Spring plowing production started well
Our reporter Qiao Jinliang
The plan for a year lies in spring.
The area of grain sown in spring accounts for more than half of the annual grain output, the output of summer grain accounts for more than one-fifth of the annual grain output, and summer oil accounts for about two-fifths of the annual grain output. Doing a good job in spring management and spring sowing is crucial to achieving a bumper grain harvest throughout the year. important.
From the comprehensive research and judgment of agricultural situation scheduling, local reports and expert field investigations, this year's spring plowing production has started well. At present, the foundation of summer grain and oil production is good, the supply of agricultural materials is sufficient, and the situation of spring plowing preparation is generally good.
The latest agricultural situation dispatch shows that the acreage of winter wheat and winter rapeseed has grown steadily, with an area of more than 330 million mu of winter wheat and more than 110 million mu of winter rapeseed.
At present, the southwest wheat is booting, and the wheat in the south of Huanghuai, North China has turned green. The proportion of first- and second-class seedlings of overwintering wheat in the southwest region is 88.2%, which is 2.7 percentage points higher than that before winter, and the growth is better than that of the previous year and normal years; The early flowering period has gradually entered, and the downstream areas are budding and bolting. The proportion of first- and second-class seedlings is 81.6%, which is 1.8 percentage points higher than that before winter, and the seedling situation has been further transformed and upgraded.
Early rice seedlings in South China began.
Stable area bill of lading
Stabilizing the area is one of the key words of this year's grain production.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs proposed to ensure that the area of grain is stable at more than 1.77 billion mu, and strive to increase it. The area of soybean oil crops reaches more than 350 million mu, and strives to expand the area of soybeans by 5 million mu and oil crops by 10 million mu.
In order to ensure the implementation of the spring planting area, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will issue the 2023 grain and oil production targets approved by the State Council to the provincial people's governments, further implement the requirements of the party and the government for food security, guide the rational arrangement of planting structures in various regions, and consolidate the achievements of soybean expansion , Stabilize the production of rice, wheat and corn.
Liu Lihua, deputy director of the planting management department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that in terms of policy support, the minimum purchase price of rice and wheat will continue to be raised this year, the implementation of the southern early rice centralized seedling raising subsidy will continue to be implemented, and the wheat "one spray and three defense" subsidy will be fully covered. Great support for soybean planting, the expansion of the full cost of food crops and planting income insurance from major producing provinces to non-main producing provinces, and full coverage of major grain-producing counties are very beneficial to fully mobilizing farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain.
Bill of lading yield is another key word in grain production.
"We will continue to strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland with a new round of 100 billion jin grain production capacity increase action. This year, we will build 45 million mu and upgrade 35 million mu," said Guo Yongtian, director of the Farmland Construction Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. , the current annual construction tasks have been broken down to the provinces.
In the next step, we will adhere to the principle of paying equal attention to new construction and renovation, to the quantity and quality of construction, and to the improvement of soil fertility, and scientifically plan the construction of field irrigation and drainage projects in accordance with the requirements of comprehensive treatment of drought, waterlogging, waterlogging and salinity, and form a Complete irrigation and drainage system from water source to field.
To improve the yield per unit area, we must pay attention to the construction of farmland and implement policies according to varieties.
Zhang Wen, the first-level inspector of the Department of Science, Technology and Education of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that this year, the agricultural system organized and implemented a large-scale campaign to increase the yield of major crops such as grain and oil crops across the country, and launched a project to increase the yield of major grain and oil crops focusing on corn and soybeans. A comprehensive plan for the integration and assembly of good fields, good varieties, good methods, good opportunities, and good systems, build technology integration and innovation platforms in different regions, assemble various individual technical measures to increase production, and mobilize agricultural scientific research experts and a large number of agricultural technicians to protect villages, towns, farms and planting The radiation of large households drives a large-scale balanced increase in production and efficiency, transforming the potential for increase in production into actual output, and strives to significantly increase the yield of major grain and oil crops.
Strong Agricultural Machinery Technology
"Winter wheat is gradually turning green now, and it is the critical season for spring plowing. It is very important to prepare agricultural machinery well. Operators are hurrying to repair and maintain agricultural machinery, and sprinkler irrigation facilities are also being installed in the wheat fields." Feng Kede Agricultural Machinery Planting, Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province Liu Hebin, head of the professional cooperative, said that the wheat planting area of the cooperative is 800 mu, and there are more than 60 agricultural machines of various types such as sprayers, combine harvesters, and plant protection drones, which provide a strong guarantee for wheat spring management.
In recent years, agricultural machinery operators have become the main force in spring agricultural production.
Li Anning, a first-level inspector of the Agricultural Mechanization Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that it is expected that more than 22.5 million sets of agricultural machinery will be put into agricultural production this spring, basically the same as last year or a slight increase.
At the same time, agricultural machinery and equipment are upgraded to intelligent and efficient.
As of the end of 2022, the number of agricultural machinery and equipment equipped with Beidou positioning operation terminals across the country has reached 1.5 million (sets), of which more than 170,000 tractors are equipped with auxiliary driving systems.
In spring plowing and spring sowing, it can not only greatly improve the operation efficiency, but also detect the plowing depth and monitor the sowing situation in real time through sensors to ensure the operation quality.
In order to serve spring plowing preparations, the Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized 232,000 grassroots agricultural technicians and large planters to carry out spring field management training in the province; released 27 major agricultural technologies and ten leading technologies, and 15,000 agricultural technicians will Technical services are delivered to millions of households.
In order to consolidate and improve the grain production capacity, the province has actively implemented double-cropping rice rotation and intensive rice seedling raising projects this year, driving the area of double-cropping rice to stabilize at about 4 million mu; it has carried out research on 17 key agricultural technologies in 5 major fields, and promoted scientific and technological innovation Platform construction; speed up the selection and breeding of a number of breakthrough varieties, and fight for the turnaround of the seed industry.
Agricultural technology services have also been plugged with the wings of science and technology.
Zhang Wen introduced that relying on the "China Agricultural Technology Promotion" information platform, agricultural technicians across the country answer farmers' questions online, and use mobile phone live broadcasts, short videos, APP applets and other methods to provide technical guidance.
Using the big data analysis function, the platform merges and collects repeatedly asked questions, highlights them at the top, and releases them in a centralized manner.
At the same time, according to the farmers' questions and the field service situation uploaded by the agricultural technicians, it intelligently analyzes the different moisture conditions, seedling conditions and disease conditions in various places, and provides auxiliary decision-making basis for production.
Up to now, the platform has registered more than 500,000 agricultural technicians, more than 10,000 experts and agricultural scientific researchers, and has answered more than 5.8 million agricultural production questions.
The implementation of sufficient measures for agricultural resources
It is understood that this year, the wheat planting area in Gaocheng District, Shijiazhuang City is 487,000 mu. In order to prepare for spring plowing, the area has reserved more than 6,000 tons of chemical fertilizers and sold more than 3,000 tons, which can basically meet the needs of spring plowing.
"We guide agricultural material management companies to vigorously improve the distribution service of agricultural materials, and rely on the chain distribution network covering the whole region to deliver agricultural materials directly to the fields, reduce farmers' costs, and ensure that farming is not delayed." Gaocheng District Supply and Marketing Social Enterprise Management Unit Chief Li Shuqing said.
In Qiaoshe Town, Jingkai District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, the farmers are rushing to organize their fields, which is a busy scene.
Wu Xinfei, director of the Agricultural and Rural Affairs Office of Qiaoshe Township, introduced that in terms of fertilizers, the town’s agricultural materials store has a total of 500 tons of compound fertilizers, 460 tons of urea, 60 tons of potassium fertilizers, and 100 tons of phosphate fertilizers, which are sufficient supplies; in terms of seeds, 50 tons of conventional early rice seeds are stored. 10,000 jin, 20,000 jin of hybrid seeds, and some farmers kept their own conventional seeds, which can basically meet the needs of local farmers.
In the next step, we will also ensure the implementation of the spring sowing area by strengthening service guarantees and policy support measures.
At present, there is a rapid upsurge of spring management and spring plowing in various places. Farmers in the north have begun spring sowing to prepare seeds and fertilizers, and in the south they have begun to apply fertilizers and pesticides. The purchase and sale of agricultural materials has gradually entered the peak season.
According to information from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, from a national perspective, the supply of hybrid corn, hybrid rice, and soybean seeds is greater than the amount required for spring sowing.
The supply of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers exceeds demand, and the shortage of potassium fertilizers has been basically alleviated. The supply of pesticides and agricultural films can meet the needs of spring plowing.
However, spring management and spring plowing also face some difficulties.
The meteorological department predicts that this year's agricultural climate will be generally deviated, and extreme weather events will occur frequently and strongly.
It is expected that the national temperature will be high in spring and the precipitation will be generally low. Spring drought may occur in some parts of the Huanghuai Haimai region, and spring floods may occur in the eastern part of Northeast China.
Experts predict that the area of major food crops with pests and diseases will increase significantly this year, and the task of "grain grabbing by insects" will be arduous.
A few days ago, many departments formulated the "Scientific Drought Resisting Spring Management to Win Summer Grain and Oil Harvest Plan", requiring all localities to enhance risk awareness, fully estimate the possible adverse effects of drought on summer grain and oil production, implement preventive measures early, and strive to ensure crop irrigation water.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs also sent a scientific and technological team composed of more than 120 experts to 15 major summer grain and oil-producing provinces, and cooperated with local agricultural technicians to carry out guidance and training to demonstrate and drive spring field management.
(Economic Daily)