Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country has issued a series of policies and regulations for poverty alleviation and development with Chinese characteristics
Provide institutional guarantee for winning the battle against poverty
● Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the requirements of the central government to comprehensively deepen reforms, my country has established six systems of responsibility for poverty alleviation, policies, investment, mobilization, supervision, and evaluation, to provide institutional guarantees for winning the battle against poverty
● Adhere to the basic national conditions and give full play to the advantages of the system.
my country has given full play to its political and institutional advantages, and through the working mechanism of "party leadership, government leadership, and social participation", a social poverty alleviation system has been formed that spans regions, departments, industries, and the whole society participates in multiple subjects.
● Persist in the integration of poverty alleviation with support of will and wisdom.
Correctly handle the relationship between external assistance and the efforts of the poor, strengthen the glorious orientation of poverty alleviation, pay more attention to cultivating the awareness of the poor to rely on self-reliance to achieve poverty alleviation and get rich, and pay more attention to improving the self-development ability of the poor areas and the poor
□ Our reporter Chen Lei
□ Trainee reporter Liu Ziwei
As of November 23 this year, the 832 national-level poverty-stricken counties identified by the State Council’s Poverty Alleviation Office in 2014 have all been lifted out of poverty.
Behind all the “clearing” of the national-level poverty-stricken counties, the Party Central Committee has elevated poverty alleviation and development to an important position of governance and made a series of decisions and deployments: In October 2015, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee proposed The goal and task of all impoverished counties; in November 2015, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Decision on Winning the Fight against Poverty" (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision"); in March 2016, at the Fourth Session of the 12th National People's Congress In the adopted "13th Five-Year Plan", the Party Central Committee’s poverty alleviation decision-making and deployment became the national will through legal procedures; in June 2018, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Winning the Three-Year Poverty Alleviation Campaign" (hereinafter referred to as " instructions")……
Experts interviewed by a reporter from the Rule of Law Daily believe that this fully reflects the advantages of the socialist state system with Chinese characteristics, especially the promulgation of a series of poverty alleviation and development policy documents with Chinese characteristics, which provides a solid institutional guarantee for poverty alleviation.
Policy documents are released one after another
Fully implement poverty alleviation
At the end of 2011, the central government decided to set an annual per capita net income of 2,300 yuan as the new national poverty alleviation standard.
According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, as of the end of 2012, my country's standard poor population was 98.99 million.
In November 2012, the 18th National Congress of the Party was held.
Since then, the Party Central Committee has placed poverty alleviation and development in an important position of governance and raised it to a new height related to building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and realizing the first century-old goal, including the overall layout of the "five in one" and the "four comprehensives". "Strategic layout for decision-making and deployment.
In December 2014, the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council announced on its official website the “List of 832 Poverty Counties in the Country”, involving 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities).
In October 2015, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee proposed that by 2020, the rural poor under the current standards in my country will be lifted out of poverty, and all poor counties will have their hats removed.
Professor Zhang Shuailiang, deputy director of the Office of Policies and Regulations of Henan Agricultural University, said in an interview with a reporter from the Rule of Law Daily that poverty is not socialism. The announcement of the 832 state-level poor counties demonstrates the courage and responsibility of the Party Central Committee and the State Council to declare war on poverty.
In November 2015, the "Decision" made a comprehensive plan for poverty alleviation in the next five years, requiring that "by 2020, the rural poor will have no worries about food, clothing, compulsory education, basic medical care, and housing security. Realize that the growth rate of farmers' per capita disposable income in poverty-stricken areas is higher than the national average, and the indicators in the main areas of basic public services are close to the national average."
In March 2016, the Fourth Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress reviewed and approved the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", and "Fully Implement Poverty Alleviation" was included as a special article.
As a result, the central government’s decision-making on poverty alleviation has become the will of the country through legal procedures.
In April, the Central Organization Department and the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council jointly issued the "Notice on Maintaining the Stability of the Party and Government Official Positions in Poverty-stricken Counties During the Tackling Period of Poverty Alleviation".
After getting rid of poverty and taking off the hat, it must remain stable for some time.
In October, the "Implementation Measures for the Responsibility System for Poverty Alleviation" issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council stipulated that the Party Central Committee and the State Council are mainly responsible for formulating major policies for poverty alleviation, introducing major policies and measures, and improving systems and mechanisms; provincial party committees and The government is responsible for the poverty alleviation work in the region, and ensures that the responsibility system is implemented at all levels; the provincial party committee and government strengthen the management of poor counties, organize and implement the evaluation mechanism, restraint mechanism, and exit mechanism of poor counties.
At the end of 2016, the State Council issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Poverty Alleviation", which put forward a timetable and roadmap for winning the battle against poverty.
According to the data from the Office of the State Council’s Poverty Alleviation Office, five years after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued 5 poverty alleviation documents, and the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued 20 poverty alleviation documents. The department issued hundreds of policy documents or implementation plans.
The Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council concluded that in accordance with the requirements of the central government to comprehensively deepen reforms, my country has established six systems of responsibility, policy, investment, mobilization, supervision, and assessment for poverty alleviation to provide institutional guarantees for winning the poverty alleviation battle.
In this regard, Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the promulgation of these poverty alleviation documents means that my country has initially established a poverty alleviation policy system to make poverty alleviation work rule-based, and my country has initially realized the systematization and standardization of poverty alleviation work.
Never miss a household and leave no one
Really get rid of poverty
From October 18th to 24th, 2017, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Beijing.
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stated that “resolutely win the battle against poverty”.
The corresponding goal is to "ensure that by 2020 the rural poor will be lifted out of poverty under my country's current standards, all poor counties will be lifted, and overall regional poverty will be resolved, so that real poverty will be lifted out."
Li Guoxiang believes that the focus and difficulty of implementing the spirit of the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and winning the fight against poverty have been transferred to the deeply impoverished areas, which means that the final "fortress" of deep poverty must be waged.
On June 15, 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions" stating, "In the past five years, we have given full play to our political and institutional advantages to build a strong joint force for poverty alleviation in the whole society, and establish a system of poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics. , Contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to the cause of global poverty reduction, and wrote a glorious chapter in the history of human anti-poverty."
The "Guiding Opinions" also pointed out that the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly made precise poverty alleviation as one of the three tough battles that must be fought to decisively build a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, and made new arrangements.
From the perspective of poverty alleviation tasks, in the next three years, there will be about 30 million rural poor people who need to get rid of poverty. Among them, the proportion of poverty due to illness and disability remains high. The task of achieving poverty alleviation within the remaining three years is very difficult.
In December of the same year, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Consumption Poverty Alleviation and Helping to Win the Fight against Poverty" to promote the consumption of products and services from poverty-stricken areas and the poor to help the poor increase their income and lift them out of poverty.
In January 2020, the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Doing a Good Job in the "Three Rural" Areas to Ensure an All-round Well-off Society as Scheduled" (Central No. 1 Document in 2020) was released.
According to opinions, decisive achievements have been made in the fight against poverty. The vast majority of the poor have been lifted out of poverty, and now they have reached the stage of attacking the city and ending the situation.
Subsequently, the State Council’s Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development issued the “Guiding Opinions on Launching the Work of Listed Supervision”, which conducted the listed supervision of 52 impoverished counties and 1113 impoverished villages that did not take off their hats at the end of 2019, and timely solved the outstanding problems restricting the completion of poverty alleviation tasks. Ensure that the poor are lifted out of poverty as scheduled, and that all poor counties will take off their hats.
The protection of social assistance is the last line of defense to win the battle against poverty. It is about whether the poor people who are completely or partially unable to work can get out of poverty as scheduled.
To this end, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the State Council’s Poverty Alleviation Office decided in February of this year to launch a social assistance program for poverty alleviation and issued the "Social Assistance Program for Poverty Alleviation."
The plan of action stated that it resolutely fulfills its political responsibility for social assistance, focuses on poverty alleviation, focuses on special groups, and focuses on the concerns of the masses, weaves a network of basic people’s livelihood protection, and earnestly guarantees that “no one household is missed, no one is left behind. ", resolutely win the battle of social assistance and protection.
Since the beginning of this year, due to various reasons and the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, some people who have escaped from poverty are at risk of returning to poverty, and some marginalized people are at risk of becoming poverty. Therefore, prevention of returning to poverty must be put in a more important position.
To this end, in March 2020, in accordance with the spirit of the "Guiding Opinions" and the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Doing a Good Job in the "Three Rural" Areas to Ensure an All-Round Well-off Society on Time And the Guiding Opinions on the Mechanism of Assistance and Assistance," proposed the establishment of a monitoring and assistance mechanism for preventing return to poverty.
On November 23, Guizhou Province announced that the remaining 9 impoverished counties would withdraw from the impoverished county sequence.
So far, national poverty-stricken counties across the country have "cleared."
"All 832 poverty-stricken counties have been lifted out of poverty as a result of the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core, the result of the hard work of the cadres and the masses in poverty-stricken areas, and the result of real help from all sectors of society. The results are remarkable.” On November 24, the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council announced the situation of poverty alleviation in poor counties, said Xia Gengsheng, deputy director of the State Council’s Poverty Alleviation Office.
Li Guoxiang believes that the "clearing" of all national-level poverty-stricken counties has benefited from a series of deployments and a series of policies issued by the state-by concentrating human and material resources, these places can get rid of poverty.
In Zhang Shuailiang's view, building a well-off society in an all-round way is not a well-off society for a group of people at one time, but a well-off society for all Chinese people to build and share together.
Therefore, lifting the rural poor from poverty is the most arduous task and a task that must be completed in building a well-off society in an all-round way.
"Poverty reduction is a systemic project that requires a series of policy mechanisms to support and guarantee." Zhang Shuailiang believes that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have issued a series of poverty alleviation policy documents for this purpose, which fully reflects the poverty alleviation work. The great importance and decisive action of the People's Republic of China further reflects the profound understanding of the Party Central Committee and the State Council of the essence of socialist common prosperity, and is a vivid interpretation of the purpose of serving the people.
Give full play to the advantages of the system
Build a social poverty alleviation system
In October 2016, the White Paper "China's Poverty Reduction Actions and Human Rights Progress" published by the Information Office of the State Council showed that after years of exploration and practice, China has accumulated successful experience in promoting the development of human rights through poverty reduction and has embarked on a path of poverty alleviation and development with Chinese characteristics.
The first experience is to stick to the basic national conditions and give full play to the advantages of the system.
"Development is the top priority of the Communist Party of China in governing and rejuvenating the country, and it is the key to solving all problems in China. China has given full play to its political and institutional advantages, and formed a cross-regional and cross-sectoral work mechanism through the work mechanism of'party leadership, government leadership, and social participation' , Cross-industry and the whole society participate in the social poverty alleviation system of multiple subjects." The white paper said.
Zhi Zhenfeng, a researcher at the Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that solving the poverty problem in our country and realizing a well-off society for 1.4 billion people is an unprecedented event in human history and an unprecedented achievement.
Achieving a well-off society in an all-round way is itself a manifestation of the advantages of China's system.
Especially since the reform and opening up, my country has continuously increased poverty alleviation efforts, established special poverty alleviation work institutions, identified key areas and groups to support, formulated poverty standards and special policies suitable for the actual national conditions, and determined development-oriented poverty alleviation policies.
"Under the unified leadership and deployment of the party, we have carried out planned and organized development-oriented poverty alleviation across the country, and successively implemented a number of medium and long-term poverty alleviation plans. Poverty reduction has become an important part of the national strategy, and it is an important part of the national strategy. National strategy implemented." Zhi Zhenfeng said.
"Insist on the combination of poverty alleviation with the help of the will and wisdom" is also one of the experiences.
The "Decision" proposes to adhere to the integration of poverty alleviation with the help of the will and the wisdom.
Correctly handle the relationship between external assistance and the poor people's own efforts, strengthen the glorious orientation of poverty alleviation, pay more attention to cultivating the awareness of poverty-stricken people to achieve prosperity through self-reliance, and pay more attention to improving the self-development ability of poor areas and poor people.
In October 2018, 13 ministries and commissions including the State Council’s Poverty Alleviation Office, the Central Organization Department, and the Central Propaganda Department issued the "Opinions on Carrying out Poverty Alleviation Actions" to further strengthen poverty alleviation work and stimulate the endogenous motivation of the poor.
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also pointed out that we must resolutely win the fight against poverty and focus on the integration of poverty alleviation with support for the will and wisdom.
In September 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out during an inspection tour in Guangshan County, Henan Province: “I have always emphasized that poverty alleviation must support both the intelligence and the will. One is wisdom and the other is ambition. Not only blood transfusion, but also the establishment of a hematopoietic mechanism. After getting rid of poverty, life will continue to bloom sesame seeds steadily."
In Li Guoxiang’s view, it is precisely this based on the country’s increased investment in human, financial, and material resources, and by mobilizing the power of the whole society to provide the poor with the conditions and motivation for self-development, that can fundamentally eliminate poverty. To eliminate poverty in any place in the world, it must be like China, with the focus on improving the development capabilities of the poor."
Our country’s experience in poverty alleviation also includes persisting in accelerating economic development and solidly advancing the cause of poverty reduction; persisting in various forms of poverty reduction, focusing on improving practical results; persisting in social fairness and justice, and striving to achieve shared results and common prosperity.
Zhang Shuailiang’s research found that China’s grand practice of poverty alleviation has explored valuable institutional resources: for example, adhere to the party’s unified leadership and deployment, give full play to the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics; adhere to the government’s leadership and diversified participation, and fully absorb the forces of all sectors of society to build a large Poverty alleviation pattern; adhere to the combination of relief-type poverty alleviation and development-type poverty alleviation, strengthen the endogenous motivation of poor farmers' self-development, etc.
“The acquisition of China’s poverty alleviation experience is itself a process in which different actors in different regions learn from each other and continue to expand and promote. The promotion of China’s poverty alleviation experience will surely serve a wider range of poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation actions around the world, and contribute to building a community with a shared future for mankind. Unique contribution. However, the promotion process is not a simple copy and paste. It must also adapt to local conditions and guide the situation, combining the spirit and essence of China's poverty alleviation experience with the special circumstances of the local society." Zhang Shuailiang suggested.
Cartography/Gao Yue