period, Zhu Yi suggested that the regulatory authorities must strengthen the supervision of the industry, carry out special inspections on a regular basis, and strictly investigate the illegal activities such as the refurbishment and sales of food in the temporary period and expired food. The social responsibility of good supervision.
According to Zhu Yi, Beijing has issued a very detailed standard for expiring food before, and the critical standard is also very clear.
For example, the expiry date of a food with a shelf life of one year or more is set 45 days before the expiration date, such as canned candy; the expiration date of the food with a shelf life of 6 months to one year is set 20 days before the expiration date, such as room temperature milk.
If the shelf life is between 3 months and 6 months, the expiry period refers to 15 days before the expiration date, such as some vacuum-packed foods, frozen foods, etc.
"Relevant state departments can study and formulate relevant management systems for temporary food according to this standard, and define the period of temporary food." Zhu Yi said.
Cheng Shengkui, chairman of the Chinese Society of Natural Resources and a researcher at the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, told reporters that foreign food donation systems can be used for reference in food management measures for temporary food.
For example, the food bank in the United States is a non-profit organization that collects the food in the supermarket and uses it for donation. "my country can also develop gradually in the direction of food banks."
"In addition, in addition to marking the shelf life on the food packaging, you can also mark the best taste period, the best eating period or the best tasting period. The food that has passed the best eating period will be sold at a discount or donated directly to Charitable organizations. For the problems existing in the temporary food, the relevant departments and enterprises still need further research to ensure the safety of food while reducing food waste." Cheng Shengkui said.